Bridge : Past & Present

ECUACIONES DE MAXWELL

This paper targets to explain different types of bridges that exists and how they are benefit to countries economy. This paper explains different types of bridges and their applications. It also explains the need of a particular bridge at a particular place. Introduction: A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. There are many different designs that each serve a particular purpose and apply to different situations.

Bridge and Structural Engineer, 2022

The cables, deck, and pylons are the main load-bearing elements of the cable-stayed bridges. Before the beginning of modern cable-stayed bridges, several suspension bridges were built that had suspension cables, pylon, and stiffening deck as main load-bearing elements. A suspension bridge collapse at wheeling due to the wind made J A Roebling introduce inclined stays to resist the gale in his Brooklyn suspension bridge, leading the way to modern cable-stayed bridges. While narrating the evolution of the cable-stayed bridges up to the latest world-record-holding Russky Bridge in Russia, the paper attempts to provide some key information to conceive cable-stayed bridges based on literature by Fritz Leonhardt, Neils J Gimsing, Walter Podolny Jr and Michel Virloguex.

IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine, 2014

IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2014

I n this contribution, we will analyze and briefl y present the scientists cited by Maxwell in his 1864 dissertation, "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" [1]. The analysis will distinguish between researchers that are merely mentioned by Maxwell and those for which a precise citation to published papers is given. For the sake of clarity, since in [1] citations were often given in a very short form without titles or pages, the full bibliographical references are given here [2-26]. Furthermore, for these papers we will also inves tigate the "second-level citations," that is, researchers cited by those cited by Maxwell. A third-level investigation was done only for [27], which is a self-citation by Maxwell in [2].

International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 2021

To date information about studies of magnetic and electrical phenomena at an early stage of development of electrical engineering seems do not coherent, are fragmentary and ambiguous. In this work a partially filled gap on the subject. The subject of this paper is to examine issues related to the major discoveries and research in the field of magnetism and electricity at the initial stage of development of electrical engineering.

Cable-stayed bridges can be recognized as a suitable solution for connecting wide-span crossings. More than 600 cable bridges are constructed in the world till now while this process is in progress and this number is increasing. The span of cable bridges is between 100m to 500m wide usually while length of widest cable bridges has increased up to 1000m during this decade. Construction of such bridges still is so profitable and according to this point studying these bridges seems so important. Cable-stayed bridges are studied from many aspects such as number of spans, number of towers, number of cables and girder types. Among this process, this paper has gathered more than 100 cable stayed bridges around the world in a table and has assessed them based on different parameters and has categorized these bridges in 3 categories of harp, fan and radial. This categorizing has been based on a relationship between the pattern of cables and the width of spans. Fundamentals of this categorizing have been defined in the first step of this paper. In continue the results have been represented. At the end the relationship between the width of span of these bridges and the category will be analyzed and the final conclusion will be presented.

2008

James Clerk Maxwell's presentation titled,“A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field” in 1864 established the foundation for electromagnetic field theory as we know it today [1]. His work, which drew upon the observations of Faraday, Ampere, Oersted, Gauss and others, introduced equations describing the relationship between electric and magnetic fields, electric charges and electric currents.