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2012
This article discusses the development of specialised lexicography during the past twenty years. It first looks at the practical products published in this period and indicates that although the number of specialised dictionaries, encyclopaedias and other lexicographical works have never been bigger, there is no noteworthy development in terms of quality; to this should be added that this branch of lexicography has only to a limited degree exploited the possibilities created by the new electronic media, especially the Internet. The article then comments on the theoretical development of specialised lexicography in the period in question. Although some positive steps have been taken, it points to an astonishing lack of interest in this type of theoretical work, a fact expressed in the relatively reduced number of publications that does not correspond to the growing flow of practical works published in the same period. Finally, the article mentions some of the possible reasons for this lack of interest in theory as well as the challenges in head of specialised lexicography in this respect.
Lexikos, 2010
During the last decades, part of lexicography has developed into an independent science with an elaborated system of theories based on the users' needs and corresponding dictionary functions. This also applies to specialised lexicography. Many lexicographers, however, still refuse to view their discipline as an independent science and treat it as a subdiscipline, i.e. of linguistics, or they consider specialised lexicography as something different from lexicography in general (which is the case with part of the so-called terminographers). Both interpretations have unfortunate consequences for lexicographic theory and practice. The great challenge now is to strengthen lexicography as a science, and to apply its system of scientific theories to the practical planning and compilation of specialised dictionaries. A look at existing dictionaries shows that there is still a lot of work to be done. Due to economic, editorial and other limitations, a great deal of pragmatism is often practised when compiling a concrete specialised dictionary. Lexicographic pragmatism might be necessary, but in order to be successful it must be guided by theory.
Lexikos, 2010
Two main camps have been formed with regard to the philosophical and academic status of lexicography: one considering lexicography an independent scientific discipline, and the other opposing such a scientific status. This article discusses some of the arguments from the second camp and argues that lexicography should be considered an independent scientific discipline. The argumentation is based on the fact that the subject field of lexicography is different from the subject fields of any other discipline, including linguistics. In this sense, the concept of a lexicographical work is broader than the more reduced concept of a dictionary. Lexicographical works, including dictionaries, are considered cultural artefacts and utility tools produced in order to meet punctual information needs detected in society. In this way, they have during the millenniums covered almost all spheres of human activity and knowledge. The theory and science of lexicography should not focus on the differences regarding the specific content of all these works, but on aspects that unite them and are common to all of them. In this regard, some of the core characteristics of lexicography as an independent discipline are discussed together with its complex relation to other disciplines. Lexicographical theory is understood as a systematic set of statements about its subject field. Finally, the article argues that the fact that this theory may seem too abstract and difficult to some working lexicographers does not in itself invalidate its independent scientific status, although a close relation between theory and practice is recommended.
Ibérica, 2010
Lexicography. The Changing Landscape is a collection of selected papers, originally published in prestigious books and journals, which aims to present current research in the field of dictionary-making and lexicographical research in general. The book, edited by Salonee Priya, comprises 12 papers, or chapters, divided into two main sections. The papers selected constitute relevant contributions to the field of lexicography accounting for the achievements, challenges and unexpected possibilities that lexicographers come across. Therefore, the book is obviously addressed to lexicographers but also to people in general with a certain degree of expertise and interest in the hard task of dictionary-making and its technicalities. In her introduction to the book, Priya reflects on the fact that, although dictionaries are a common tool in everyday work, few people seem to realise exactly how much arduous work goes into the process of dictionary-making. The editor also provides the reader with an illuminating overview of the topic in which she reflects on lexicography and the value of dictionaries, and then goes on to deal briefly with the theme, motivation, research methods and outcome of each of the papers in the volume on an individual basis.
2016
This paper argues in favour of an adapted, extended theory of lexicography to cater for the fast-growing e-lexicography practice. We believe that such a modern general lexicographic theory should be rooted in three fundamental phases of the development of lexicographic theory, i.e. the focus on linguistic contents – Zgusta, Wiegand’s focus on dictionary structures and Bergenholtz and Tarp’s emphasis on lexicographic functions with the user in focus. Although the linguistic contents and the functions of printed and e-dictionaries can be similar, the presentation differs and that demands innovative formulations of dictionary structures. Lexicographic theory is expanded by describing and taking cognisance of all innovative technological features enabled by the computer era, including data collection and processing and data representation and interface design, in order to respond to the different needs of the envisaged target users in an optimal way. Insights from the field of informati...
