"How has American life changed since September 11?"
Wendell Bell
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Abstract
The changes in America since the attacks of 9/11 have included some unfortunate developments. I briefly discuss twelve: less tolerance for dissent,
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What Has Changed Since September 11th?
For the last 16 years, we have insistently been dwelling on the following: The lifeblood of violence is violence. Radicalism can only be defeated by eradicating it on an intellectual basis. This can be accomplished by the alliance of genuine Muslims and Christians which intends to educate, not to generate more violence rather than a “Crusade Campaign” or a “Christian alliance.”
Ten years after: September 11th and its aftermath
The Geographical Journal, 2011
Editorial: Ten Years After 9/11: What Have We Learned?
Global media journal, 2011
The attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) initiated a new pattern of global conflict a decade after the Cold War ended. It has pitted many states, including those with Muslim-majorities, against groups claiming to act in the name of Islam. For much of the last ten years, the global media have been transfixed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the terrorist attacks that have been carried out in these and numerous other locations around the world. The governments of many countries have devoted significant resources to the "war on terror" but its end is not within sight. State response to terrorism has mainly been in the forms of militarization and securitization. Some efforts have been made to "win the hearts and minds" of the perceived supporters of terrorism, but scant attention has been paid to its primary bases. A significant amount of research has been conducted on the global conflict. However, little understanding has emerged of how people are motivated to blow up themselves and others, including people of their own faith, or what was really behind the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The tenth anniversary of 9/11 provides an opportunity to reflect upon and assess what we have learned-and not learned-about communication and conflict. Some commentators have stated that "everything changed" after 9/11. However, it is important to inquire into what changed and what continues to operate within the conceptual frameworks that have existed for decades, even centuries. Understanding Terrorism Cohen-Almagor's (2005; 2006) research assumes a moral stance on terrorism and furthers the notion that legal means of protest are equally available to all individuals in "liberal democracies". In proposing this premise in nations such as Israel, Germany, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada, Cohen-Almagor fails to take into account the practices of racialization and class division that exist, and the significant role they play in determining who is able to effect change (e.g.
Americans respond politically to 9/11: Understanding the impact of the terrorist attacks and their aftermath
American Psychologist, 2011
The 9/11 terrorist attacks have had profound effect on U.S. domestic and foreign security policy, leading to several expensive wars and the erosion of civil liberties (under the USA PATRIOT Act). We review evidence on political reactions to the 9/11 attacks and conclude that subjective reactions to terrorism played an important role in shaping support for national security policy in the wake of 9/11. Support for a strong national security policy was most pronounced among Americans who perceived the nation as at threat from terrorism and felt angry at terrorists. In contrast, Americans who were personally affected by the attacks were more likely to feel anxious about terrorism, and this anxiety translated into less support for overseas military action. In addition, Americans who felt insecure after the 9/11 attacks and perceived a high future threat of terrorism were more likely than others to support strong foreign and domestic national security policies. Overall, research on American political reactions to 9/11 suggests that support for a strong government response to terrorism is most likely when members of a population perceive a high risk of future terrorism and feel angry at terrorists.
EDITORIAL: HOW HAS TERRORISM AFFECTED OUR DAILY LIVES POST 9/11
This is a nice contribution to an area of terrorism studies that has gotten too little scholarly attention-the issue of how countries respond to terrorist attacks". (Max Abrahms-Assistant Professor of Political Science and Public Policy, Northeastern University, US) "Serious students of terrorism and state sponsored violence will grapple with the insights by international scholars about how everyday life and social institutions are affected by terrorist acts themselves, as well as the controlling and surveillance practices enacted to combat terrorism. Terrorism in the Global Village is a gem in the expanding study of conflict and social change." (David Altheide-Regents Professor Emeritus. Arizona State University, US). Terrorism has become the defining form of political, ideological and religious conflict of our time. Decades of asymmetric struggle have honed the ability of radicalized factions to attack and destabilize much larger and richer societies, using fear as their primary weapon, while the need to protect these societies has led to an unprecedented extension of the role and reach of the security forces, thereby removing much of the privacy that previous generations could take for granted. The boundaries between organized crime and terrorist networks have become increasingly blurred, as the new generation of terrorists has learned how to reach out through families, personal contacts and the internet to recruit violent and disaffected youth around the world. The threats that we face are now everywhere, and many of them are almost invisible. This has become a struggle of faith, values and belief, and it remains to be seen which will prevail. (Professor Anthony Clayton, MA, PhD, FCAS, FTWAS, CD-University of West Indies, Jamaica)
Phil Scraton (ed) (2002) Beyond September 11: An Anthology of Dissent
Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 2004
Books about September II and the 'War on Terror' have become a veritable growth industry since 200 I. This edited book, published in 2002, was one of the first and is still one of the best. Many of its 35 chapters agree that, despite the cliche ofthe September II genre, the world did not change on that date; rather, causal relations long since set in train produced effects which were suddenly and globally manifest. Christian Parenti (pp I 0-19), for example, writing while smoke still seeped from the ruins of the twin towers, identifies a 'boomerang' in the turning back against the US empire of the Islamic fundamentalist militias that were nurtured and fostered by it in fighting for the downfall of the Soviet Union, notably in Afghanistan. 'America's open-ended jihad is precisely the type of policy that will compound the existing problems from which emerged the four suicidal jet-bombs of September II ' (p 18).
