Weed Flora of Gladiolus Fields in District Kasur, Pakistan

Gladiolus is one of the most popular cut flowers being cultivated in Pakistan. The present studies report the weed flora associated with Gladiolus. A total of 31 angiospermic species belonging to 17 families were found growing in association with Gladiolus. Maximum number of species (6) belonged to family Asteraceae followed by Papillionaceae (4) and Poaceae. Rumex dentatus was found to be the most frequently occurring and densely populated weed with absolute frequency (AF) of 74 and absolute density (AD) of 1.33. The other frequently occurring and densely populated weeds were Poa annua, Coronopus didymus, Convolvulus arvensis, Euphorbia prostrate, Melilotus parviflora, Cynodon dactylon, Mazus goodenifolia and Verbena agrestis with AF ranging from 51–69%% and AD from 0.75– 1.05. Less frequently occurring weeds with AF between 21 to 49% were Amaranthus viridis, Cirsium arvense, Eclipta alba, and Solanum nigrum were found least frequently occurring species with AF 20% and below and AD of 0.10–0.38.

Distribution of various weeds in the fields of Okra, Sponge-gourd, Bitter-gourd and Red-gourd in Tehsil Gojra, District Toba Tek Singh, Punjab, Pakistan was investigated during 2007-2008 and forty weed species of seventeen different angiosperm families were identified with Poaceae having the maximum of weeds species, i.e. 10 while eleven families had only single weed species in each. The Family Importance value Index (FIVI) of Cyperaceae and Poacaeae were 2.67 and 5.40 respectively. On the other hand, among the dicot families, the FIVI of 7 weed species of Asteraceae was 5.55. Euphorbiaceae and Solanacae had 6.1 and 3.68 while F1V1 of each weed species of remaining ten families ranged between 20.73 to 2.46. On the basis of percentage frequency distribution, 35 weed species were found below average, 3 on average while one (Cynodon dactylon) assertive and one Convolvulus arvensis ascendant in distribution.

Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 2014

A total of 43 weed species belongs to 17 families and 39 genera were collected from wheat and sugarcane fields. Among them 3 genera and 3 species were monocot and 36 genera and 40 species were dicot. Family Asteraceae was the leading family represented by 11 genera (28.2%) and 12 species (27.9%). Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Papilionaceae having 4 genera (10.3%) and 4 species (9.3%) each. Poaceae having 3 genera (7.7%) and 3 species (6.97%), Polygonaceae having 2 genera (5.12%) and 3 species (6.97%). While the remaining families having 1 genera (2.6%) and 1 species (2.33%) each. According to lifeform classification Therophytes were the major lifeform class (93%) and Hemicryptophytes were 4.7% and Chamaephytes were 2.3%. Leaf size classification shows that Microphylls (37.2%) were the major leaf size class followed by Leptophylls (30.2%), Nannophylls (16.3%) and Mesophylls (16.3%). The weed species are competing with crops for nutrients, space, light and interfere by inhibiting nut...

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH, 2021

Four season’s data of floristic structure and biological spectrum of Toormang Valley, Dir lower was explored during 2018-2019. The flora comprised 238 species, 164 genera associated with 60 families. The most prevailing family was Asteraceae with 42 species (17.64%), trailed by Rosaceae 16 (6.72%), Brassicaceae 13(5.46%), Solanaceae 11 (4.62%), Papilionaceae 10 (4.20%), Apiaceae, and Poaceae each with 9(3.78%), Lamiaceae 8 (3.36%), Boraginaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Moraceae each contributed by 7 species (2.94%), Amaranthaceae and Cucurbitaceae each consisted of 6 species (2.52%), Caryophyllaceae and Chenopodiaceae each with 5(2.10%) while rest of 23 families contributed by 01 species each (0.42%). The largest genera were Euphorbia (6 species), followed by Sonchus and Medicago (4 species) each. Therophytes were the dominant with 102 species (42.85%), followed by nanophanerophytes with 27 (11.34%), hemicryptophytes with 25 (10.50%), chamaephytes with 20(8.40%), microphanerophytes with 1...

Journal of Weed Science Research, 2018

Present study was conducted during 2013-2014 in order to assess the weed flora of Darazinda, Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan. In the present study 27 weed species belonging to 15 families were reported from the research area. Asteraceae family was dominated with 8 species followed by Papilionaceae (4 species). The family Poaceae was represented by three species and Polygonaceae was having two species, while the remaining families have only one species each. In life form the dominant was therophyte (17 species), followed by Geophyte (4 species), hemicryptophyte (3 species), chaemophytes (2 species) and one parasite. The leaf size spectra showed that nanophylls (13 species) were the dominant, followed by mesophyll (5 species), microphyll (4 species), leptophyll (2 species) and aphyllous with (2 species).

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH

Field surveys were carried out to assess the phytodiversity, phenology, leaf size, leaf shape, life form and ethnobotany of weed flora of village Sufaid Sung, Peshawar from March 2017 to June 2019. Overall, 95 species have been reported associated with 31 families. Dominant families were Poaceae (22 species), Asteraceae (10 species) followed by Amaranthaceae and Papilionaceae (6 species each), Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae (5 species each), Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae (4 species), Apiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Malvaceae and Verbenaceae added 2 species, Chenopodiaceae and Convolvulaceae contributed 3 species, Apiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Cyperaceae, Malvaceae and Verbenaceae added 2 species while the rest of 16 families contributed a single species each. The dominant life form was therophytes (76 species) followed by hemicryptophytes (11 species) and geophytes (8 species). Leaf size of the flora showed that the most dominant leaf size class was mesophyll (38 species) followed...

