Irrational beliefs

The Journal of psychology, 2001

2019

Irrational beliefs affect individuals' emotions and behaviors from the first stages of their lives and this effect continues throughout their lives. The aim of this study was to investigate irrational beliefs in adults in terms of various variables. This study is a descriptive study performed in survey design. . The study working group is consisted of the adults living in Samsun, Turkey. In the study, it was concluded that irrational beliefs do not differentiate significantly according to gender. This study was reached, 235 adult individuals aged between 27 and 50. 132 (56.17%) participants were female and 103 (43.83%) were male. The irrational beliefs of the participants were examined according to gender, age and education level. The data were collected by the Rational Beliefs Scale and personal information form. SPSS package program was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by t test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Analysis. According to study, there is a significant diffe...

Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1978

Nonassertive individuals completed a measure of Ellis's irrational beliefs. Subjects were then divided into a high-endorsement and a low-endorsement group. Subjects who endorsed the irrational beliefs were observed to be less assertive and described themselves as more uncomfortable when role-playing assertion situations. In addition, the high-endorsement group described themselves as less frequently assertive in real life and as far more uncomfortable when confronted with assertion situations. Discussion focused on the specific irrational beliefs endorsed by nonassertive subjects.

Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies

An important question that cognitive-behavioral and rational-emotive therapy (CBT/REBT) needs to address concerns the organization and the nature of cognitions we refer to as irrational beliefs (IBs). Some authors argue that IBs are evaluative (hot) cognitions and as such, they should be linked to appraisal theory, while others argue that IBs are organized as schemas (cold cognitions), and should be related to schema theory. The three studies in the present article address the issue of the nature of IBs, using schema theory as a research tool. Our findings indicate that whereas demandingness (DEM) and global evaluation/self-downing (GE/SD) seem to be organized as schemas (study 2), awfulizing/catastrophizing (AWF) (study 1) and frustration intolerance (FI) (study 3) can be better conceptualized in terms of appraisal. In addition, DEM seems to be strongly associated with GE/SD, AWF, and FI; this finding supports the CBT/REBT assumption about DEM being the core irrational belief.

Journal of Rational-emotive & Cognitive-behavior Therapy, 2002

The 50-item Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI) was developed in the Netherlands for the assessment of irrational thinking. The IBI was derived from the Rational Behavior Inventory (RBI) and the Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT). The present study was designed to assess the applicability of the IBI in a different cultural context. The IBI was administered to a non-clinical sample in the USA; scores were consistent with Dutch findings and support the utility of the English language version of the IBI.

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012

According to the theory advanced by Albert Ellis the emotional disorders are based on the individual tendency to make rigid assessments of his experiences or absolutist assumptions of the events he lived. The study aims the dynamics of the irrational beliefs in a sample of 62 adults (M=39.6; SD=8.77) and the correlations between the irrational and rational beliefs and different aspects of the personality and self-acceptance.

Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2017

The Attitudes and Belief Scale-2 (ABS-2) developed in the late 1980s, is a measure of Ellis' irrational and rational beliefs. Although no publication has described the instrument and it has only appeared in conference presentations, many researchers have used the ABS-2 to test REBT. This article describes the development of the ABS-2 and the original research on its psychometric properties. The scale has three factors that represent 24 different cells in a 4 9 2 9 3 factorial model. The first factor, Cognitive Processes, reflects Ellis' concepts of Demandingness, Awfulizing, Frustration Intolerance, and Self-Downing. The second factor covers irrationally worded items versus rationally worded items. The rationally worded items were written to counter the irrational beliefs. The third factor includes content or life themes about which the person could be concerned, and includes Achievement, Affiliation, and Comfort. The ABS-2 generates a Total Score, a Total Irrationality Score, a Total Rationality score, and Scales scores representing each of the four Cognitive Processes domains and each of the three Content domains. The ABS-2 scores demonstrate adequate to excellent internal consistency, and correlate significantly with measures of depression, anxiety, life satisfaction, selfcontrol, well-being, and measures of internalizing personality disorders. The ABS-2 did not Russell Leaf: Deceased.

Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1999

Three studies were undertaken to develop andvalidate a shortened measure of irrational thinkingbased on Bernard's version of the General Attitude andBelief Scale (GABS). In experiment 1 the responses of 356 participants were analyzed to derive 26items from the 55 items of the GABS to form theshortened General Attitude and Belief Scale (SGABS).Experiment 2 established that correlations between the subscales of

Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 1990

Burgess' Attitude and Belief Scale, a measure of Ellis' irrational beliefs, was administered to a large sample of outpatients. All 13 subscales demonstrate very adequate internal consistency. A factor analysis yielded one factor accounting for 83% of the variance, which was labeled "irrationality". Clients endorsed "focused" items more than "overgeneralized" items, "self-referential items more than "non-self-referential" items, and "preferential" items more than "irrational" items. Clients also received higher scores on the irrational process of demandingness than they did on the irrational process of awfulizing, self-worth and low frustration tolerance. The results were consistent with new formulations in Rational-Emotive theory. Suggestions were made for the construction of measures of irrational beliefs.

Scientific Research Publishing, 2010

Irrational beliefs play a central role in cognitive theory and therapy; they have been shown to be related to a variety of disorders such as depression and anxiety. Irrational beliefs, which can be assessed via clinical interviewing techniques, are frequently assessed by self-report measures, both clinically and for research purposes. Much of the research demonstrating the effect of irrational beliefs has utilized such measures. The present article reviews the empirical work on irrational beliefs assessment and identifies 25 scales and techniques. The measures are organized according to their theoretical affiliation (i.e., either the Ellis or Beck model), with the goal of providing investigators a source to identify the available tests, their shortcomings, and potential applications. The authors conclude with recommendations which would strengthen empirical cohesion and precision in the measurement of irrational beliefs.