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1990, Oil and Chemical Pollution
AI
A numerical model has been developed to simulate the time-space evolution of oil spills in marine environments of arbitrary and complex geometry. The model incorporates various physical processes such as dispersion from winds, tides, and currents, along with evaporation and shoreline interactions, making it applicable in gravity-viscosity regimes. Validated against historical spill data, including the Amoco Cadiz accident, it can effectively estimate spill impacts in sensitive areas like Tarragona, providing crucial information for environmental protection and emergency response planning.
Environmental Processes, 2015
Oil spill models are used worldwide to provide preventive measures in assessing risks of actual and potential damage to natural resources from spills, and also in assisting coastal facilities and local authorities in their strategic development of oil spill mitigation planning and response. Numerous oil spill simulation models exist in the bibliography. They vary in complexity, applicability to location and ease of use. A synoptic presentation of the types of oil slick models internationally applied in operational mode is done, focusing on the model developed by Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The current study elaborates on that oil slick numerical model which simulates the transport and weathering (due to a number of physicochemical processes evolving with time) of an oil spill that accidentally occurred in a coastal area, coupled with a 3D hydrodynamic model. The model is applied in a semi-confined water body, namely Thermaikos Gulf, in N. Greece, which contains the Port of Thessaloniki, a potential source of accidentally spilled oil. Findings of the present study highlight the existing experience on the subject and denote the applicability of such models in either tracing the source of a spill or in predicting its path and spread, thus proving their value in real-time crisis management.
Urban and Maritime Transport XXVII
Oil spills in the marine environment are a harmful threat to the environment, the population, and the economy. For this reason, it is important to know the trajectory of oil slicks in case of a spill in order to prioritize actions for oil recovery and thus to better protect areas exposed to pollution risk. For this purpose, several oil slick drift models are developed to study the impact of various possible scenarios and to estimate the environmental sensitivity of a maritime and coastal area even before this type of accident occurs. In this context, this paper presents the applications of a two (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) oil spill models, suggested to define the trajectory of the oil slick in a marine environment taking into account different meteorological parameters. The two models have been applied to simulate the oil spill propagation in the case of a collision accident that occurred off Saint-Tropez (France) on
Spill Science Technology Bulletin, 1999
The state-of-the-art in oil spill modeling is summarized, focusing primarily on the years from 1990 to the present. All models seek to describe the key physical and chemical processes that transport and weather the oil on and in the sea. Current insights into the mechanisms of these processes and the availability of algorithms for describing and predicting process rates are discussed. Advances are noted in the areas of advection, spreading, evaporation, dispersion, emulsi®cation, and interactions with ice and shorelines. Knowledge of the relationship between oil properties, and oil weathering and fate, and the development of models for the evaluation of oil spill response strategies are summarized. Speci®c models are used as examples where appropriate. Future directions in these and other areas are indicated
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Several oil spill simulation models exist in the literature, which are used worldwide to simulate the evolution of an oil slick created from marine traffic, petroleum production, or other sources. These models may range from simple parametric calculations to advanced, new-generation, operational, three-dimensional numerical models, coupled to meteorological, hydrodynamic, and wave models, forecasting in high-resolution and with high precision the transport and fate of oil. This study presents a review of the transport and oil weathering processes and their parameterization and critically examines eighteen state-of-the-art oil spill models in terms of their capacity (a) to simulate these processes, (b) to consider oil released from surface or submerged sources, (c) to assimilate real-time field data for model initiation and forcing, and (d) to assess uncertainty in the produced predictions. Based on our review, the most common oil weathering processes involved are spreading, advectio...
Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017
A review of the state of the art in oil spill modeling, focused on the period from 2000 to present is provided. The review begins with an overview of the current structure of spill models and some lessons learned from model development and application and then provides guiding principles that govern the development of the current generation of spill models. A review of the basic structure of spill models, and new developments in specific transport and fate processes; including surface and subsurface transport, spreading, evaporation, dissolution, entrainment and oil droplet size distributions, emulsification, degradation, and sediment oil interaction are presented. The paper concludes with thoughts on future directions in the field with a primary focus on advancements in handling interactions between Lagrangian elements.
Environmental Software, 1995
A BSTRACT lu order to ewtluate the risk of pollution related to the petroleum industry in Llancanelo saltwater lake, ;m accurate numerical model of water contamination using file finite element meth~)d and Ihe finite di/lierencc method is discussed.
