Jung's "Psychology with the Psyche" and the Behavioral Sciences

This paper arguea that Jung intentionally positioned his psychological theory in a liminal space between and inclusive of science and spirituality, while he performed the roles of both doctor and spiritual master. Jung formulated his psychological theory as a solution to his era’s social malaise, which many people believed stemmed from the rupture between faith and reason. Jung sought to build a bridge between science and spirituality through psychology by drawing on certain streams of thought in religion, science and spirituality in his day. The religious view he embraced was that of a “religionswissenschaftliche Religiosität,” which scholar of religions Hiroshi Kubota describes as a “religiously marked intellectuality” that developed due to the “‘scientific’ reflection on religion,” one informed by Enlightenment, Romantic, and liberal Protestant ideas. The scientific perspective with which Jung agreed was that held by holistic scientists, who sought to restore to life a sense of ultimate meaning that was grounded in science. Finally, the spirituality which Jung incorporated into his psychological theory was a Protestant-based, Germanic-inflected form of self-redemption. Formulated by members of the intellectual middle class, this new spirituality reflected their own self-identities as autonomous modern individuals, removed from kin networks and class restrictions. Seen as a completion of the Reformation begun by Martin Luther, self-redemption was touted as a form of spirituality specific to people of Germanic stock. It was within this nexus of ideas about science and spirituality that Jung formulated his psychological perspective. A much expanded version of this paper can be found in ch. 3 of my book, "Jung's Wandering Archetype: Race and Religion in Analytical Psychology” (Routledge 2016).

International Journal of Jungian Studies

Two tendencies co-exist within the field of analytical psychology. The first is to locate Jung’s psychology within the established bounds of official science (by for example insisting on its implicit consistency with orthodox scientific findings). The second is to make claims that Jung’s psychology is extra- (or super-) scientific. It seems to me however that neither approach can do justice to the difficulty of the problem Jung has set us. In order to develop a third approach I place Jung’s problematic engagement with science into a creative encounter with the philosophical ideas of Deleuze & Guattari. The French philosophers distinguish two contrasting ways of doing science: “Royal” or “state” science privileges the fixed, stable and constant. “Nomad” or “minor” science emphasizes the malleable, fluid, and metamorphic nature of being. These are not alternatives but “ontologically, a single field of interaction” (Deleuze & Guattari, A Thousand Plateaus, p. 367). When it comes to Jun...

Journal of Analytical Psychology, 2019

Suppose that in opening your mail today, you were to find a postcard announcing a series of lectures to be given live somehow by C. G. Jung on the historical development of psychology as an intellectual discipline. This is not far from the actual experience that the Philemon Foundation has given us with the publication of this set of sixteen public lectures that Jung gave in 1933-1934 at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (known by its German acronym ETH). Reconstructed to preserve Jung's voice from contemporary shorthand transcriptions and other materials, the lectures have been seamlessly edited by Ernst Falzeder, who provides a brilliant introduction and thorough notes that unlock all of Jung's passing references and correct all his little mistakes in a way that rescues Jung even from himself. And for this first, definitive English edition, the translators have attended to how Jung must have sounded in the original German. These lectures convey an impression of a mature Jung speaking to an audience of his own countrymen about territories of the mind he had by then made his own. This was brave. Psychology had not been considered essential to the Germanborn medical psychiatry in which Jung was formally trained, and he was essentially on his own in his studies of psychology. Here we find him nevertheless willing to stake his claim as an expert in the field. The lectures served that purpose; the Swiss Federal Council granted him 'titulary professorship' in 1935 and Jung continued under that title at the ETH until 1941. (As the first in a series of eight volumes of the entire ETH lectures, this one begins with a generous foreword by Ulrich Hoerni describing 'C. G. Jung's Activities at ETH Zurich'. It also includes a definitive chronology of 'Events in Jung's Career' between 1933 and 1941, compiled by Falzeder, Martin Liebscher, and Sonu Shamdasani, and set against the 'World Events' that marked this period. It was a time when consciousness was stressed, and in this volume Jung demonstrates that he is wise enough to give ample attention to all the various objects of consciousness. In doing so, Jung finds not just mind, but mind's

Provides interested general readers with an overview of the scientific movements in the nineteenth century that led to Jung's emergence with analytical psychology and places his work in the context of important events in his life.