2015
Dictionary-making Nuria Edo Marzá describes herself as a researcher interested in specialised lexicography, terminology, and specialised languages, and presents the specialised lexicographical approach (SLA) as “the result of a natural evolution in the field of specialised dictionary-making that goes a step further the “mere ” terminographical practice”; she also adds that the SLA will lead to the construction of “specialised, active, user-friendly, user-focused, corpus-based dictionaries deeply grounded on the belief that terminology has a practical, communicative dimension that terminographical works have not normally reflected”. The above reflection is in line with the wealth of metalexicography and dictionary-research carried out in the field of lexicography, especially by proponents of functional approaches to lexicography who have committed themselves to making specialised dictionaries aiming at satisfying the needs users have in communicative and cognitive use situations. Rec...
Lexikos, 2009
This volume contains a selection of papers read at the 12th International Symposium on Lexicography, held in Copenhagen from April 29 to May 1, 2004. Many topical issues are discussed, and even though the volume is arranged according to different lexicographical themes, there are also many common elements between the different papers. For example, sample articles selected for the empirical analyses on which the papers are based, often deal with the use of phraseology in different dictionaries, the finding of suitable translation equivalents in bilingual dictionaries, and the user-friendliness in dictionaries. In some cases, the participants have selected the same mainstream dictionaries for discussion, which means that these dictionaries are examined from different viewpoints, making the volume an interesting and useful reference work. The six parts into which the articles in this collection have been classified are online lexicography, dictionary structure, phraseology in dictionaries, LSP lexicography, dictionaries and the user, and etymology, history and culture in lexicography. The issues raised are of great importance to lexicographers, especially those working in dictionary houses and lexicography units where comprehensive lexicographical works are published and compiled, such as multivolume corpus-based monolingual dictionaries and comprehensive bilingual dictionaries. It is taken for granted that technology is part of the lexicographical process nowadays, and therefore the papers in this volume are most relevant. The main speaker was Arne Zettersten who is also the 'founding father' of this symposium (see p. ix). His paper 'Glimpses of the Future of English-based Lexicography' (pp. 299-318), found in the last part of the volume, is the Otto Jespersen Memorial Lecture, dedicated to Otto Jespersen for his direct and indirect role in promoting lexicography. Zettersten contemplates on the future use of English in lexicography, and the nature of future lexicographical works. Since English is currently a lingua franca in many spheres of the modern world, including technology and the internet, Zettersten proceeds from the assumption that this will still be the case, even when other languages such as Chinese Mandarin, Spanish, Arabic and Hindi will gain in importance. Therefore, the question 'What kind of English or Englishes do we expect in the world tomorrow?' will have to be considered. He reflects on how quickly current electronic sources such as the Encarta products by Microsoft (e.g. the Encarta World English Dictionary Online) and The Literary Encyclopedia (released in 2001) will become outdated, and what possibilities the future might hold. Especially in the field of technology, the growth of vocabulary is accelerating all the time, and printed reference works cannot keep up with the pace of change. In addition, new technical devices are produced very quickly, which opens up exciting wissenschaft 2.1. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter.
2011
Continuous technological progress has had a considerable impact on dictionary--making, both on how dictionaries are made, and the format(s) in which they are presented to the user. There has been an ongoing discussion on whether electronic dictionaries will slowly replace paper dictionaries, and in many parts of the world, this has already taken place. It is now the time of online dictionaries and dictionary apps - the users want to click, tap, slide, etc. But dictionary users that use these new technologies are putting new demands on dictionary--makers. It is now often expected that dictionaries are free, offer quick access to all the types of information in them, contain every single word in existence, and include other types of features, e.g. grammar, games, blogs and forums. The question is thus no longer about electronic format competing with the paper format, but more about how to utilize the many advantages of electronic medium to make dictionaries as user friendly as possible. There is another group of users that have been affected by technological progress, namely lexicographers themselves. As corpora get larger and larger, there is more and more data to analyse. Also, the existence of different dictionary formats means that the needs of different types of users have to be met. It is thus essential that the lexicographers are provided with tools that speed up their work, and automate the procedures that do require little human intervention. The papers found in these proceedings from the eLex 2011 conference on electronic lexicography, which took place between November 10 th and 12 th in Bled, Slovenia, contain the reports on electronic dictionaries or ongoing lexicographic projects that seek to address some of these issues. The interest in the conference by both members of the academia and representatives of the industry is clear evidence that electronic lexicography needs an event where current projects are presented and topical issues are discussed. We would like to thank everyone who contributed to the success of the conference: the keynote speakers, the presenters, the sponsors, the programme committee, and the organising committee.