2011

Alien and exotic plant invasions are threatening the floral diversity around the globe and affect ecological processes. Weed invasion has been documented in North-West Pakistan. A total of 16 weeds were reported as invasive. These were Xanthium strumarium, Ipomoea eriocarpa, Alternanthera pungens, Trianthema portulacastrum, Tagetes minuta, Imperata cylindrica, Amaranthus hybridus subsp. hybridus, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Broussonetia papyrifera, Ailanthus altissima, Pistia stratiotes, Phragmites australis, Parthenium hysterophorus, Cannabis sativa, Galium aparine and Emex spinosus. Among these Robinia pseudo-acacia, Broussonetia papyrifera and Ailanthus altissima are trees and were purposely introduced as they later became invasive. They were aggressive in nature and replaced or suppressed the local vegetation. Their distribution, history of invasion and management has been discussed here. The behaviour and association of the 36 problem weeds with different crops has also been outline...

2019

The present study enumerates the floristic diversity of weeds growing in the fields of two major crops rice and wheat in Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh. The survey conducted during 2012-2017 recorded 78 angiospermic weed species which belong to 70 genera and 36 families. Of these, dicotyledonous weeds are represented by 50 species under 50 genera and 29 families whereas monocotyledonous weeds are represented by 28 species under 20 genera and 7 families. Out of total species found in the district in these two crops, 37 species are native to India, 36 species are exotic and for remaining 5 species the nativity is not clear. During kharif season in the rice crop 57 species under 47 genera and 28 families and during rabi season in the wheat crop 21 species under 19 genera and 12 families were observed. Only six species have been found growing in both crops in both seasons. During the survey it was also observed that about 14 species were used by local people as vegetables and about...

The study on the phyto-sociological association of weeds in summer crops viz. rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), saffron (Crocus sativus) and pulses of Kashmir valley was conducted during 2013 at varying altitudes from 1500 to 2500 m above mean sea level (amsl). Areas where rice is cultivated two eco-situations exist, first with abundance of soil moisture is infested with weed species like Potamagetone distinctus, Polygonum hydropiper, Monochoria vaginalis,Ammania baccifera, Gratula japonica,Cyperius defformis, C.irria, Scirpus juncoides etc. In second eco-situation where farmers have to irrigate rice fiels as per availability of water the fields are infested with weeds like Echinochloa crusgalli, Gratula japonica,Cyperius defformis, C.irria, Cyperus rotundus etc. Up to 1700 m maximum importance value index (IVI) of Potamogeton distinctus (29.28%) among broad leaves, Echinochloa crusgalli (27.15%) among grasses and Cyperus difformis (18.88%) among sedges was noticed in rice, Amaranthus viridis (20.33%) among broad leaves, Digitaria sanguinalis (16.9%) among grasses and Cyperus rotundus (20.14%) among sedges in maize and in saffron Star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum mbellatum) (31.85%) among grasses, Amaranthus virids (18.23%) among broad leaves and Cyperus rotundus (26.18%) among sedges. From 1700 to 2000m amsl maximum IVI of Potamogeton distinctus (33.03%) among broad leaves, Echinochloa crusgalli (15.48%) among grasses and Cyperus difformis(15.89%) among sedges was noticed in rice and Amaranthus viridis (22.08%) among broad leaves, Digitaria sanguinalis(17.15%) among grasses, Cyperus rotundus(14.53%) among sedges and among others Chenopodium album was 18.3% in maize + pulses. Above 2000 m amsl Potamogeton distinctus (33.59%) and Marsilea qadrifolia (28.35%) among broad leaves, Echinochloa crusgalli (17.08%) among grasses was, Cyperus difformis(17.11%) and Cyperus iria(17.12%) among sedges and among others Polygonum hydropiper was 17.18% in rice, in maize + pluses maximum IVI of 18.32% was of Amaranthus viridisamong broad leaves, 14.37% of Digitaria Sanguinalis and 14.93% of Cynodon dactylon among grasses, 12.96% of Cyperus rotundus among sedges and 13.53% of Medicago sativa was observed in maize +pluses.

Weeds inventory survey was conducted in the PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi campus during October, 2007 to February, 2008 and mounted on sheet and deposited in the Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi. The status of each taxa was determined by taking frequency percentage. During the survey, a total of 42 weed species belonging to 37 genera and 18 families were identified. Among them, 27 species were dicot and 15 monocot. Poaceae was found to be the most dominant family in the campus that contributed 30.95% followed by Amaranthaceae (14.29%), Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae (9.52% each). Most of the species recorded were annual (54%), followed by perennial (29%) and biennial (17%). The most common species were Alternanthera pungens Linn. , Cannabis sativa Linn. , Convolvulus arvensis Linn. , Euphorbia hirta Linn. , Malvestrum coromendilianum (Linn.) Garcke, Oxalis corniculata Linn., Parthenium hysterophorus Linn. and Tribulus terrestris Linn.