The Role of Ad Hoc Networks in Mobile Telecommunication

Ad Hoc Networking, 2001

In recent years, mobile computing has enjoyed a tremendous rise in popularity. The continued miniaturization of mobile computing devices and the extraordinary rise of processing power available in mobile laptop computers combine to put more and better computer-based applications into the hands of a growing segment of the population. At the same time, the markets for wireless telephones and communication devices are experiencing rapid growth. Projections have been made that, by the year 2002, there will be more than a billion wireless communication devices in use, and more than 200 million wireless telephone handsets will be purchased annually. The rise of wireless telephony will change what it means to be "in touch"; already many people use their office telephone for taking messages while they are away and rely on their mobile telephone for more important or timely messages. Indeed, mobile phones are used for tasks as simple and as convenient as finding one's associates in a crowded shopping mall or at a conference. A similar transformation awaits mobile computer users, and we can expect new applications to be built for equally mundane but immediately convenient uses.

This paper has a center of attention on the study of Ad Hoc network its protocols and different types of networks in detail as we know this is an up and coming field which places lot of contribution in networking. In the past few years we have seen a rapid expansion in the field of mobile computing due to the proliferation of inexpensive widely available wireless devices a mobile ad hoc network or MANET consists of mobile wireless nodes in which the communication between nodes is carried out without any centralized control. MANET is a self organized and self configurable network where the mobile nodes move arbitrarily. The mobile nodes can receive and forward packets as a router. In this paper provides insight into the potential applications of ad hoc networks and discusses the technological challenges that protocol designers and network developers are faced with. KEYWORDS: Ad Hoc network, Challenges Application, WSN, MANET, WMN.

2004

In the past few years, we have seen a rapid expansion in the field of mobile computing due to the proliferation of inexpensive, widely available wireless devices. However, current devices, applications and protocols are solely focused on cellular or wireless local area networks (WLANs), not taking into account the great potential offered by mobile ad hoc networking. A mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous collection of mobile devices (laptops, smart phones, sensors, etc.) that communicate with each other over wireless links and cooperate in a distributed manner in order to provide the necessary network functionality in the absence of a fixed infrastructure. This type of network, operating as a stand-alone network or with one or multiple points of attachment to cellular networks or the Internet, paves the way for numerous new and exciting applications. Application scenarios include, but are not limited to: emergency and rescue operations, conference or campus settings, car networks, personal networking, etc. This paper provides insight into the potential applications of ad hoc networks and discusses the technological challenges that protocol designers and network developers are faced with. These challenges include routing, service and resource discovery, Internet connectivity, billing and security.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013

Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANET) are usually defined as a set of wireless mobile nodes dynamically self organizing a temporary network without any central administration or existing infrastructure. This is mainly due to the mobility of the nodes .Much of this work is targeted to increase the network performance on the network layer and finding a feasible route from a source to a destination without considering current network traffic or application requirements. Due to their decentralized, self-configuring and dynamic nature, MANETs offers several advantages and disadvantages. In this paper we present an overview of (MANET) by presenting their characteristics, functionality, challenging applications and routing protocols.

International Journal on Applications of Graph Theory in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks and Sensor Networks, 2010

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of two or more devices or nodes or terminals with wireless communications and networking capability that communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrator also the wireless nodes that can dynamically form a network to exchange information without using any existing fixed network infrastructure. 88 past few years the rapid popularization of mobile phones can be seen to communicate with others anytime, anywhere, get the latest information, or exchange the required information is no longer a dream, And we have gradually become an integral part of life. Military purposes, as is often considerable danger in field environment, some of the major basic communication facilities, such as base stations, may not be available, in this case, different units, or if you want to communicate between the forces, we must rely on This cannot MANET network infrastructure limitations. In emergency relief, the mountain search and rescue operations at sea, or even have any infrastructure can not be expected to comply with the topographical constraints and the pressure of time under the pressure, Ad Hoc Network completely wireless and can be any mobile feature is especially suited to disaster relief operations. When personal communication devices and more powerful, some assembly occasions, if you need to exchange large amounts of data, whether the transmission of computer files or applications that display. if we can link into a temporary network structure, then the data transmission will be more efficient without the need for large-scale projection equipment would not have point to point link equipment (such as network line or transmission line). The current wireless LAN technology, Bluetooth is has attracted considerable attention as a development plan. Bluetooth's goal is to enable wireless devices to contact with each other, if the adding the design of Ad Hoc Network (MANET).