THE COLLECTED WORKS OF C. G. Jung, 1950

When these Collected Works were planned, during the late 1940's, in consultation with Professor Jung, the Editors set aside a brief final volume for "reviews, short articles, etc., of the psychoanalytic period, later introductions, etc., Bibliography of Jung's Writings, and General Index of the Collected Works." Now arriving at publication soon after Jung's centenary year, this collection of miscellany has become the most ample volume in the edition-and no longer includes the Bibliography and General Index, which have been assigned to volumes 19 and 20 respectively. Volume 18 now contains more than one hundred and thirty items, ranging in time from 1901, when Jung at 26 had just accepted his first professional appointment as an assistant at the Burghölzli, to 1961, shortly before his death. The collection, touching upon virtually every aspect of Jung's professional and intellectual interest during a long life devoted to the exegesis of the symbol, justifies its title, taken from a characteristic work of Jung's middle years, the seminar given to the Guild of Pastoral Psychology in London, 1939. This profusion of material is the consequence of three factors. After Jung retired from his active medical practice, in the early 1950's, until his death in June 1961, he devoted most of his time to writing: not only the longer works for which a place was made in the original scheme of the edition, but an unexpectedly large number of forewords to books by pupils and colleagues, replies to journalistic questionnaires, encyclopaedia articles, occasional addresses, and letters (some of which, because of their technical character, or because they were published elsewhere, are included in Volume 18 rather than in the Letters volumes). Of works in this class, Jung wrote some fifty after 1950. Secondly, research for the later volumes of the Collected Works, for the Letters (including The Freud/Jung Letters), and for the General Bibliography has brought to light many reviews, short articles, reports, etc., from the earlier years of Jung's career. A considerable run of psychiatric reviews from the years 1906-1910 was discovered by Professor Henri F. Ellenberger and turned over to the Editors, who wish to record their gratitude to him. Finally, the Jung archives at Küsnacht have yielded several manuscripts in a finished or virtually finished state, the earliest being a 1901 report on Freud's On Dreams. A related category of material embraces abstracts of lectures, evidently unwritten, the transcripts of which were not read and approved by Jung. The abstracts themselves have been deemed worthy of inclusion in this volume. "The Tavistock Lectures" and "The Symbolic Life" are examples of oral material to whose transcription Jung had given his approval. The former work has become well known as Analytical Psychology: Its Theory and Practice, under which title the present version was published in 1968. Around 1960, the Editors conceived the idea of adding to Volume 15, The Spirit in Man, Art, and Literature, some of the forewords that Jung had written for books by other persons, on the ground that these statements were an expression of the archetype of the spirit.

Kierkegaard’s Influence on the Social Sciences, ed. J. Stewart (Kierkegaard Research: Sources, Reception and Resources, Vol 13. Ashgate, London), 2011

Schopenhauer and Nietzsche 1) Jung eventually focussed on the study of medicine and went on to specialise in the then just emerging discipline of psychiatry. For a time (from 1907-1912) he was a close associate of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) but he broke away from Freudian Psychoanalysis and eventually became the founder of his own distinctive School, which he called "Analytical Psychology." Today, thousands of psychotherapists around the world have received an explicitly Jungian or 'post-Jungian' training, and many thousands more use Jungian methods and techniques without being so formally or exclusively committed to Jung's principles. Some Jungian ideas have become part of the general stock-in-trade of psychotherapy, without even always being recognised as Jungian in origin. 2 Widely used methods of personality testing, such as the Myers-Brigg test, are directly derived from Jung's psychological typology. And some 3 This is elaborated in C.G. Jung, Psychological Types, trans. by H.G. Baynes, revised by R.F.C. Hull, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971, pp. 330-407. (In referring to volumes in Jung's Collected Works I also include the volume number and the number of the relevant paragraph(s). So in this case: CW 6; paras. 556-671) 4 One sign of Jung's impact outside of therapeutic and academic contexts is that in 1967 he received the ultimate accolade of having his photo included in the montage of counter-cultural heroes that adorns the cover of the Beatles' Sgt Pepper album.

2019

The thesis falls into two parts. The first examines Jung’s two personalities, as described in his memoir, Memories, Dreams, Reflections. The argument is that Jung’s experience of the dynamic between the two personalities informs basic principles behind, first the development of Jung’s psychological model and second Jung’s entire mature psychology. It is suggested that what Jung took from this experience was the principle that psychological health required the avoidance of one-sidedness, achieved through the dynamic of the two personalities. This dynamic was thus central to Jung’s notion of individuation. In short, this required the individual to bring any one-sided position into tension with a conflicting ‘opposite’ position, in order that a third position could be achieved which transcended both of the earlier positions. The second part of the thesis utilises the conclusions of the first section to bring an internal critique to bear on Jung’s analytical psychology as enshrined in t...

Jung Journal, 2019

Jung’s Ethics: Moral Psychology and His Cure of Souls by Dan Merkur is the late scholar’s compelling journey into Jung’s psychology, worldview, and methods. Merkur, who sees Jung through a psychoanalytic lens, conducts an open-minded inquiry into many of Jung’s ethically relevant theoretical and clinical discoveries, including the phenomenon of “neurotic denial of guilt” and the thesis of the inborn foundations of morality. Although these ideas diverged from Freud’s conceptions, they also anticipated many future developments in psychoanalysis. The possibility of a convergence between the ethical views of Freud and Jung, via a critical comparison with Nietzsche, is also considered.