Structural Analysis of Bamboo Trusses Structure in Greenhouse

Building and Environment, 2006

This study was carried out to determine the structural and functional characteristics of the greenhouses in greenhouse enterprises of Turkey. Greenhouse enterprises are widely common along the Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean cost lines. Marmara region was selected as the study area since it is the pioneering region and has large areas allocated to greenhouses, and has various greenhouse types. Information about greenhouse types, material properties, placement, and arrangement of greenhouses in the study area was gathered by a questionnaire; then greenhouses in enterprises were divided into groups based on cover material, load bearing materials and directional placement. A total of four types of greenhouse with the most economic cross-section, one from each group, were selected and load acting on structural members of greenhouses were calculated. Loads acting on beams of each greenhouse were analysed by Force Method and Moment Distribution Method. The results obtained were compared statistically to determine the best methodology for structural analysis of greenhouses. As a result, no statistical difference was found between moments and shear forces obtained from both methods. However, a difference occurred based on greenhouse types and it was determined that the values obtained for trussed block greenhouse were higher than the other ones. r

While seeking new ways to build inexpensive and attractive shells, designers have increasingly been exploring shells and space structures made of guadua bamboo. Guadua bamboo poles, with their relatively low mass, high strength, and great axial and bending stiffness are promising linear building components for curved grid systems. Guadua bamboo is also a sustainable building material that can be easily harvested and deployed to construct economically efficient and elegant yet durable large span roofs. However, rigorous numerical structural analyses of bamboo are not common practice. Therefore, we present the structural analysis of two roofs consisting of a set of hyperbolic paraboloid (hypars) (designer Greta Tresserra, Colombia, 2015) that are planned in Cali, a region where the giant bamboo species Guadua Angustifolia grows abundantly. Additionally, a prototype hypar built in Austria (designers Greta Tressera and Tim Michiels, Austria, 2016) is presented as well.

Scientific Reports

In recent years, whole steel frame steel greenhouses have become increasingly prevalent. With the characteristics of large flexibility and small mass, whole steel frame steel greenhouses are sensitive to wind loads. However, studies on the safety of whole steel frame steel greenhouses under wind loads are still limited. In this study, a 10 m span whole steel frame solar greenhouse was taken as the research objective. Taking the Davenport spectrum as the target spectrum, the time history of the wind speed was simulated by the harmonic superposition method. The finite element model of the greenhouse structure was established using ANSYS software. The simulated wind pressure was applied on the greenhouse structure for dynamic response analysis. The dynamic response results were compared with the static analysis results under average wind load. The results showed that the greenhouse structure mainly bears bending stress under wind load. The bending stress, axial stress and displacement ...

2021

In responding to the demand for construction materials that are sustainable, eco-friendly, safe and cost effective, several researches were conducted and came up with recommendations including the use of alternative construction materials. In this regard bamboo is taken as one of the alternatives. In Ethiopia there are two bamboo species that are commonly referred as high land bamboo or scientifically as ‘Yushania alpina’ and low land bamboo or scientifically as ‘Oxythenantera abyssinica’. Both of which cover nearly 1.4 million ha of land. Due to their attributes including fast growth, regeneration rate, low cost and strength, different countries are using bamboo for building of different structures and other products like furniture. In order to use the material for construction uses, it is of vital importance that properties of bamboo are determined to explore its potential uses. In this paper Experimental analysis was carried out on high land bamboo culms collected from selected r...

This paper is related to a workshop implemented in Anadolu University, Faculty of Architecture and Design. The " Canopy Structure Design Workshop " lasts 4 weeks. The mentioned workshop was done with a group of 70 2nd year undergraduate students. 14 teams of 5 were made out of these students. They were asked to develop their projects with models. At the end of the process, the students made 14 canopy structures of wood with a 1:1 scale. Some of these are called Flexible Structure, Armadillo and Tensegrity. This study comprises the photographs and evaluations of the designs obtained at the end of the " Canopy Structure Design Workshop ". In the assertion is explained the positive and negative properties of these designs.

2021

Structural applications of indigenous materials such as bamboo are considered as an integral part of the sustainable development. In the study, the author has tried to analyze bamboo wall framed structure using half strip bamboo anchored to a sheathing material. It has been modeled in STAAD Pro software and different load asDead Load, Live Load, Seismic Load, Wind load were applied on the frame. The material properties of bamboo were defined using the value of modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s Ratio, density, and shear modulus obtained from the tests conducted here in laboratory. Keywords— Bamboo, half split bamboo wall, STAAD Pro, Framed Sturucture

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2020

The present paper investigates the collapse process of a pipe-framed greenhouse under static wind loading based on a non-linear finite element analysis. The purpose is to establish a more reasonable wind resistant design method for such structures. The structures are so flexible that the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is considered in the analysis. In practice, iterative analyses of the structure's response and the wind pressure distribution on the deformed structure are made. The wind direction is normal to the ridge. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis with a RANS turbulence model is used for evaluating the time-averaged wind pressure coefficient distribution on the structure. Both the geometric and the material non-linearity are considered in the structural analysis. The collapse behavior obtained is consistent with the practical one often observed in damage investigations. Based on the results, discussion is made of the validity of the current design guideline commonly used in Japan. The same analysis is carried out for various reinforced models. The effect of each reinforcement method on the improvement of wind resistance of the structure is investigated on the basis of the allowable stress and deformation limits specified in the current design guideline.