Oil and Chemical Pollution, 1989
Oil spill trajectory and fates models typically follow a surface s~ck until it contacts a coastline, at which time the simulation ceases. The coastal zone oil spill (COZOIL) model described here is designed to simulate oil spill fates both before and after a coastal contact. Multiple discrete batches of oil (spillets) are used to represent the surface slick. Spillets are circular while offshore but become elliptical upon contact with the shoreline. Onshoreoffshore foreshortening is governed by a balance between wind stress and gravity spreading forces, and results in alongshore spreading of the spillet. Evaporated hydrocarbons are accumulated from all sources during the simulation, with no spatial representation. Entrained oil offshore is represented by discrete particles which may be advected by the local currents. Inside the surf zone, entrained oil takes on a continuous representation, discretized within individual alongshore grid cells. Transport in the sulf zone is governed by a classical radiation stress formulation. Incorporation of water into surface oil (emulsification) is simulated offshore. De-emulsification (de-watering) is allowed to occur for oil which is on the foreshore or backshore. Oil coming ashore may be deposited on the foreshore or the backshore, or carried into coastal indentations
1970
In this paper we will locate our present research results for efforts in Brazil in the realm of oil spill modelling and simulation. In the beginning of the nineties, a project was presented in our University for optimizing resources of clean-up activities following an oil spill. In this global project the mathematical models for numerical simulation should include several phenomena not previously considered in those models then in use by government agencies. The Biomathematics Research Group, of the Applied Mathematics Department then began to work in this direction, using successive variations of some classical models. Besides the theoretical layout, this paper presents some case studies for a specific coastal region in southern Brazil.
Water Pollution XI, 2012
The application of the European Water Framework Directive and the monitoring obligation on water quality for human consumption and industrial activities create a need for water quality evaluation and monitoring systems. The Migr'Hycar research project was initiated to provide decisional tools, and fulfil operational needs, for risks connected to oil spill drifts in continental waters. Within the framework of the Migr'Hycar project, a new 2-D numerical oil spill model has been developed by combining Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. The Lagrangian model describes the transport of an oil spill near the surface. This model simulates the major processes acting on the spilled oil. Though generally considered as a minor process, dissolution is important from the point of view of toxicity. To model dissolved oil in water, a Eulerian advectiondiffusion model is used. The fraction of dissolved oil is represented by a passive Eulerian scalar and its quantity directly depends on the dissolved mass of particles. In parallel with model development, experiments on the behaviour of hydrocarbons have been carried out in an artificial river facility in Berlin, which is part of the German federal environment agency (UBA). After spilling refined commercial products into an artificial channel, the aim of these experiments was to study the drift of the oil spill and the dissolution in the water column. Experimental results on situations with controlled conditions will allow the quality of the numerical predictions to be confirmed and validated.
FSU-SIIK@ is designed as a PC-based model for emergency response activities, oil spill planning, risk analysis and impact assessment.
The aim of this paper is to present a mathematical model and its numerical treatment to forecast oil spills trajectories in the sea. The knowledge of the trajectory followed by an oil slick spilled on the sea is of fundamental importance in the estimation of potential risks for pipeline and tankers route selection, and in combating the pollution using floating barriers, detergents, etc. In order to estimate these slicks trajectories a new model, based on the mass and momentum conservation equations is presented. The model considers the spreading in the regimes when the inertial and viscous forces counterbalance gravity and takes into account the effects of winds and water currents. The inertial forces are considered for the spreading and the displacement of the oil slick, i.e., is considered its effects on the movement of the mass center of the slick. The mass loss caused by oil evaporation is also taken into account. The numerical model is developed in generalized coordinates, maki...
Spill Science & Technology Bulletin, 1995
A numerical model for the simulation of tbe physicocbemical weathering processes of an oil spill at sea is presented based on state-of-the-art models. The model includes the most significant processes: spreading, evaporation, dispersion into the water column, emulsification and the change in viscosity and density. These processes depend on each other and are allowed to vary simultaneously since processes are described by a set of differential equations, solved by a fourth-order Rung+Kutta method. Numerical examples are given, in order to test the results obtained, and compared with available experimental data in tbe literature. The model predicts well the variation of water incorporation, density and viscosity but seems to overestimate the fraction evaporated. However more experimental data are needed to calibrate and validate the model since differences in the composition of the simulated oil and the samples from which experimental data are taken may occur in evaporation studies. The model is suitable to join other modules for the prediction of the spill trajectory by advection due to winds and currents and sub-sea transport.
Proceedings of the XVIIIth Telemac & Mascaret User Club 2011, 19-21 October 2011, EDF R&D, Chatou, 2011
The European Water Framework Directive together with the requirement to monitor water resources for drinking as well as leisure and industrial purposes, have substantially increased the demand for water-quality evaluation and monitoring systems. The Migr'Hycar research project was initiated to provide decisional tools, and to fulfil operational needs, for risks connected to oil spill drifts in continental waters (rivers, lakes, estuaries). Within the framework of the Migr'Hycar project, a new numerical oil spill model has been developed by combining Lagrangian and Eulerian methods. This model enables to simulate the main processes that act on the spilled oil: advection, diffusion, evaporation, dissolution, spreading and volatilization. Though generally considered as a minor process, dissolution is important from the point of view of toxicity. The Lagrangian model describes the transport of an oil spill near the free surface. To model dissolved oil in water, an Eulerian advectiondiffusion model is used. The fraction of dissolved oil is represented by a passive Eulerian scalar. This model is able to follow dissolved hydrocarbons in the water column (PAH: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons). The Eulerian model is coupled with the Lagrangian model. In parallel with model development, two types of experiments on the behavior of hydrocarbons have been carried out: • Static chemical laboratory experiments in order to study the kinetic of dissolved petroleum in a beaker. • Dynamic experiments in artificial river facility. After releasing refined commercial products (fuel and heavy oil) into an artificial channel, the aim of these experiments was to study the drift of the oil spill and the dissolution in the water column. Static experiments allow a calibration of evaporation, dissolution and volatilization mass transfer coefficients used in the model. Then, the model is validated with the artificial river experiments. Comparisons of numerical results with measured data are presented in this paper. I.
