ХАНТЕПА - НЕИЗВЕСТНЫЙ КУЛЬТОВО-МЕМОРИАЛЬНЫЙ КОМПЛЕКС ЮЖНОГО СОГДА

История материальной культуры Узбекистана, 2019

Memorial and religious buildings are a specific type of building in architecture dating back to very specific types that have been continuously developing for a long time. By the period of the early Middle Ages in Sogd and its adjacent territories (Tokharistan, Ustrushana, Chach), certain types of cult architecture developed. Nowadays, in many cities of early medieval Sogd, religious buildings were studied. But it should be noted that in addition to large cities and their districts, religious buildings were also built in rural settlements and the most important trading points. This article is devoted to the scientific analysis of one of such monuments of South Sogd - Khantepa.

Abstract. In 2010–2012, a south-eastern entrance complex and a landing stage were discovered in the Bactrian fortress Kampyrtepa. A fi rst sample of ancient infrastructure of the bridge across the Oxus (Amu Darya) was recovered. A pier had functioned from the foundation of the settlement Kampyrtepa in the fi rst third of the 3rd century BC. In 2015 a new archaeological evidence was found. It is the entrance part of a large-scale Early Hellenistic construction No. 36 (a shelter) bordering with the territory of southeast pier. There were no other constructions in those times. The entrance complex of the fortress was build here in the 1st century BC – in the fi rst half of the 1st century BC. It was composed of a tower situated on the top terrace and the two-level platform representing a pier on the lower natural terrace. A courtyard was located at the fi rst level of a terrace. Newcomers and people crossed the river stayed there for a short time. Most probably, they expected here an order on their further location in the fortress. Waiting people could visit shops located at the second level of the terrace to buy bread, water, wine and meat. Besides, after all adventures they could sacrifi ce to gods and the Deity of Oxus in gratitude for a safe crossing the river. We suppose that the order on pier could be maintained by a guard composed of two-three soldiers who took cover in a small cave in a hill slope. During the rule of Kanishka I in the beginning of the 2nd century AD “the lower city” of Kampyrtepa was surrounded with a wall and eleven towers. The southeast tower of an entrance complex was a part of this fortifi cation. Large-scale reconstruction was made on the lower part of the entrance complex at this time. The southeast entrance complex was intensively used until the end of Kampyrtepa in the middle of the 2nd century AD.

ХОТЕЛ „ЯНТРА“ - ВЕЛИКО ТЪРНОВО ОБРАЗЕЦ НА МОДЕРНИЗМА - В: НОВИ ПРОЧИТИ , 2021

HOTEL "YANTRA" - VELIKO TARNOVO - A MODEL OF MODERNISM The subject of our research is "Representative Hotel" Yantra "in Veliko Tarnovo, designed and built immediately after the debunking of the cult of personality and the so-called" Socialist Realism ", in the 50s of the twentieth century, in the style of" Organic Architecture “of Frank Lloyd Wright. The aim is to trace the gradual establishment of this architectural object as a model of one of the stylistic trends of modernism after the Second World War in Bulgaria. First, a brief description is given of the temporal context, which includes the ideological context of the cult of personality, the notion of socialist realism; formalism and decoration; as well as criticisms and discussions on the stylistic paradigm; Then we move on to the description and value characteristics of the architectural object and its interpretation over time: when accepting and discussing the project in 1957; in the realization of the project and the publications about it in the 1960s; and interpretation of the values of the object 20 years after its commissioning - in the 70s of the twentieth century. Finally, a comparative analysis of the architectural characteristics of the Yantra Hotel with the basic postulates of the organic architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright is performed, which proves the place of this object in the history of modern Bulgarian architecture. Key words: socialist realism; modernism; organic architecture; Yantra Hotel; Veliko Tarnovo;

The Cult of the Skull in the Funeral Practice of the pit-grave Culture of the Volga-Ural Interfluves. There was an attempt to research the question about the role of the cult of the skull in the society of the pit-grave culture's tribes in the article on the base of the funeral monuments of the pit-grave culture of the Volga-Ural. In the research a special attention is paid to the burials of the individual skulls in a grave on the pedestals and also to different posthumous decorations of skulls and trepanations.The analysis of these ritual actions will allow the author to reconstruct some aspects of religious-philosophical sphere of the pit-grave culture's society and their influence on the social structure and social relations of the pit culture. Key words: Volga-Ural Interfluves, pit-grave culture, spiritual culture, religion, rite, cult, social structure. Faizullin Airat, Postgraduate, Department of Russian History.

Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, 2022

Бусько С.И. Городской досуг: яхт-клубы в социально-культурном пространстве белорусских губерний в конце XIX-начале ХХ в.

Форми на интерактивно дигитално изкуство в архитектурата от края на 90-те години на 20 век до днесвъзможни развития Автореферат на дисертационен труд за присъждане на образователната и научна степен "доктор" Ръководител проф. д-р Боян Добрев София, 2017 г.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN THE MODERN WORLD, 2022

Объект исследования – архаические ритуалы аграрных культов, инкорпорированные в христианскую традицию почитания мученицы Агаты, на примере весеннего обряда коммуны Сант'Агата-ди-Пулья, провинции Фоджа, региона Апулия. Предметом являются обрядовые пресные хлебцы выполненные в форме грудей святой, ежегодно освящаемые в храме. Источником для статьи послужил материал полевого этнографического исследования. Целью работы является фиксация и научное осмысление регионального обряда. Комплексный подход, использование метода непосредственного наблюдения, сравнительно-исторический анализ, задействование археологических, исторических источников, выявляет элементы духовной культуры прошлого в обрядах современности. Интерпретация народного обычая позволяет прийти к выводам об архаическом наследии, проявляющем пережитки ранних форм религии культа природы и плодородия. Научный интерес представляет концепция ритуала, которая выражает материнский аспект священнодействия. Посредством вкушения сакрального женского хлеба, верующие приобщаются к таинству религии, подобно обрядам евхаристии, однако с преобладанием материнского начала. Научное объяснение христианского церемониала раскрывает комплекс религиозных представлений, основанных на циклах природы и является одним из проявлений магии плодородия.

2019

The article analyzes the ways chronotope is created in German Expressionist films of the 1920s and does it with the view to highlight their connection with the socio-cultural and historical situation of the period by using the concepts proposed by K. Jaspers and J. Ortega y Gasset. The author focuses on the techniques used by directors for constructing expressionist film reality. At the foundation of all these techniques lies spatio-temporal schematism or chronotope. The article proposes a certain approach to studying films as “documents” and gives a new perspective for looking at expressionist films as an artistic project of creating “symbolic cinematography”; as a way of reflecting upon the cultural breakdown that occurred in this period; as the historical imaginary, in which elements of the modern socio-psychological situation of society are expressed. Key words: cinema, film expressionism, constructing, chronotope, temporality, cinematic reality, film theory, time situation, cin...

МИНЕРАЛОГИЯ ТЕХНОГЕНЕЗА , 2019

Microbial communities of «moon milk» are presented by oligotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria (including species belonging to genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, denitrification bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, bacteria metabolizing organic acids and capable to form alkaline barrier) as well as micromycetes. Deposition of carbonate calcium crystals was observed in matrix of some bacterial colonies forming at in vitro anaerobic cultivation of bacterial communities from «moon milk» and soil of cave massif in media containing sodium and calcium salts of organic acids. Most intense yielding of crystals is observed in nutritional media containing malic and amber acids as carbon and energy sources. In comparison with soil bacteria, bacteria presented in «moonmilk» more capable to deposit crystals of calcium carbonate of diverse morphology in bacterial matrix and around of bacterial colonies.