Feminism and Inclusive Leadership

Women have always been underestimated and blatantly ignored by Western political theory as it was much easier to doubt women's capabilities in general instead of actually acknowledging them. Women were always confined to household activities and excluded from such public affairs, especially serious involvements in political issues. This was seen as a huge and major problem that caused feminism to be resuscitated. Feminism is an intricate set of political ideologies adopted by the women's movement to improve women's equality at once abolishing any form of social oppression and sexist theory. One of the dominant contemporary sociological theories is the feminist theory which evaluates the status of women and men in society and using the knowledge for the betterment of women's lives. Feminist theorists also question the differences between women, including how different aspects such as age, race, ethnicity, class, sexuality and nationality intersect with gender. Feminist theory is most concerned of providing women the well deserved opportunity to voice out and highlighting women's countless various contributions to society. All of the feminist perspectives argue that women's oppression in society is getting uncontrollable and disorderly, however; the differences in their clarifying of the

Where traditional socio-political thought has been beset with reasonable challenges throughout the evolution of the feminist discourse, this essay will contend that unreasonable aspersions have been cast upon masculinity. While it is important to acknowledge the horrific history of female oppression, it would be progressive if masculinity could be disassociated with patriarchy: recognising that men have also been profoundly damaged by traditional socio-political thought. In acknowledgment of the fruitlessness of debating whose oppression has been more severe, as the answer is blatant, it is about time to draw attention to issues of masculinity -in attempt to discount the lie that 'men are oppressed.' In doing so, the first part of this essay will assess the development of feminist theory, its relationship with masculinity & effects on the traditional socio-political discourse. From this, the second part of this essay will offer insights into men & masculinities, specifically highlighting issues of subordinated masculinities, as well as briefly discussing gender construction & the negative implications of the male privilege

Visual Culture & Gender, 2019

Feminist research seeks to dismantle oppressive hierarchical power structures and to build equitable platforms for dialogue and working together toward caring for each other and the planet. Feminist research concerns issues of power and privilege. Linda Åhäll (2018), honorary Fellow in International Relations at Keele University in the U.K., conveys the core of feminist research in stating: "What makes research feminist is not limited to analyses of 'women' or perhaps even gender … Feminist research questions are about power and how the world works through power structures" (p. 12). Feminist research exposes hierarchical structures that maintain constricting gender norms, privilege, and dominating forms of power. Privilege from a feminist perspective is when specific identity markers provide advantages that are not related to accomplishments or anything that a person has done. Feminist intersectional research exposes how systems of power and privilege converge to disadvantage groups marginalized by those with privilege and power. Gender is a lived experience, socially constructed, and political in affordances of privilege and power. Gender is both lived and symbolic relationships of privilege and power in terms of recognition, agency, and access to education, healthcare, and employment free from sexual harassment and discriminatory biases. Feminist art and feminist art pedagogy are creative resistance and cultural production that talks back to patriarchy by dismantling patriarchal hierarchical systems privileging men.

Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks, 2023

International and Public Affairs, 2021

The ideology and practice of patriarchy and female dominance in the twenty first century constitute a major impediment to women's enhancement and progress. This study unveils the origins, meanings, nature, implications, and perspectives of patriarchic societies on the female gender and how these aspects influence their attitudes and development. Various forms of economic, political, social, and religious discrimination were generated against women from the past decades till present day. The forms of domination range from male children preference to female children, household chores, food distribution, unequal educational opportunities, wife battering, sexual harassment, discrimination on inheritance issues and ownership of property such as lands, houses, titles. It explores the experiences of women considered as victims of patriarchy and subordinates to men. It is of primordial necessity to understand why and how female domination and subordination manifests in order to ensure women's development systematically. Feminism could be understood from varied view points since there exist a multifaceted structure of feminisms. Feminism motivates and rekindles the anxiety for one to develop more interests on how female power mongers, especially, manifest their desires to occupy posts of responsibility, politically, socially, culturally, historically, and even economically. In brief, it balances the perennial needs, theoretical frameworks and creates a more enabling environment for the understanding and functioning of various structures of the society in a gendered pattern, since it advances from theory to practice. Patriarchy is one of the setbacks for women's progress in the society, since it guarantees absolute power for men in particular and establishes an inferior status for the female gender as a whole.

Why do we know so little about gender and politics in the Middle East? Most obviously, few women were elected to office in the Arab world until recently, limiting the study of women in formal politics. In Morocco, the first female was elected to the lower house in 1993, while in Saudi Arabia, women first ran for office—in municipal elections—in 2015. Systematic data on politics has also been historically scant, making the study of women's informal participation, such as voting and civil society activities, also difficult. The Middle East tends to contribute less to comparative politics than have other regions, and so, it is unsurprising that little is known about a sometimes marginalized, though sizeable area of political science—gender and politics—in the Arab region. In a working paper, Marwa Shalaby and I discuss these and other reasons the Middle East lags behind in its contribution to gender and politics literature. We also summarize insights from new avenues of research which are transforming the ways we think about gender relations within and beyond the Arab world. In this memo, I discuss another barrier: the need for improved conceptualization and measurement of patriarchy. I argue that political scientists under-conceptualize patriarchy and fail to draw on existing feminist theory.1 By better engaging with feminist theorists such as Kandiyoti (1988), who conceptualized gender relations as a " patriarchal bargain, " and Sadiqi (2008), who distinguished private and public patriarchy, political scientists can better explain mechanisms promoting women's empowerment.

CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2020

"A Feminist is anyone who recognizes the equality and full of humanity of women and men" Feminism has been a part of our life since the 18 th century, either directly or indirectly. Women have always faced issues of inequality and dominance for a very long time. And this inequality and injustice led to Feminist movements. We had the first wave of feminism during the 18 th century after which we had the second and the third waves. We are currently witnessing the fourth wave. Each wave had different issues which were tackled. But in the modern days feminism has gotten a bad name, which can attributed because of various reasons such as the unawareness of the term feminism and what it actually stands for. In our research paper we have looked into the idea that whether people are aware about the term feminism in its correct definition or there is a different idea and what can be done to promote feminism in a positive way.

78 considering the role of men in gender agenda setting: conceptual and policy issues Yakin Ertürk abstract The international gender equality agenda evolved into one of mainstreaming a gender perspective into all policies and programmes. Within this process, the role of men gained increasing attention in the debates on gender equality. This resulted in the inclusion of 'men's role' as one of the themes of the agenda of the Commission on the Status of Women for the year 2004. While this is another step forward in the global efforts for achieving equality between women and men, its potential risks should not be overlooked. Therefore, it is necessary to revisit the concept of gender and carefully assess and monitor how the role of men is included in the agenda. This article starts with the premise that gender inequalities are the product of historically determined gender order in which the differentially assigned male female attributes are unequally structured in layers of privileged and subordinate positions of masculinities and femininities. The concept of patriarchy is brought back into the analysis to capture the interlinkages between the various status hierarchies that lead to shifts in hegemonic forms of masculinity that reproduces itself under diverse and changing conditions. Thus, while the article attempts to account for the generic and universal characteristics of gender inequality, at the same time, it draws attention to its specific socio-cultural manifestations. Finally, policy guidelines are offered for the consideration of the role of men in gender agenda setting. Accordingly, it is suggested that men's initiatives for alternative masculinities are acknowledged and that the questions regarding which men, in what kinds of alliances and for which end are reflected upon in formulating policies. keywords patriarchy; gender order; masculinities; femininities; paradigm; UN Commission on the Status of Women feminist review 78 2004 (3-21) c 2004 Feminist Review. 0141-7789/04 $30 www.feminist-review.com