Moisture Dependant Physical Properties of Sunflower Seed (Psh 569)

Some engineering properties of sunflower seed and its kernel, Shahroodi variety as a case study, were investigated at various moisture content levels (3-14% d.b.) for three size categories (large, medium and small). With increase of moisture content from 3 to 14% d.b., all the main dimensions (length, width and thickness), geometric mean diameter, porosity, true density, terminal velocity and static coefficient of friction increased while bulk density and rupture force for both sunflower seed and its kernel decreased for all size categories. The results showed that the highest value of static coefficient of friction for both seed and kernel was on the rubber surface, followed by plywood, polyethylene, galvanized iron, and finally aluminium surfaces. The seeds required less compressive force to dehull when loaded under the horizontal as compared to the vertical orientation. But for kernels, the trend was the opposite. Also, the compressive forces needed to initiate rupture of sunflower seed hulls were higher (47.1-94.72 N) than those required to rupture the kernel (8.5-13.4 N) in both orientations.

Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2016

The study diagnosed engineering properties on varying moisture content of sunflower seed and kernel from 7.6 to 25% (wet basis). On increasing moisture, dimensional values increased for both seed and kernel. Bulk density, true density and porosity were found higher for kernel as compared to seed at each moisture content. On increasing the moisture content from 7.6 to 25%, true density, porosity and thousand kernel weight increased. Coefficient of static friction on plywood was found maximum for kernel at 25% moisture content, while it was minimum for seed on glass at 7.6% moisture content. The angle of repose was maximum for kernel as compared to seed. Initial cracking force, average rupture force and average rupture energy for seed and kernel decreased with an increase in the moisture content. The kernel was found to be more resistant to initial cracking than seed.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of the moisture content of the seeds on engineering properties of sunflower hybrids with different structural characteristics. The properties were evaluated at seven levels of moisture from 2.0% to 20.1% (dry basis) for three selected sunflower hybrids. For both black-hull oilseed hybrid and confectionary hybrid, the variation in moisture content showed a statistically significant effect on dehulling ability, percentage of fines (broken grains with a diameter smaller than 2 mm) and all the physical properties studied (size, true density, bulk density, porosity, volume and weight, volumetric expansion coefficient, equivalent diameter and sphericity), except seed length in the confectionary hybrid and seed length and thickness in the black-hull oilseed hybrid. For the striped-hull oilseed hybrid, moisture content showed a significant effect only on dehulling ability, percentage of fines, seed width and thickness, bulk density and porosity. Of the oilseed hybrids, the striped hull genotype (higher hull content and both lower oil content and seed size) presented a higher dehulling ability. Nevertheless, the black hull hybrid resulted more sensitive to seed moisture changes. Although the confectionary hybrid showed a higher seed size, hull thickness and hull content, and lower oil content than the oilseed hybrids, the dehulling ability resulted fairly similar in the striped hull sunflower hybrids. The results suggest that sunflower seeds with different structural characteristics need to be conditioned with different moisture content before being subjected to the dehulling process.

Agricultural Engineering International : The CIGR e-journal

For designing the dehulling, separating, threshing, sizing and planting machines for sunflower, physical and mechanical properties of sunflower seeds should be known. In this work some physical prop erties of three varieties of sunflower seeds, distance between the adjacent seeds on the sunflower head (SH), length, width, thickness, mass of the individual seeds, 1000- seeds mass, and changing these parameters with location of seeds on SH were measured. Then shape properties, including geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, projected area and volume of the seeds were calculated. Variations of the shape properties of the seeds on the SH were studied. Statistical in dices for dimensional and shape parameters were calculated. For Mikhi, Sirena, and Songhori varieties, true and bulk densities, porosity, angle of repose on wood and galvanized surfaces were calculated by using standard methods in the moisture of 9.15, 5.26 and 5.62% (w.b.), respectively. The distribution of dis...