2010
The present book contains a collection of works developing new trends in theoretical and practical lexicography devoted to manifold description of lexis. All papers are divided into two main sections: Part I, Systemic and Cross-cultural Relations of Words in the Dictionary, presents analysis of cultural issues and phraseology with special reference to English dictionaries for general- and specific-purposes. The main focus is given to the principles of lexicographic presentation of non-equivalent lexis, idioms, cliches, nominations of non-verbal behaviour and proper names of people in bilingual and monolingual dictionaries. Part II, entitled Specialized Dictionaries: Traditions and Innovations, deals with peculiarities of Author Lexicography, Learners lexicography, LSP dictionaries, dictionaries of English verbs, and varieties of the English language in its synchronic and diachronic aspects. This book is based on plenary presentations of the VIIIth school on Lexicography "Synchr...
Lexikos, 2010
Lexicography has much to contribute to the information and knowledge society. The very essence of lexicography is its capacity to provide quick and easy access to data from which information needed by different types of users in different types of social situations can be retrieved. In this respect, the article discusses the concepts of information and knowledge related to lexicographic theory. On this basis, it argues that lexicography, if it concentrates on its core capacity, has the potential to be projected beyond the limits of known dictionaries. It proposes that besides the communicative and cognitive user situations that have already been dealt with in lexicographic literature, a third situation, the so-called operational situation, should also be added to the situations relevant to lexicographic theory. In this regard, it points out that other reference works than those traditionally discussed in lexicographic theory should be added to the list of utility tools that may benefit from a lexicographic approach.
Atti Del Xii Congresso Internazionale Di Lessicografia Torino 6 9 Settembre 2006 Vol 2 2006 Isbn 88 7694 918 6 Pags 1241 1247, 2006
In this paper we present the EURALEX conference proceedings bibliography 1983-2004 compiled by the authors and distributed at this conference. We discuss the fields we chose to include in the database and briefly discuss its structure. The preparation of this bibliography led us to consider the changes the research field of lexicography has undergone over the years. We briefly compare the topics discussed in Euralex conference proceedings with articles published in the International Journal ofLexicography and in Dictionaries, thejournal ofthe Dictionary Society of North America. * The authors would like to express their gratitude to the EURALEX Executive Board, who enthusiastically endorsed our proposal for a bibliography in digital format from the outset. The cost of the preparation of the CD-ROM was partially offset by a grant from EURALEX. The research carried out here also benefitted from a grant awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (BFF2003-08043: La gramática de los sustantivos en los diccionarios bilingües y de aprendizaje.
Lexikos, 2020
Restricted dictionaries are fully-fledged dictionaries and their contribution to lexicography should never be underestimated. Because restricted dictionaries often are neglected in lexicographic discussions this article emphasises the significance of their role as members of the lexicographic family. Within a comprehensive dictionary culture the focus should not only be on dictionaries dealing with languages for general purposes but also on dictionaries in which languages for special purposes are treated. This paper firstly offers some terminological clarity and distinguishes between subject field dictionaries and special field dictionaries. The user-perspective is then discussed before it is shown how aspects of a general theory of lexicography also prevail in these dictionaries. This applies among others to the subtypological classification as well as different lexicographic functions. Using a dictionary from each of the categories of subject field and special field dictionaries it is indicated how dictionary structures are employed and further developed in an innovative way. Attention is given to structures like the article structure and the frame structure and to a transtextual approach in monolingual dictionaries with a bilingual dimension. The focus in the discussion of the subject field dictionary is on different aspects of the macrostructure. An explanation is given of double-layered sublemmata and it is shown how integrated macrostructures are employed in this dictionary. It is indicated how this section of the lexicographic practice can enrich the field of metalexicography and dictionary research.
Iberica, 2012
Terminology, 2003
Terminalia, 2014
This book is an update on the Function Theory of Lexicography that offers convincing arguments on the independent academic status of lexicography as well as its association with related disciplines. It discusses the topic of e-lexicography in full, from its theoretical foundations to its practical application in the design, compilation and updating of high-quality specialised online dictionaries.
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