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2002, D-Lib Magazine
The authors hope to make explicit the strong foundations of agreement shared by two prominent metadata Initiatives: the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) and the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Learning Object Metadata (LOM) Working Group. This agreement emerged from a joint metadata taskforce meeting in Ottawa in August, 2001. By elucidating shared principles and practicalities of metadata, we hope to raise the level of understanding among our respective (and shared) constituents, so that all stakeholders can move forward more decisively to address their respective problems. The ideas in this paper are divided into two categories. are those concepts judged to be common to all domains of metadata and which might inform the design of any metadata schema or application. are the rules of thumb, constraints, and infrastructure issues that emerge from bringing theory into practice in the form of useful and sustainable systems. Principles Practicalities II. Principles The paragraphs in the Principles section set out general truths the authors believe provide a guiding framework for the development of practical solutions for semantic and machine interoperability in any domain using any set of metadata standards. A. Modularity Metadata modularity is a key organizing principle for environments characterized by vastly diverse sources of content,
Journal of Universal Computer Science, 2001
2000
1. Abstract This paper presents a conceptual metadata framework for Dublin Core metadata, intended to support the development of interoperable metadata standards and applications. The model rests on the fundamental concept of an "abstract model" for metadata, as exemplified by the DCMI Abstract Model, and is based on concepts and ideas that have developed over the years within the Dublin
We present a 3-layer model for metadata of which the key component is CERIF in the middle, contextual, layer. CERIF forms the lowest, most detailed level of metadata information that is common across research objects such as datasets. Its richness of representation makes it a superset over many other metadata formats allowing their congruent generation from CERIF. CERIF is used in42 countries and is an EU Recommendation to member States.
2012
Abstract Metadata can be used in a variety of environments, from library catalogs and research databases to data archives, proprietary knowledge bases, and the open web. Multiple sources for metadata creation exist, with metadata being generated by professionals, through automated techniques, and by the public at large. Information professionals are eager to share and leverage data sources to create new knowledge and feed the demand for new interoperable applications.
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, 2020
With the growing diversity of information resources the emphasis on data-centric applications such as big data, metadata, semantics and ontologies has become central. This editorial paper presents a summary of recent developments in metadata, semantics and ontologies-focusing in particular on metadata enriching, linking and interoperability. National libraries and archives are devising new bibliographic models and metadata presentation formats. Bibliographic metadata sets are being made available using these new data formats such as RDF. The new formats are aiming to represent data in granular structures and define unique identification protocols such as URIs. The paper concludes by introducing the five papers included in the special issue. The papers in this special issue present novel approaches to metadata integration, interoperability frameworks, re-use of metadata ontologies and methods of metadata quality analysis.
Annals of Library and Information Studies, 2002
Gives an overview of metadata and its importance in the present era of information explosion. The paper also discusses metadata standards and lists various metadata systems that have evolved.
Proc. of WEBIST, 2007
The world of closed Learning Management Systems (LMS) is being replaced by open systems for sharing and reusing digital Learning Objects (LOs) between users, courses, institutions and countries. This poses new challenges in describing these LOs with detailed and correct metadata. This information background is needed for querying services to perform accurate queries for LO retrieval. In this paper we present metadata specific challenges when converting from a local LMS with proprietary metadata schema to a global metadata schema. We have uncovered extensive LO description possibilities based on the existing, local LMS, registered metadata, its LO types and the local context. Files can contain extensive metadata descriptions, though require special attention. We have confirmed that technologies developed as crosswalks are valid for usage in this projects for a one-time metadata transferral. However, transferring of all local metadata elements can result in incompatibility issues with other LMSs. This, even when keeping with the global metadata schema.
Advances in Web-Based Learning, 2002
Abstract. The growing use of the Internet and the Web has been transforming the styles of learning. The large amount of learning resources available on the Web enables people to access learning materials of various subjects. Large enterprises can make use education ...
Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice, 2018
While the body of research on metadata has grown substantially, there has been a lack of systematic analysis of the field of metadata. In this study, we attempt to fill this gap by examining metadata literature spanning the past 20 years. With the combination of a text mining technique, topic modeling, and network analysis, we analyzed 2,713 scholarly papers on metadata published between 1995 and 2014 and identified main topics and trends in metadata research. As the result of topic modeling, 20 topics were discovered and, among those, the most prominent topics were reviewed in detail. In addition, the changes over time in the topic composition, in terms of both the relative topic proportions and the structure of topic networks, were traced to find past and emerging trends in research. The results show that a number of core themes in metadata research have been established over the past decades and the field has advanced, embracing and responding to the dynamic changes in informatio...
Anais do XXVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Informática na Educação (SBIE 2016), 2016
Metadata is broadly used to describe learning objects and its standards have been developed to improve interoperability. With the current Web extension by the Semantic Web, learning object metadata has been migrating from XML-based metadata formats to semantic metadata formats. This work explores XSLT to provide a solution for this transition of descriptions to educational metadata. The approach consists of retrieve, convert, and store metadata in Semantic Web context. In this work, we converted OBAA metadata in XML to OWL format. The OWL format improved the description semantics and allowed reasoner inference. The converted metadata can be managed by different applications and systems. Along with that, we proposed a strategy to OWL ontology alignment.