Editors’ Introduction: 9/11 And Its Aftermath
By the time this issue arrives in your mailboxes, the ceremonies and other events to mark the anniversary of what is now called simply "9/11" will have already taken place, conjuring up for many people the same thoughts and feelings they experienced a little more than 1 year ago. Of course, the editors and staff at Political Psychology were not immune to these reactions, but even in the midst of them, we recognized that the terror attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon also necessitated scholarly understanding. Accordingly, we began planning a special issue of the journal devoted to political psychological research about 9/11 and its aftermath. We prepared a call for submissions in which we sought articles, research notes, or research essays that addressed such questions as the motivations of the terrorists, the international political situation, the actions of political leaders, and the response of the U.S. public and other publics around the world. We put interested contributors on a very tight deadline in order to ensure that the special issue would appear in a timely way. And here it is-a little bit behind the usual September production schedule, but we believe you will find it worth the wait.
September 11: Symbolism and Responses to "9/11
The Forum, 2003
Professors Hopkins and Hopkins review the impact of 9/11 as a symbol in American politics. Following the terrorist attacks, "9/11" became a simple reference condensing wide-ranging events and emotions. Various interpretations emerged about what caused "9/11" and enabled the attacks. The authors claim that 9/11 allowed US leaders to pursue certain policy prescriptions that otherwise would have been blocked. Among four possible prescriptions for responding to the attacks, the Bush administration chose a "praetorian" policy of preventive war, with Iraq as its first example. In the authors' view, by pursuing an expansive but highly militarized response, the US has overlooked the need to alleviate the conditions that made 9/11 possible. The authors recommend that the US, as part of a multilateral effort, allocate major resources to expanding "global public goods," including measures that strengthen barriers to proliferation, enhance fighting of global crime, and reduce incentives for terrorism, especially ones arising in failing states where distorted education and weak protection of human rights encourage organized terrorism.
TWENTY YEARS AFTER SEPTEMBER 11 AND THE LESSONS OF AMERICA'S WAR ON TERROR
Peoples Reporter, 2021
I.INTRODUCTION 'September 11' or '9 eleven', 2001 is being carved in the annals of human history as on this date Al-Qaeda, a terrorist group led by Bin Laden engineered an attack on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon of the militarily mighty global super power, the United States of
How Americans Responded: A Study of Public Reactions to 9/11/01
Ps-political Science & Politics, 2002
THE IMPACT OF THE SEPTEMBER 11 ATTACK IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
In the past, military power was the only decisive factor in the “balance of power” among nations. Its strength ensured their expansion and influence while its weakness precipitated their fall and disintegration. Though, it is still an important element, many other factors like economy, ideology, political stability, statesmanship and diplomacy have played substantial role in determining the status of a country among the comity of nations in this globalized world. The World Order has been more dynamic due to the unprecedented developments in international affairs in the last century-ranging from multipolar, bipolar and unipolar. The US has enjoyed unilateral and unparalleled status in the international affairs. But as history repeats itself, the might of American power is visibly diminishing due to neoconservative and imperialistic policies, and new centers of power are emerging to shape the “multipolar world order”.1 This essay is a study on the effects of the international terrorist organization of the world system. I will focus on how countries changed the security policy together with the effect of the terrorist activities. The 9/11 attacks showed how a small investment by terrorists could cause extraordinary level of damage. Firstly we will focus on how was the world order before the collapse of Soviet Union and 11/9 Attacks. We will see how the international system is changed after the collapse of Soviet Union. I will discuss about ‘New World Order’. In chapter two, we will look at the international system after the attacks. How it changed? What are the new actors of International Relations? What is the important thing for regional powers to become more powerful? Then, in chapter three, we will focus on some scholar’s comments about effect of 9/11 attacks on the international world politics. Chapter four will show us how are the security perceptions changing with 9/11 attacks. Last Chapter will show us the general idea of the essay.
Civil Liberties After 9/11 (2004)
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Postscripts for a "State of War": Public Administration and Civil Liberties after September 11
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Liberal and Conservative Multiculturalism after September 11
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