HOLLAND'S THEORY OF CAREERS AND VOCATIONAL CHOICE

Technium Social Sciences Journal

A profession or trade is a permanent occupation, an activity based on specialized education that someone regularly pursues on the basis of an appropriate qualification, in order to obtain remuneration. Personality is a universe that constantly encourages knowledge, but which can never be exhausted. Goethe believed that the supreme performance of scientific knowledge is the knowledge of man. The idea is justified both by the maximum complexity of the human being and by the fact that "man represents the supreme value for man." Between Nietzsche's pessimism, which states that "man is the animal that can never be defined," and Protagoras' axiological view, that "man is the measure of all things," personality is a global concept, a structure that cannot be defined only by its structural elements. The concept of interest and its implications for human learning and development have an important role in both education and psychology. In a society that c...

Psychological Reports, 2009

The relationship between occupational preferences and personality traits was examined. A randomly chosen sample of 735 students (age range = 17 to 23 years; 50.5% male) in their last year of high school participated in this study.

2014

The primary aim of the study was to examine factors that influence career choices such as the individual, situational and environmental variables. The study was conducted in the motor retail industry whereby 223 respondents participated in the study by completing the questionnaire. Participants indicated that parents’ or relatives’ advice, association with others in the field, talent, skills and abilities, business opportunities and personal interests as significant influences on their career choices. The participants also identified perceived benefits such as employment security, potential for personal growth and development and opportunity to use skills and abilities as influential factors on career choice. The study also found that in the motor retail industry participants indicated that their gender has influenced their career choice; however educational levels were not seen as an influential factor on career choice. Furthermore, the study also examined participants’ perception ...

Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1985

This monograph reviews research on person-environment congruence in Holland's theory of career choice. Correlational studies consistently show significant, positive relationships between congruence and academic performance and persistence, job satisfaction, stability of choice, perceived congruence, and personality, but nonsignificant relationships between congruence and self-concept or sociability. These correlational studies appear to have reached a conceptual and statistical plateau. More complex research designs which incorporate moderator variables, changes in congruence over time, or experimental manipulations reveal findings that better reflect the original intent of the theory and that are more likely to lead to clear translations to counseling practice. D

The paper looked at issues concerning choice of career among students. After a brief look at what career choice and development is, the paper describe some terms associated with career; terms that a considered synonymous by many but are actually different. The paper was based upon the system theory which focuses on the importance of society and the environment along with individual differences and it was also based upon the chaos theory which focuses on the complexities of social realities and the unpredictable incidents they will generate. Furthermore, the paper discussed on the various assumptions or perspectives underlying career choice like opportunities and choices should be available for all people, regardless of sex, socioeconomic class, religion, disability, sexual orientation, age, or cultural background. Attempt was also made to discuss on some of the classification of occupational types though the thousands of occupations are known to be existing in the world of work. Likewise, factors that are known to affect occupational choice and types are carefully elucidated. General process of career choice were discussed which involves facilitating greater self-awareness, linking individuals to resources containing labour market information, increasing awareness of options, assisting with the decision making process, and teaching job search strategies.

Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership, 2019

Having individual occupation to produce work and to be effective is necessary for individuals. Concurrently, society desires to respond to social expectancies while meeting this need. Vocation, as both social and individual needs, expands people's lifetimes. This rate is even higher in developing countries than in economically developed European and North American countries. Therefore, career choice is important to meet individual happiness as well as addressing social expectations. Choosing vocation carefully has been addressed by many different theories (Parsons, Super; Holland, and Krumboltz). While these theories comprehensively examine the importance of the theoretical knowledge on the career choice, age, personality, ability, and gender roles are significant affecting factors. Solutions and recommendations based on avoiding stress, culture-infused career counseling, avoiding negative thinking, and using family tree into career counseling are additionally provided.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2021

The study determined the vocational aspirations of high school students and their level of congruence with Holland's RIASEC personality types measured by SDS (Self Directed Search) (Miller, Springer, Tobacyk &Wells, 2004). Majority of the students (N = 482) mentioned doctor, army, teacher, lawyer, and engineer as their most preferred vocational aspirations. The effects of vocational aspirations of students on five main domains of personality measured by NEO-PI-R were also studied. Expert opinions were incorporated to identify the personality patterns and Holland's personality types, which meaningfully correspond with the respective professions of experts. The instruments used in the study have high internal consistency. Gender differences were also studied. The results showed high degree of congruence between and vocational aspirations of doctor and teacher and a state of incongruence for the army, lawyer and engineer once compared with their vocational interests. The study may be helpful in career decisionmaking process and is valuable to the students, career experts, and policymakers.

International Journal of Teaching & Education, 2017

Career choice is the one of the most important decisions undertaken in adolescence. According to numerous studies, various factors influence the development of career choices. The overall goal of this study was to analyze career certainty in relation to the congruence between personality traits and career choice. The main research question was: are there differences in the level of career certainty among adolescents with congruence between personality traits and career choice and those without congruence? A total of (N=587) twelfth grade high school students from seven regions of Kosovo took part in the survey. The sample was selected randomly. The participants completed the Career Decision Scale and Self Directed Search. The research results show a positive relationship between personality traits and chosen career. The results also support four of the six study assumptions regarding level of career certainty among adolescents, with and without congruence between personality traits and chosen career. Adolescents with congruence of personality traits and professions for realistic, investigative, artistic, and social categories showed higher career certainty compared to adolescents who had not reported congruence between these factors. For the entrepreneur and conventional categories, there were no differences in level of career certainty among adolescents with and without congruence of personality traits and chosen career.

