WSN hierarchical routing protocol taxonomy

2018

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is designed with tiny sensor-nodes with high sensing capacity, computation power, and wireless communications capabilities and also mobility.In WSN, the nodes are capable of restricted area of transmission and their processing as well as their energy resources is also limited. Many routing protocols were specially designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential working issue. The routing protocols which might dependon the application and network architecture are focused. In this paper, we present a survey of the routing techniques in several hierarchical protocols of WSN. We first outline the features, design issues, advantages and challenges for hierarchical routing protocols in WSNs followed by a comprehensive survey of different routing techniques. Furthermore, these protocols are classified based on several properties of routing and then a comparative table is developed depending on key features and parameters of routing protocols.

The recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to the development of many new protocols where energy supply, computational capacity and communication bandwidth are essential considerations. As the sensor networks are application dependent, a single routing protocol cannot be efficient for all the applications. There are many existing protocols and techniques which are used in wireless sensor network. The sensor nodes have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are also limited. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication under these conditions. This paper surveys on recent hierarchical routing protocols for the wireless sensor networks, compares them with respect to some properties and explains their strengths and limitations. The six main categories discussed in this paper belong to the hierarchical routing protocol.

2013

Recent advances in wireless sensor networks introduce many protocols specially designed for sensor networks. These protocols aim to lower energy consumption. Energy efficiency has been known as the most important problem in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communications capabilities. Wireless Sensor Networks have the limitations such as energy source, memory size and processing power. Therefore, developing an energy efficient routing protocol is an interested research work in this field. The usefulness/ effectiveness of any protocol depend on how well its parameters are set for a particular application. The routing protocols in sensor networks could be classified into three categories: flat based, hierarchical based and location based routing. In this paper we present a comparative study of hierarchical based routing protocols that comes under the classification we highlighted for wireless sensor...

The past few years have experienced animmense increase in the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in various applications such as disaster management, border protection and security surveillance. Sensor nodes are expected to be remotely deployed in large numbers, operate autonomously in an unattended environment and they run out of energy very quickly. Hierarchical cluster-based routing protocols are one of the most efficient WSN routing protocols due to their higher energy efficiency and network scalability. In cluster-based routing protocols entire network is divided into varied clusters each with a cluster head (CH) that is used for data aggregation and transmission, and other non CH nodes are used for data sensing. The basic issue with clustering is selection of CH and management of clusters. So, several cluster-based routing protocols have been proposed in the recent past. In this paper, we have conducted a specificsurvey of hierarchical cluster-based routing protocols discussing how they reduce energy consumption and improve network life time.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) gives low cost solutions to various real world problems. WSN consists of autonomous sensors located at distance to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as sound, vibration, pressure, temperature, motion or pollutants and to cooperatively transfer their data through the network to a main location. The energy balancing for nodes is an important factor in wireless sensor networks. Energy consumption is an essential design issue in WSNs. Thus, many routing, power management and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs. Designing energy-efficient routing mechanism to extend the overall network lifetime has become most important. So this paper studies the different hierarchical routing protocols.

Latest research on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)bring forward multiple routing protocols in literature. These protocols enhance network life time and improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of the underlying network. In this paper, we discussvarious protocols in the aforementioned context. The main focus of our research is on cluster-based hierarchical routing protocol,which are examined and comparedfrom several aspects and characteristic. In this paper, we also discuss General Self-Organized Tree Based Energy-Balanced Routing Protocol (GSTEB). This protocol creates a routing tree in which the roots are being selected by the base station which broadcasts its information to all the nodes in the network and selects their respective parents by using a specific criteria.

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2012

https://www.ijert.org/a-review-of-hierarchical-networks-routing-protocols-in-wireless-sensor-networks https://www.ijert.org/research/a-review-of-hierarchical-networks-routing-protocols-in-wireless-sensor-networks-IJERTV1IS10476.pdf Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a collection of sensor nodes with capability of sensing various types of environmental and physical conditions, data processing and provide wireless communication. The most important feature of routing protocol, in order to be efficient for WSNs, is the energy consumption and extension of the network's lifetime. Wireless network are highly dependent on specific application and have a limited transmission range, and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are also limited. In this paper, we give a survey and analyze different hierarchical based routing protocols for wireless sensor networks and compare them based on various characteristics.

2015 2nd International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development (INDIACom), 2015

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation and communications capabilities. Due to the limited processing power, and finite power available to each sensor node, regular ad hoc routing techniques cannot be directly applied to sensor networks domain. Thus, energy-efficient routing algorithms suitable to the inherent characteristics of WSNs are required. The hierarchical routing protocols for WSNs are considered energy efficient. Therefore, in the present paper, a comprehensive survey of hierarchical routing protocols for Wireless sensor networks has been presented. Another striking feature of the present exposition is the inclusion of hierarchical routing protocols for linear sensor networks which is an important subclass of wireless sensor networks.

A Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of many devices like sensor nodes, a power unit, processing and storage element etc. A normal routing protocols cannot be used in WSNs because of the internal characteristics of WSNs that distinguishes it from other wireless networks. Recent years it has been observed a lot of advancement in wireless communication technology. Implementation of efficient system in a multidisciplinary research such as WSNs is becoming very difficult task.Cluster-based routing provides certain advantages like scalability, increased network lifetime and efficient data aggregation. Routing protocols are classified into four groups: Data centric and flat architecture, Hierarchical, Location based and finally Quality of Service (QoS) based protocols. In this paper we discuss the design issues in hierarchical routing protocols for WSNs by considering its various dimensions and metrics such as Energy consumption, Scalability, Addressing, Robustness, Topology, Mobility, Power Usage, Traffic and QoS. This paper presents a comparative study for different hierarchical routing protocols for WSNs, which are analyzed and compared based on performance parameters, and finally summarizes the problems of routing protocols along with their limitations.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2017

The Wireless sensor network (WSN) is the renowned name in the area of research due to the large possibilities of sensor networks to provide many fields such as military applications, health monitoring, environmental monitoring etc. The recent WSN technology has given the receptiveness of tiny and cheaper cost sensor nodes with capability of sensing various types of rural, dangerous environmental conditions, integrated circuit technologies, distributed signal processing, data processing, wireless communications, Ad-hoc networking routing protocols, micro electro-mechanical systems technology, , nano technology, microprocessor hardware, and embedded systems have made the concept of Wireless Sensor Network. Sensor network nodes are restricted with respect to energy supplying, limited computational power and communication bandwidth. So the main aim is to design effective and energy based protocol to increase the network lifetime. In WSN, the sensor nodes have a little transmission range, their processing and storage capacity and aslo their energy resources are limited. In this paper, we have given a survey of routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Network with their advantages and limitations and also analyzed the design issues of sensor networks. These classifications of protocols are done based on the energy efficiency, data-centric, hierarchical and location based depending on the network structure. Some of these criteria are further detailed classified. We have also emphasized some extending characteristics of some protocols. The design challenges of WSN are also discussed with its application area.