Modern Applied Science, 2010

Physical properties are very important in design and manufacturing of harvest and post harvest machines. In this research some physical properties of sunflower seeds (SHF8190 variety) were determined as a function of moisture content in the range of 4-22 % wet basis (w.b.) using standard techniques. The average length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, equivalent diameter, arithmetic diameter, sphericity, surface area and angle of repose ranged from 12.14 to 12.57 mm, 5.79 to 6.38 mm, 3.86 to 4.09 mm, 6.47 to 6.85 mm, 6.56 to 6.97 mm, 7.27 to 7.61 mm, 53.33% to 55.42%, 112.16 to 125.01 mm 2 and 41 to 57° as the moisture content increased from 4% to 22% w.b., respectively. The thousand grain weight (TGW) increased from 80.3 to 96.8 g whereas the bulk density decreased from 410 to 380 kgm-3 and the true density from 740 to 980 kg m-3 with an increase in the moisture content range of 4-22 % w.b.The data of sunflower seeds showed that the porosity ranged from 44.59 to 61.22%. The static coefficient of friction of sunflower seeds increased linearly against different surfaces of structural materials, namely, plastic (0.29-0.55), plywood (0.36-0.53), and galvanized iron (0.36-0.55) and the static angle of repose increased from 41º to 57º, respectively when the moisture content increased from 4 % to 22% w.b.

Food Science and …, 2011

Some physical and mechanical properties of sunflower seeds were studied. The measured parameters were linear dimensions, thousand grain mass, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface and projected area, volume, shape parameters (such as flakiness ratio and elongation ratio), true and bulk densities, porosity, angle of repose and static coefficient of friction of the Shamshiri variety in the moisture range from 6.3 to 20% (w.b.) using standard methods. Average rupture force, deformation and absorbed energy at rupture point of the sunflower seeds under compression as well as the extent of physical damage to seeds due to impact were also determined over a range of moisture contents between 1.8% and 20.3% (w.b). The results showed a variation of 14.32 to 31.00 mm for length, 4.73 to 9.82 mm for width and 2.36 to 6.67 mm for thickness of sunflower seeds. The values of the thousand grain mass, seed volume, true density, bulk density and porosity of sunflower seeds were between149. 81-167.77g, 99.05-628.9 mm3, 444.39-521.78 kg/m3, 269.06-275.57 kg/m3 and 39.09-47.18% respectively. The rupture force, deformation, and absorbed energy increased with increase in moisture content from 1.8 to 14.5%, while decreased with further increasing of moisture content from 14.5 to 20.3%. The mean value of percentage of physically damaged seeds increased from 2.75 to 10.81% with increasing the impact velocity from 40.8 to 62.3 m/s. In both impact orientations, the total damaged seeds increased with increase in impact velocity for all moisture contents of seeds.

Agricultural Engineering International Cigr Journal, 2014

The physical and aerodynamic characteristics of seeds can strongly influence their movements in the agricultural machine as well as in the air. The knowledge of the physical characteristics of particles is essential for the constructors and operators of agricultural machines. In this research some physical and aerodynamic properties of two Iranian edible seeds of sunflower cultivars (Badami and Doursefid) were studied in the moisture content range from 7% to 30% wet basis (w.b.). With decrease in moisture content the true density of Badami and Doursefid decreased from 561.02 to 457.29 kg/m 3 and 509.35 to 440.50 kg/m 3 , respectively. For studying aerodynamic properties (terminal velocity and drag coefficient) the ratio of mass (g) to projected area (cm 2) of seeds were considered as K index. The terminal velocity of both seed decreased with decreasing K index and moisture content. The highest average terminal velocity was at moisture content of 30% for Badami and Doursefid as 7.08 and 6.97 m/s respectively, and the lowest was at the moisture content of 7% for both seed varieties, as 5.46 and 5.39 m/s respectively. With decrease in moisture content, drag coefficient tended to increase, so that its value for Badami and Doursefid changed from 0.59 to 0.95 and 0.52 to 0.75 respectively.

