Improving the writing of research papers: IMRAD and beyond

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, 2019

Scientific writing in English started in the 14th century. Human beings have been able to communicate for thousands of years. Yet scientific communication as it is today is relatively new. It was only 300 years ago that the first journals were published. Writing is the most vital means for communicating scientific work. It helps document and communicate ideas, activities and findings to others. Good writing can be beneficial to scientists in a number of ways. In this article we have discussed the basic overview and principles of scientific writing.

Scientists and researchers communicate their research results one to another through scientific articles. These articles are generally published in scientific journals or presented in conferences. To make the communication efficient and effective, the articles must be presented coherently and logically. This can be realized through the use of the format commonly used in scientific articles. This paper describes the structure of scientific articles that are commonly used to communicate the results of research, known as AIMReDCaR (Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Result, Conclusion, and References). Discussions are focused on the scientific article features and guidelines for writing each section.

Scientists and researchers communicate their research results one to another through scientific articles. These articles are generally published in scientific journals or presented in conferences. To make the communication efficient and effective, the articles must be presented coherently and logically. This can be realized through the use of the format commonly used in scientific articles. This paper describes the structure of scientific articles that are commonly used to communicate the results of research, known as AIMReDCaR (Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Result, Conclusion, and References). Discussions are focused on the scientific article features and guidelines for writing each section.

Problems of Education in the 21st Century, ISSN 1822-7864, 2019

Writing and publishing scientific articles (research, review, position etc. articles) are referred to as responsible academic activities. Any scientist/researcher is somehow involved in scientific writing. Thus, this is a technique assisting the researcher with demonstrating individual performance. Most of the main scientific/research journals are published in English, and therefore scientific information is made internationally available by a wide audience and actually becomes accessible to every scientist and/or researcher. On the other hand, a valid point is that scientific/research journals are published in different national languages. Nevertheless, it should be noted that science policy has recently become one-dimensional and resulting in a blind orientation towards support for scientific/research journals published in English. As noted by Poviliunas and Ramanauskas (2008), national languages face a legitimate risk of becoming domesticated and to one degree or another being excluded from scientific, cultural, education and public areas of life. However, this is material for another discussion. Still, every researcher finds relevant to properly prepare a scientific article, i.e. describe the conducted research and publish the obtained results. The previous editorial attempts were made to discuss the fundamental structural elements of the scientific/research article, including the title, summary and keywords (Lamanauskas, 2019). This time, efforts are exerted to share certain insights and gained experience in writing the introduction to the article.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2016

Notes Académiques de l'Académie d'agriculture de France Academic Notes from the French Academy of Agriculture (N3AF) Enseignement Résumé : Un article où Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier présente ses résultats sur la confection des bouillons de viande est l'occasion de mieux voir les progrès méthodologiques effectués en communication scientifique par les sciences de la nature. C'est également l'occasion de discuter la question de "bonnes pratiques scientifiques".

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2022

Scientific writing is a technical form of writing that is designed to communicate scientific information to other scientists. Scientific writing is predicated on the rigors of scientific inquiry; therefore, it must reflect the same precision as that demanded in the research process. Successful scientific writing depends on the individual writer’s projection of a shared professional context. Writers seek to embed their writing in a particular social world which they reflect and conjure up through approved discourses. The objective of scientific writing is to record data and all ideas which must be supported by evidence, with appropriate citations of the source of the evidence. This paper therefore looks at introduction to scientific writing, types of scientific writing and their styles. This is underscored by the fact that without a written record of the findings and observations of researchers, no proof exists that any research was conducted. Scientific writing should build on and extend prior research. Becoming familiar with existing scientific literature is a crucial first step in planning. In fine understanding the criteria of doing good scientific research is key for communicating your findings in a clear and interesting fashion focusing on the subject matter.

European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine, 2020

This is Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. This article is an instructive guide on scientific writing and successful publication. It was inspired by professor Zbigniew Wszołek's keynote lecture (presented on May 28, 2019 at the Medical University of Gdańsk) on the subject How to write and publish a scientific paper? How to start writing? When writing the manuscript, one may choose to write in the following order: results, methods and materials, introduction, discussion, conclusion and the abstract. In this way, the author is 'forced' to analyze

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014

Publishing manuscripts is the only way by which scientists communicate with each other. In recent times, there is an increasing desire to publish manuscripts from the developing world for a variety of reasons. Though, performing a research study is challenging in itself, writing it for publication is the final frontier that can be daunting, especially for the novice. Work that remains unpublished in one form or the other is essentially incomplete or undone. Hence, it is critically important for one to publish one's findings in a reputed journal. The purpose of this paper is to alleviate the mystique involved in manuscript writing and provide a blueprint where the subheadings given under each of the sections of introduction, methods, results and discussion can be expanded as per the particular study and the manuscript can be constructed in a stepwise manner. We hope that by following this approach, potential researchers and practicing ophthalmologists will develop the skill and aptitude for medical writing, and that the developing world shall do justice to its tremendous intellectual capital by making meaningful contributions to global scientific literature.

Write with precision, clarity and economy. Every sentence should convey the exact truth as simply as possible." Instructions to Authors Ecology 19 64 ScientiÞc research demands precision. ScientiÞc writing should reßect this precision in the form of clarity. Unfortunately, a glance at almost any scientiÞc journal will reveal that the above-stated ideal is often not attained in the real world of scholarly publication. Indeed, many of the accusations by non-scientiÞsts of "obscurity" and "elitism" within the scientiÞc community probably originate in the sad fact that many scientists are not capable of expressing their hypotheses and conclusions clearly and simply. Fortunately, much of the confusion can be eliminated if writing is considered part of the pretentiousness. In practical terms, the Þrst of those two suggestions implies that as much effort and consideration should be given to the organization of the paper as was given to the execution of the study, and the second implies that the writer should employ crisp sentences not cluttered with excess verbiage. The purpose of this handout is to help you achieve your goals. This argument may seem more compelling if we look at it in terms of dollars. Much is spent to perform research, and the publication is the distillate of that expensive work, all that will survive and communicate what was learned. Moreover, the scientist pays to have papers published, currently $50 per page for many journals. If the content is not clear, the research will be lost, and the money spent to perform it was wasted. If the text is verbose, the author will pay dearly in page charges. Do not consider the following guidelines as unbreakable rules. The particular format and style adopted for a given paper depend upon both the nature of the report and the journal or other publication in which the paper is to be published. For our purposes, we will use the format of Ecology, the publication of the Ecological Society of America; refer to recent issues as models. All journals publish "Instructions to Authors" annually in one of the issues. In other words, there is often more than one "correct" way of doing something, depending on your intentions. However, the practices adopted here are straightforward and intuitively simple. You are advised to become familiar with details of organization, section headings, methods of data presentation, and ways of citing and listing references by examining recent papers in any well-established scientiÞc journal. 1. the purpose of the study (the central question); 2. a brief statement of what was done (Methods); 3. a brief statement of what was found (Results); 4. a brief statement of what was concluded (Discussion, in part).