Rural‐Urban Migration and Poverty: The Case of India

Disparity of development between rural and urban areas pushes the rural people towards urban areas. The poverty induced rural-urban migration has increased urban poverty, slums, crime inequalities and exploitation and, over all, degradation of urban life on one hand, and on the other hand supply region Rural areas have failed to upgrade their livelihood. Among all of the migration streams, intra-state migration dominates interstate, migration is male dominated and economically motivated. Statewise migration data do not show any direct relationship between economic development of the state and their rural-urban migration. Analysis of the size growth reveals that hierarchy of urban centers and their settlement distribution have become highly skewed over time and imbalance and inequalities reached their highest form within the centers according to their size. Large metropolitan cities have grown unparallel at fast rate. Large groups of landless, unskilled, illiterate people from rural economy leave their home and go to the cities or large towns like Mumbai, Delhi. The rural migrants do not prefer to go to neighbouring small towns because their absorption capacity is limited.

Internal Migration, Urbanization and Poverty in Asia: Dynamics and Interrelationships, 2019

2011

Working Papers, 2009

Migration decisions to urban areas that are backed by economic rationale and attempts to understand gains accruing to individuals from migration, in terms of poverty outcomes are analysed. The analysis is based on the 55th round survey data on Employment-...

The present study aims to analyse the interstate variations in the volume of rural outmigration and levels of deprivation and to examine the causal relationship between rural out-migration and selected socio-economic variables of deprivation among the states and union territories (UTs) of India. The entire research work is based on secondary sources of data, collected from the office of the Registrar General of India, State Primary Census Abstract, 2001, SRS Bulletins of 2008 and Planning Commission of India, 2004. The boundary of a state/union territory has been taken as the smallest unit of study.

International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 2009

Based on the recent census data this paper analyses the district level rural to urban migration rates (both intra-state and the interstate) among males and females separately. Both the rates are closely associated irrespective of whether the migrants originate from the rural areas within the state or outside the state. This would suggest that women usually migrate as accompanists of the males. Though many of the relatively poor and backward states actually show large population mobility, which is primarily in search of a livelihood, the mobility of male population is also seen to be prominent in the relatively advanced states like Maharashtra and Gujarat. Rapid migration of rural females within the boundaries of the states is, however, evident across most of the regions. The social networks, which play an The Institute of Developing Economies (IDE) is a semigovernmental, nonpartisan, nonprofit research institute, founded in 1958. The Institute merged with the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) on July 1, 1998. The Institute conducts basic and comprehensive studies on economic and related affairs in all developing countries and regions, including Asia, the

2016

Migration and urbanization are direct manifestations of the process of economic development in space, particularly in the contemporary phase of globalization. Understanding the causes and consequences of the former in terms of the changes in

Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2018

Agricultural sector in India is suffering from surplus labor and low productivity leading to disguised unemployment. This results in distress migration from rural to urban areas. As a public policy concern, growth of the non-farm sector is seen as a holistic measure to check this type of migration. An increase in the number of census towns indicates a rise in the non-farm sector. However, the past decade has also witnessed an increase in migration from rural to urban areas. Moreover, the employment in the non-farm sector has remained stagnant during the same period. Several reasons can possibly explain such complexities. Inequalities have remained high in rural areas in terms of income, consumption and social ostracism. Access to credit by rural workforce is challenged by class and caste differences denying benefit to a large portion of rural populace. But increasing numbers of rural youth are also migrating for pursuing higher education. This paper critically analyses the trends in...

The present paper aims to analyse the total and sex-wise causes of rural-urban migration among the states and union territories of India. The study also highlights on the socio-economic determinants of rural-urban migration in short, medium and long distance migration-streams, categorized on the basis of migration defining boundaries. The entire research work is based on secondary sources of data, collected from Census of India publications , New Delhi. The boundary of a state/ union territory (UT) has been taken as the smallest unit of study.

Indian Journal of Economics and Development, 2019

Based on the Census reports this work analyses the significance of Rural-Urban migration in India since 2001. It attempts to show how rural-urban movement is the most important livelihood strategy among all the migration patterns. The examined data reveals that since liberalisation, the population of the country has increased by 43.8% and the fraction of migrants has gone up by 10%. Over 37% of the country’s population are migrants but figures could be misleading because around half of all migrants move for marital reasons.