Agriculture

Commercial production greenhouses are widely used to produce plants and crops. From the structural engineering viewpoint, among the loads that act on greenhouses, wind and snow loads are the major ones. This paper focuses on the former, particularly on wind pressure coefficients. Design and construction of greenhouses should consider wind loads in order to ensure seamless operation, overall stability, durability, and safety, even though human occupancy is limited. Classification and design of greenhouses is typically based on European standards, which cover a variety of geometries and conditions. Some recent research studies suggest, however, that greenhouse design standards should be revised to ensure structural safety of greenhouses subject to strong wind loads. Triggered by this recent outcomes, this paper reviews existing literature on the topic: (a) briefly presenting the state of the art methods for determining wind pressures on greenhouses; (b) comparing the EN 13031-1 pressu...

Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction, 2008

The objective of this research was to use a three-dimensional (3D) analysis method to evaluate "system effects" in light-frame roof truss assemblies. The goal of this study was to develop an improved and practical design method for 3D roof truss assemblies used in residential construction. A truss plate manufacturer (TPM) design software was used to layout assemblies and to design individual trusses. The TPM software used a conventional design procedure (CDP) by analyzing one truss at a time in two dimensions. A commer cially available structural analysis program was utilized to model and analyze 3D truss assemblies as a system. This system design procedure (SDP) is being proposed as a tool to analyze and design 3D roof truss assemblies. Three truss assemblies, L shape, T shape, and a complex assembly, were analyzed. The structural responses including combined stress index (CSn, truss deflections, and reactions from both CDP and SDP were compared and the system effects were evaluated. From this investigation, it is concluded that there are three system effects observed by the SDP, but not accounted for by CDP. These are: reduced applied load effect, truss-to-truss support effect, and stiff truss effect. Based on this investigation, the maximum CSI for most trusses in all three assemblies reduced by 6-60% because of system effects. SDP can help to improve the design of truss assemblies by directly including system effects that are not accounted for by the CDP. 001: 1 0.1061/(ASCE) 1 084-0680

2022

This is the fourth volume of a four-volume work on passive solar greenhouses, presenting both consolidated and experimental techniques. This particular volume focuses on strategies for preliminarily calculating the thermal performance of greenhouses, simulating it with transient environmental performance simulation programs, sizing structural elements through both explicit simplified calculations and advanced structural simulation programs, and exploring design options automatically using optimization programs and surrogate modeling techniques. The second part of the volume presents real-life examples, many drawn from the field of architecture, analyzing both their environmental and constructional choices.

AgriEngineering, 2020

Steel greenhouse structures are generally constructed by individual sole contractors using quick empirical structural calculations (pre-engineered solutions). It is also common to import standard greenhouses from other countries, mainly from the Netherlands, Italy, and France, and sometimes from Great Britain and Israel. Evidently, these countries differ concerning the local wind and snow conditions. Therefore, there is a need for a better design of structures accepted as satisfactory, while installation can be done in a different location. Many greenhouse structures incorporating poor designs or inappropriate pre-engineered solutions are currently in use. At the same time, demolition and reconstruction represent a very expensive solution considering the loss of crop production and the demolition and construction costs; thus, strengthening is a reasonable alternative. This paper presents strengthening techniques for steel greenhouses that are code-deficient according to EN 13031 and Eurocodes. Consequently, two case studies are presented as typical applications of greenhouse structure strengthening.

2022

This is the first volume of a four-volume work on passive solar greenhouses. This particular volume deals with the preliminary design choices for defining the shape of a passive solar greenhouse and presents both mainstream techniques and experimental ones. The design choices involve selecting the solutions for the construction of its envelope, back wall, gable walls and ground treatment, positioning the thermal masses, sizing and placing the ventilation openings, as well as choosing and positioning the shading devices and thermal shades. The treatment addresses both agricultural greenhouses and greenhouses or sunspaces intended to serve architectural purposes, such as those that may be encountered in urban agriculture, and deals both with self-standing greenhouses and attached ones. The concepts are richly illustrated, and the topics build up incrementally, beginning with the historical trajectory of greenhouses and progressing to criteria for achieving advantageous solar exposure, wind-driven ventilation, and stack-effect ventilation, as well as advanced strategies for balancing thermal stability with thermal responsiveness through the arrangement of openable enclosures, shading devices, thermal curtains, and reflectors.

1993

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Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies

In Indonesia, a bamboo slanted ceiling is one of the most commonly used types of ceiling. It occurs for numerous reasons, including technical and cultural aspects. However, practically, it has low durability and is difficult to maintain as it is used in place which is prone to rainwater seepage and installed in the form of large woven sheet material. Therefore, in this research, three alternative models of construction for a bamboo slanted ceiling were proposed: (1) one layer of dense bamboo slats, (2) two layers of dense bamboo slats; and (3) two overlapping layers of sparsely weaved bamboo slats. Each model was developed on a real scale prototype and tested in terms of its material’s temperature and humidity level. The construction strategies used for these models were focused on the arrangement and orientation of pieces of ‘Bambu Kuning’ within the roof structure. The measurement result shows that the third model had the lowest temperature with >5°C different compared to the o...