D-lib Magazine, 2006
The rapid growth of Internet resources and digital collections has been accompanied by a proliferation of metadata schemas, each of which has been designed based on the requirements of particular user communities, intended users, types of materials, subject domains, project needs, etc. Problems arise when building large digital libraries or repositories with metadata records that were prepared according to diverse schemas. This article (published in two parts) contains an analysis of the methods that have been used to achieve or improve interoperability among metadata schemas and applications, for the purposes of facilitating conversion and exchange of metadata and enabling cross-domain metadata harvesting and federated searches. From a methodological point of view, implementing interoperability may be considered at different levels of operation: schema level, record level, and repository level. Part I of the article intends to explain possible situations in which metadata schemas may be created or implemented, whether in individual projects or in integrated repositories. It also discusses approaches used at the schema level. Part II of the article will discuss metadata interoperability efforts at the record and repository levels.-Page 2-Metadata Interoperability and Standardization-A Study of Me...
2003
In order to enable teachers to share and reuse learning objects these objects should be described using standard metadata such as the IEEE's Learning Object Metadata. Learning object metadata elements must be described using appropriate vocabularies in order to ensure semantic interoperability and facilitate resource description discovery and reuse. LOM elements can be described using simple vocabularies and value lists, LOM vocabularies, taxonomies, classifications and thesauri and natural language. CEN/ISSS has funded the development of a registry of taxonomies and vocabularies relevant for a European learning society. It is recommended that metadata implementers publish their vocabularies in the registry to reduce duplication of effort and facilitate semantic interoperability.
Frontiers in sustainable food systems, 2022
This paper presents a lightweight, flexible, extensible, machine readable and human-intelligible metadata schema that does not depend on a specific ontology. The metadata schema for metadata of data files is based on the concept of data lakes where data is stored as they are. The purpose of the schema is to enhance data interoperability. The lack of interoperability of messy socioeconomic datasets that contain a mixture of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data means that many datasets are underutilized. Adding a minimum set of rich metadata and describing new and existing data dictionaries in a standardized way goes a long way to make these high-variety datasets interoperable and reusable and hence allows timely and actionable information to be gleaned from those datasets. The presented metadata schema OIMS can help to standardize the description of metadata. The paper introduces overall concepts of metadata, discusses design principles of metadata schemes, and presents the structure and an applied example of OIMS.
2009
Metadata, data about data, describes objects of various multimedia content and types. One of the main functions of metadata is aiding in retrieval of the objects that it describes. However, with the emergence of semantic web technologies the role of metadata is changing. Paper discusses some of the important metadata schema. It highlights issues of 'glut' by way of a plethora of metadata that are emerging. In the given scenario, it is essential to devise a method for achieving interoperability among similar metadata standards.
In order for metadata to be interoperable, its schema must be able to precisely describe its terms, context as well as semantic and syntactic constraints. With this precise information, other applications or machines can analyze, understand and utilize metadata. A metadata schema therefore demands an expressive language. Languages requirements are presented and a language to meet them is proposed.
D-lib Magazine, 2006
The rapid growth of Internet resources and digital collections has been accompanied by a proliferation of metadata schemas, each of which has been designed based on the requirements of particular user communities, intended users, types of materials, subject domains, project needs, etc. Problems arise when building large digital libraries or repositories with metadata records that were prepared according to diverse schemas. This article (published in two parts) contains an analysis of the methods that have been used to achieve or improve interoperability among metadata schemas and applications, for the purposes of facilitating conversion and exchange of metadata and enabling cross-domain metadata harvesting and federated searches. From a methodological point of view, implementing interoperability may be considered at different levels of operation: schema level, record level, and repository level. Part I of the article intends to explain possible situations in which metadata schemas may be created or implemented, whether in individual projects or in integrated repositories. It also discusses approaches used at the schema level. Part II of the article will discuss metadata interoperability efforts at the record and repository levels.-Page 2-Metadata Interoperability and Standardization-A Study of Me...
This paper provides an overview of specifications and standards for metadata relating to learning materials. It is structured to present first the currently established metadata schemas in use today (specifically the IEEE LOM and Dublin Core metadata), then to examine current developments and activities before looking at what might be the future challenges. The examination of current developments and activities highlights the increasingly recognized importance of metadata schema that describe what have in the past been thought of as secondary aspects of learning materials (for example who uses them and what for), and the importance of alternative approaches to structured metadata for resource description.
Information resources are available in various kinds of media and forms. To describe them there exists number of diverse metadata standards and schema. Metadata is crucial for preservation and archiving, organisation, resource discovery and information retrieval across platforms. As one metadata standard cannot be applicable for all the emerging media and document formats, a combination of them is used. In this context the present paper presents an overview on types of metadata standards and schemas, and also discusses on the issues and challenges in metadata creation, management, interoperability, and resource discovery.
2008
Metadata allows systems, applications and users to manage and access resources without a need for interaction with the resource itself. For this reason, the administration and exchange of metadata is a central activity in systems that manage learning objects. Metadata considerations are fundamental when creating interoperable e-learning tools, and metadata standards have been among the very first learning technology standards to mature.
International Journal of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, 2006
Metadata research has emerged as a new discipline in the last years, and is focused on the provision of semantic descriptions of a diverse kind to digital resources, web resources being the most frequent target. Such associated descriptions are supposed to serve as a foundation for advanced, improved services in several application areas, including search and location, personalisation, and automated delivery of information. In consequence, metadata research focuses both on the development of metadata description languages-of a general purpose or specialised kind-and also on the practicalities of metadata creation, dissemination, assessment, maintenance, and use for diverse scenarios and usage contexts. Ontology has emerged recently as a knowledge representation infrastructure for the provision of shared semantics to metadata, which essentially forms the basis of the vision of the Semantic Web. The combination of metadata description techniques and ontology engineering defines a new landscape for information engineering with specific challenges and promising applications, which requires a truly multidisciplinary approach. This paper is intended to provide some basic insights for the endeavour of engineering systems based on metadata, semantics, and ontologies, and to foster the interaction of researchers with different backgrounds coming from diverse disciplines.
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