08 Manuel C. Gomez Criado

, 2015, Impacto del lixiviado generado en el relleno sanitario municipal de Linares (Nuevo León) sobre la calidad del agua superficial y subterránea: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 32, núm. 3, p. 514-526. RESUMEN La presente investigación trata sobre la calidad de las aguas natu-rales afectadas por la contaminación de los lixiviados originados en el relleno sanitario municipal (RSM) de la ciudad de Linares, Nuevo León., en el NE de México. El RSM cuenta con más de 17 años de servi-cio y recibe más de 50 ton/día de desechos sólidos urbanos. Se aplicaron métodos geológicos (perfiles geológico-estructurales), hidrogeológicos (cartas piezométricas) e hidrogeoquímicos (clasificación de calidad de agua y determinación de contaminantes) para identificar agentes exter-nos al medio natural. Se identificó un impacto negativo en la calidad del agua superficial (presa El Cinco) y del agua subterránea (pozos de agua) de acuerdo con normas ambientales nacionales e internacionales (NOM, WHO, US EPA). Los resultados revelan deficiencias en el mane-jo y depósito final de los residuos sólidos municipales (geomembrana desgarrada) y nula gestión de lixiviados (sobresaturación del RSM). En particular, se han identificado altas concentraciones de NO 3 , Pb, Mn y Fe en el agua subterránea y en escurrimientos superficiales que generan una importante contaminación del suelo y del agua, aspecto muy relevante si las personas de la región consumen agua contaminada procedente de pozos que puede ocasionar efectos nocivos en su salud. ABSTRACT This research deals with the quality of natural waters affected by pollution from leachate generated in the Municipal Landfill of Linares, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The Municipal Landfill of Linares has more than 17 years of service and receives more than 50 ton/day of municipal solid waste. Geological (geological structural profiles), hydrogeological (piezo-metric cards) and hydrogeochemical (water quality classification and determination of pollutants) methods were applied to identify external agents to the environment. A negative impact on the quality of surface water (dam El Cinco) and groundwater (wells) in accordance with national and international environmental standards (NOM, WHO, US EPA) were identified. The results reveal deficiencies in the management and final disposal of municipal solid waste (torn geomembrane) and null leachate management (oversaturation of the landfill). In particular, high concentrations of NO 3 , Pb, Mn and Fe in groundwater and surface runoff were identifying, which generate a significant contamination of soil and water; aspect very important if people in the region consume contaminated water from groundwater wells, that can cause harmful health effects.

Objective: To elaborate and validate a questionnaire to measure the concept of effective teaching in the dental clinic. Methods: An instrument with an integral approach of the educational evaluation was developed, considering the characteristics of the graduates. From literature review, a group of items that measure teaching effectiveness in dental clinic was generated, items considered more important by students and professors were selected. Also, the importance that students give to each item was measured. During the final application of the instrument 402 students participated, who filled 1,206 questionnaires, evaluating 86 professors. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated. Results: The different dimensions from effective dental clinical education scores were associated with global Indicators (p < 0.01), and together with the results of the factorial analysis, they indicate a strong validity criterion. The reliability was evaluated through examining internal consistency of the subscales with the general scale of the instrument (Cronbach alpha's = 0.9631). Conclusion: A valid and reliable instrument was developed to evaluate the professors in the dental clinic.

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