International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews

A profession, occupation, trade, or vocation are all frequently referred to using the word "career." It shapes our future and this decision is one of the most crucial decisions a student or even a person can make. This study aims to find out the factors that influence a person’s career decision making process. Here we will go through different factors that our participants highlight and then evaluate based on their answers how much or little or even no effect it has on them. Factors like Age, Gender & Class (Grade) are taken as baselines so that there is little to no influence of these factors on the dataset we collected from our participants.

Journal of Career Development, 1992

Almost from its inception Kelly's (1955) personal construct psychology has sustained a research literature directed at understanding vocational processes. This research has concentrated on the idiographic matrix of meanings, or constructs, that individuals bring to bear in making vocational decisions and wending their way through the world of work. Early work concentrated on adapting the theory's methods to eliciting personally meaningful vocational constructs, and using them in directed processes of exploration tailored to the individual's unique world view (Dolliver, 1966). Regarded as bi-polar bases of distinction among relevant aspects of experience, vocational constructs (e.g., outdoor work vs. desk job; high salary vs. low salary) provide a template or channel through which vocational events are viewed. These dimensions help organize and systematize the vocational events with which an individual is confronted, lending order and meaning to the world of work. Importantly, Kelly (1955) assumed that individuals differed not only in the particular content of the constructs that they brought to bear in making vocational judgments, but also in the overall organization, or structure of that matrix of meaning he referred to as the "vocational construct system" (p. 740).

Applied Psychology, 2001

It is 40 years since Holland first proposed his theory of vocational choice. In that period it is probably true to say that it has attracted more research than any other vocational guidance measure. This paper looks at the central concept in his theory (congruence) and other areas of vocational guidance, namely``fit''. It also looks at current research issues relating to Holland's theory. Particular attention is paid to the research papers that examine the overlap between the six (RAISEC) personality types of Holland and the consensually accepted`` ...

Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2010

Previous research on individual differences in career decision-making processes has often focused on classifying individuals into a few types of decision-making styles based on the most dominant trait or characteristic of their approach to the decision process (e.g., rational, intuitive, dependent; Harren, 1979). In this research, an alternative approach, which offers a multidimensional profile characterization of individuals' career decisionmaking processes based on a simultaneous consideration of 11 dimensions, is presented. Thus, the proposed model refers to career decision-making profiles rather than career decision-making styles. The model, which emerged from a systematic analysis of previous research, was refined on the basis of preliminary empirical tests (five samples, N = 2764) using the Career Decision-Making Profile (CDMP) questionnaire. Study 1 reports the psychometric properties and the results of an exploratory factor analysis of the CDMP questionnaire, in a sample of young adults deliberating their career decisions (N = 285). Study 2 presents the results of a confirmatory factor analysis, based on Israeli (N = 431) and US (N = 208) samples of young adults. The results of both studies supported the hypothesized 11 dimensions. The implications for future research and for counseling are discussed.

SSRN Electronic Journal

Vocational psychology carts away the vocational behavior regarding the occupational preferences of every individual, which commences at the period of adolescence. These occupational or vocational preferences are shaped or crystallized through career guidance and theories, which further help an adolescent to climb the career ladder towards achieving career aspirations and success. This research article, focuses mainly on five theories, self-concept development theory, valence-instrumentality-expectancy theory, theory of work adjustment , tournament theory and Maslow hierarchy of needs theory, which help the adolescents with the occupational preferences, assist in climbing the career ladder from growth stage to retirement stage, ultimately resulting in achieving career aspirations. Furthermore, researchers reveal the differences among these theories highlighting unique features of every theory in predicting occupational or career preferences. Researchers also draw the career onion, where every layer of the career onion depicts that every adolescent peels off each career layer (starting from the growth stage until he eventually peels off the last layer of the retirement age) to achieve career self-actualization.

Journal of Career Assessment, 2011

This study tested a new model of the occupational decision-making processes of senior high-school students, which incorporates cultural and motivational perspectives. A theoretical framework guided the study. A refined version of a previously used survey instrument was administered to 566 Australian Grade 11 students attending a stratified random sample of 16 government high schools in the Sydney metropolitan area. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The major finding of the study is the confirmation of a new model of the occupational decision-making processes of senior high school students, that incorporates the predictive roles of idiocentrism oriented toward the future and allocentrism toward the family, and the strong mediating role of occupational interest/enjoyment, in arriving at occupational attitudes, and ultimately, occupational intentions. Psychologists, career managers, counselors, educators, and families may be able to use the findings to understand, and guide, the occupational decisions of senior high school students.

American Journal of Business Education ( …, 2011

The study is about the prevailing differences, commonalities and significant contributions of the career pathing among the general administrative and support services employees based on Holland'