Scientific Reports , 2022

Knowing some physical and mechanical characteristics and oil percentage of sunflower seeds could be useful for harvesting and processing equipment and activities such as transportation, storage, food production processes and establishing database of this seed. The main aim of this research was to study the effect of water stress during irrigation on seed's properties and quality. For this purpose, a field experiment was done under four deficit irrigation treatments [80%, 60%, 100-80 (100% irrigation requirement ETc to seed formation, and then reduced to 80% until harvesting) and 100-60% (100% ETc to seed formation, and then reduced to 60% until harvesting)] in comparable with full irrigation (100%). Geometrical, gravimetrical and mechanical characteristics as well as oil seed content and yield of sunflower seed were estimated. Result showed that there was no significant effect of low (100-80%) and medium (80%) irrigation deficit treatments on geometrical, gravimetrical and mechanical characteristics, while applying 60% of irrigation requirement (ETc) showed a significant effect on them. On the other hand, low and medium irrigation stress treatments improved the oil yield and seed oil content. The highest increase was 8.54% and 5.6% for oil yield and oil content respectively, considering T 100-80 followed by applying 80% ETc, but with high water stress (60% ETc) oil yield and seed oil content significantly decreased.

African journal of agricultural research

Physical and mechanical properties of food crops gain importance during design, improvement and optimization of separation and cleaning. In this study, some physical and mechanical properties of corn seeds were determined as a function of moisture content in the range of 5.15 to 22% d.b. The average length, width, thickness and arithmetic diameter were increased by 6, 2.2, 1.66, and 3.3%, with increasing moisture content, respectively. In the moisture range from 5.15 to 22% d.b., the results showed that, the thousand seed mass increased from 267.7 to 305.8 g, the porosity from 31.41 to 45.98%, the static angle of repose from 42 to 57, and the coefficient of friction on compressed plastic, plywood and galvanized iron sheet surfaces were increased from 0.36 to 0.67, 0.36 to 0.6 and 0.38 to 0.57, respectively. The bulk density decreased from 679.1 to 632 kgm -3 and true density increased from 999.33 to 1170.49 kgm -3 . Moreover, surface area and volume increased as the moisture content increased. The rupture energy of the grains increased in magnitude with an increase in moisture content, while rupture force was decreasing.

Food Science and Technology International, 2003

High oleic sunflower seeds evaluated at 5.6% moisture content (dry basis) showed a surface area of approximately 102.41 mm 2 with an average length, width, thickness and unit mass of 11.526, 5.008 and 2.809 mm and 0.055 g, respectively. Corresponding values for the kernel were 8.802, 3.897 and 1.907 mm and 0.036 g. The mean equivalent diameter and sphericity of the seeds were 5.49 mm and 0.46, respectively, while corresponding values for the kernels were 4.01 mm and 0.44. True density increased, within a moisture range of 4-26% d.b., between 652 and 708 kg/m 3 for the seed, between 1015 and 1057 kg/m 3 for the kernel and between 636 and 760 kg/m 3 for the hull. The bulk density decreased from 386 to 373 kg/m 3 for seeds and from 260 to 220 kg/m 3 for hulls and increased from 535 to 553 kg/m 3 for the kernels. Porosity increased from 41.2 to 47.1% in seeds, from 47.2 to 47.7% in kernels and from 59.2 to 70.1% in hull. Terminal velocity of seeds increased with moisture content between 2.8 and 5.5 m/s for seed, between 1.8 and 3.8 m/s for kernel and between 1.1 and 1.9 m/s for hull. Drag coefficient decreased when moisture content increased and varied between 4.7 and 1.4 in seed and between 12.5 and 3.1 in kernel. Angle of repose increased with moisture content between 25 and 46 in seeds, between 35 and 55 in kernels and between 49 and 66 in hull on different surfaces and resulted higher for hull and kernel than for seed. The coefficient of static friction was higher for kernel than that for seed and hull and also was higher on wood (with grain perpendicular to the direction of the motion) and lower on acrylic and galvanised iron. This coefficient increased with moisture content from 0.23 to 0.50 for seed, from 0.37 to 0.69 for kernel and from 0.31 to 0.60 for hull. All engineering properties evaluated showed a linear dependence with moisture content, leading to simple and accurate formulae, adequate to predict their variation in the range of moisture considered.