2016

Computers capable of attaching to the Internet from many places are likely to grow in popularity until they dominate the population of the Internet. Consequently, protocol research has shifted into high gear to develop appropriate network protocols for supporting mobility. This introductory article attempts to outline some of the many promising and interesting research directions. The papers in this special issue indicate the diversity of viewpoints within the research community, and it is part of the purpose of this introduction to frame their place within the overall research area.

2002

The Ad Hoc network area is still under development and there are many proposals to decide the right technology (routing protocols, addressing, interoperability, etc). To provide the appropriate mobility management in Ad Hoc network, it is necessary to support the idea of link state protocols (ZRP, OLSR, FSR, etc). It is proposed to classify the Ad Hoc nodes into smart and dummy nodes. The smart nodes will have the functionality to maintain the link state information and taking care of the mobility management. The proposed architecture relies on these smart nodes that keep the topology information and provide the required services to enable network mobility. These nodes will implement a generic routing component that maintains the routing functionality and performs the replication/synchronization mechanism among the existing smart nodes in the Ad Hoc network. The main requirement for the synchronization module is that the selected protocol should be independent of the underneath technology. There are plenty of possible solutions but the target of this approach is to utilize a synchronization protocol that can accommodate above it different routing protocols. The possible solutions for data synchronization when implementing routing in Ad Hoc networks are evaluated. Therefore, a generic replication mechanism that works independently of the data content is proposed to support mobility management. The features to self-adaptation to the changing parameters of the communications channels are described.

Recent trends in compact computing and wireless technologies are expansion of ad hoc network. Ad hoc network consists of versatile flat forms which are free to move expeditiously. Ad hoc networks are multi-hop network that use wireless communication for transmission without any fixed infrastructure. The networks are form and deform on-the-fly without the need for any system. Ad hoc structure does not require an access point, it is easy to setup, especially in a small or temporary network. Each node in the network forwards the packet without the need of central administration. In ad hoc network, node acts as a router to send and receive the data. An advantage of the system is robustness, flexibility and mobility. Ad hoc network are capable for analyzing radio propagation environment to optimize the performance. This typically requires that the network node have positioning capability as well as memory to recall geographical local condition. An ad hoc network typically refers to any set of network where all devices have equal status on a network and are free to associate with any other ad hoc network device in link range. Ad hoc network often refers to a mode of operation of IEEE802.11 wireless networks. This review is focused on the applications, advantages and challenges of ad hoc networks.

2005

Abstract: A mobile ad-hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile routers that are self-organizing and completely decentralized with no requirements for dedicated infrastructure support. However, such infrastructure in terms of base stations is available in many popular areas already. These base stations often offer high-speed data connectivity to a wired network.

International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology

When more than 1 terminal/node/device, that has networking and communication capabilities, communicate with a similar device in the absence of a centralized admin or a situation where dynamic network of wireless nodes communicates amongst each other without any fixed infrastructure it is called MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks). MANET is autonomous wireless mobile host systems where the node are dynamically linked to each other, at times acting as routers as well. In this paper we will discuss a typical wired network, its characteristics, and its ever changing network configuration without limit of size or direction. Thus arriving at a need for a new routing protocol (optional path agreements) that will specify the nodes for this purpose. The ideal routing protocol must not only enable the identification of the best path but also enable the Ad Hoc Network to adapt to this route dynamically. We will also discuss types of MANET, its history along with approaches of wireless mobile. We will also touch upon the various routing protocol suggested for the Ad-Hoc Network along with possible applications of MANET, pros & Cons, characteristic analysis and routing protocols.