International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings, 1985
This study, carried out at the VKI, the Water Quality Institute, Denmark, includes development of an oil spill weathering model, which can be combined with a transport model to produce an operational oil spill model. The weathering model consists of three modules: a mass transport module, a heat transport module, and a module computing physical and chemical properties of the oil slick. The mass transport module takes the following processes into account: spreading, horizontal and vertical dispersion, evaporation, emulsification, and upwelling of dispersed oil droplets. The heat transport module takes into consideration solar radiation, heat transfer between the oil and water and the air, evaporative heat loss, and radiation. The oil is divided up into six fractions, with each fraction characterized by boiling point and chemical structure. The physical and chemical properties of the slick are calculated by summing up the corresponding properties of each fraction. This weathering mode...
… Conference on Oil Spill, 2002
The home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications. ... Abstract: A computational structure has been ...
Oil and Chemical Pollution, 1988
A state-of-the-art review of numerical oil spill trajecwry and fate modeling is presented to include advection, spreading, evaporation, dissolution, dispersion, emulsification, biodegradation and sedimentation. This paper represents an update of earlier reviews by Stolzenbach et al, (1977), Huang & Monastero (1982), and Huang (1983) and hence concentrates on recent advances. Particular attention is focused on the dispersion of oil from the sea surface and its influence on spreading, the role of environmental data (currents, wind, temperature, ice conditions) used as input to the model, and the interaction of oil with a variety of shoreline types. Consideration is also given to oil behavior in Arctic environments where oil-ice interactions are important. Brief discussions of the linking of oil spill models with other models to assess environmental impact and the use of oil spill models as the core of an expert system are presented. The review concludes with a list of research needed to advance our ability to model the trajectory and fate o foil and trends in oil spill model development.
Over the period January-May l99l Iraqi forces, occupying the state oI Kuwait, caused a massive amount of oil to be released in the waters of the Arabian Gulf. The volume o[ oil released may have been as large as 6 x 106 bbls. Most of the oil was released at or near Mina Al-Ahmadi in southern Kuwait. Two mathematical models, GULFSLIK II and OILPOL, were used to simulate the fate and transport of oil spilled at Al-Ahmadi. The oil spill trajectory model GULFSLIK II was used in an operational real time mode to predict the surface trajectory of oil spills at various locations. The real time trajectory analysis was used to support tactical spill response. Short term precictions were made using 7-d wind forecasts. Long term predictions were made using monthly wind averages. Comparisons between predicted trajectories and actual sightings show that GULFSLIK II is reasonably accurate. The oil spill fate and transport model, OILPOL, was applied to compute surface and subsurface distribution of oil, and analyz-e the fate ol the spilled oil. An oil spill size of 4 x 106 bbls was assumed. OILPOLL results were used to support damage assessment studies and environmental impact statcments. The distribution of oil on the surface and subsurface layers were obtained daily for a period of 80 d. Oil concentration at strategic locations in the Gulf werc also computed. Surface oil distribution as predicted by OILPOL was compared with sighting data. The results show excellent agreement.
A novel, state of-art, numerical model accounting for the main physical processes governing oil dispersion at sea is here formulated and discussed. The underground hydrodynamics is resolved using LES-COAST, a high definition numerical model suited for coastal or harbour areas. Oil dispersion is modelled considering the main physical features of the process. After spilling, the oil may form the so-called tars or it may spread over the sea surface as thin film, depending on the oil pour point with respect to the ambient temperature. We adopt two different approaches for the two different conditions respectively. In the former, oil tars are modelled as Lagrangian particles of characteristic diameter and density. In the latter the Nihoul's model is considered, which accounts for the main forces acting on the oil film, namely gravity, sea current and wind stresses. In practical short-term studies (simulation of oil dispersion over few hours) forces as surface tension and the inertia can be neglected. Also, the relevant short-term weathering processes (mainly emulsification and evaporation) occurring in coastal and harbour regions, are taken into account through established literature models. We validate the model on standard test cases and we apply it to a real case scenario in the Barcelona Bay.
Oil Spill Environmental Forensics, 2007
In 2011, an oil spill occurred off Lach Huyen port in the Northeast of Vietnam, due to vessels collision. The results of collision caused pollution on wide area and surrounding areas. This paper was used MIKE 21 SA model to simulate oil spill transport with five scenarios. The results of simulation showed that spill trajectory and slick area depend on analysis hydraulic regime, wind direction and wave in the study area. This paper presents the model application for simulation spill scenarios. It helps in selecting eco-sensitive regions for preparedness and planning suitable response strategies whenever spill incident occurred.
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