Evaluation of Sensor Response Characteristics

2009

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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

2020

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada à Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desenvolvimento de Software e Sistemas Interativos.Os recentes avanços tecnológicos e o crescente uso dos dispositivos móveis tem permitido o surgimento de vários estudos em diferentes áreas da vida humana. Estes dispositivos estão equipados com diversos sensores que permitem adquirir diferentes parâmetros físicos e fisiológicos de diferentes indivíduos. Os dispositivos móveis apresentam-se com cada vez mais soluções, funcionalidades e capacidade de processamento. A presença de sensores nos dispositivos móveis, como o acelerómetro, magnetómetro e giroscópio, permite a aquisição de sinais relacionados com atividade física e movimento do ser humano. Em acréscimo, dado que estes dispositivos incluem possibilidade de ligação via Bluetooth, outros sensores podem ser utilizados em conjunto com os sensores...

Biotechnology Advances, 1996

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2016

The biological sensor has played a significant and contributory role in the area of medical science and healthcare industry. Owing to critical healthcare usage, it is essential that such type of sensors should be highly robust, sustainable under the adverse condition and highly fault tolerant against any forms of possible system failure in future. A massive amount of research work has been done in the area of the sensor network. However, works done in biological sensors are quite less in number. Hence, this manuscript highlights all the significant research work towards the line of discussion for evaluating the effective in the techniques for performance evaluation of biological sensor. The study finally explores the problems and discusses it under research gap. Finally, the manuscript gives highlights of the future direction of the work to solve the research gap explored from the proposed review of the existing system.

Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2003

Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation, 2013

Historically, physiological sensors used for measuring respiratory, cardiovascular and electrodermal activity have been used with polygraph devices and sleep laboratories. Periodic testing of these sensors is imperative to maintain sound performance of the measurement device. This thesis presents an Electronic and Electromechanical Tester (EET) for physiological sensors used with polygraph instruments that can accurately and repeatedly reproduce both physiological signals originating from the human body as well as computer-generated signals. The tester is interfaced to a personal computer via USB and contains the following four time-synchronous channels: two electromechanical simulators for testing abdominal and thoracic respiratory sensors, an electromechanical simulator for testing a sphygmomanometer used to capture cardiovascular activity, and an electronic simulator for testing electrodermal sensors. All of the simulated physiological channels apply direct physical actuation to the corresponding sensors. Specifics of software architecture and hardware implementation are included along with validation examples and test results. System identification techniques are discussed and transfer function models are defined. Based on these transfer function models, a compensator is designed with a goal of improving validation test data. The EET demonstrated its ability to reproduce physiological signals with adequate accuracy and repeatability. Finally, future systematic improvements as well as additional application areas are explored. iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS AC Alternating current a c Acceleration profile for cardiovascular channel ADC Analog to digital converter a r Acceleration profile for respiratory channel cm Centimeter CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check DACA_ASCII Standard output file format for polygraph examinations DC Direct current EDA Electrodermal activity EEPROM Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory EET Electronic and Electromechanical Tester EKG Electrocardiogram E MEAN Mean absolute difference between test signals and mean signal E REF Mean absolute difference between test signals and reference signal F Force f c Maximum actuation frequency for cardiovascular channel FIFO First-in first-out; method for organizing a data buffer f r Maximum actuation frequency for respiratory channel G(s) Continuous-time subsystem transfer function G 1 (s) Transfer function defined as S/I PC Personal computer r(t) Reference signal used in validation tests S Used to describe linear displacement of actuator carriage v SRAM Static random-access memory STD Standard deviation STD MEAN Average standard deviation of test signals relative to their mean T Torque USB Universal Serial Bus v c Velocity profile of cardiovascular channel v r Velocity profile of respiratory channel x c Position profile of cardiovascular channel x r Position profile of respiratory channel x(t) Test signals obtained from validation tests ω c Maximum angular frequency for cardiovascular channel ω r Maximum angular frequency for respiratory channel Σ N Sigma notation; summation of terms from 1 to N vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to thank my fellow students, friends and faculty members that have made the completion of this thesis a success. Firstly, I would like to thank Andrew Price and Nagaraj Hegde for their involvement in this research project. I would like to especially thank Dr. Haskew for all his support during the completion of this research project and thesis, and for providing me with guidance through my graduate studies. Many thanks to Dr. Sazonov for allowing me to be a part of this research project, as well as to my committee members Dr. Ricks and Dr. Williams for your valuable input into my research. The members of my committee have made contributions that have not only made this thesis possible, but have also inspired me in the progress of my research. I would like to thank Dr. Dollins for his support during this project, and for the many hours he spent in off-site testing and collecting data. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their unconditional love and support through my academic progress.

Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, 2019

Lineer hizlandiricidan yayilan 18 MV’luk X-isinlari ile isinlanan RadFET’lerin radyasyon cevaplari, esik voltaj kaymalari ve tuzak yogunluklari uzerinden incelenmistir. Isinlamadan once ve sonra esik voltajlari olculerek karsilastirilmistir. Cesitli teknikler kullanilarak kapi oksitinde ve oksit/silikon arayuzeyinde hesaplanan tuzak yogunluklari degerlendirilmistir. ΔVth – D grafigi, yaklasik 2 Gy’e kadar mukemmel dogrusallik gostermistir. RadFET’in radyasyon cevabi, elektrik alan perdelemesi tarafindan uyarilan oksit tuzak yuklerinin artmasiyla 2 Gy sonrasinda dogrusalliktan sapmaya baslamistir. Deneysel sonuclar, RadFET’ler icin verilen fit fonksiyonuyla iyi bir uyum icindedir. Isinlama sonucunda olusan sabit ve anahtarlama tuzaklari incelenmistir. Sabit tuzaklarin yogunlugu, anahtarlama tuzaklarinin yogunlugundan onemli bir miktar daha yuksek olarak bulunmustur. Sifir kapi voltaji altinda olculen esik voltajlarindan yuzde zayiflama araligi %0.004 – %1.235 olarak hesaplanmistir.

Sensor & Is Applications Series 4, 2018

This book is a compilation of chapters that are related to sensors technology and their applications, particularly in the engineering system. This book not only covers sensors use in industrial processes, but also sensors that are used for intelligent system for games and also sensors that are used for flow measurement. This book consists of eleven chapters that cover the sensors used in various systems and applications, including tomography applications, a portable emergency power pack, an artificial intelligent mobile robot, an anti-theft system, a smart walking cane, pipe leakage detection, a system for human detection device for urban search and rescue, and a smart solar charger controller. Each book chapter discusses the details of the sensors used for the applications, including the methods for the detections.

Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2020

Analytical Chemistry, 2001

Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 2021

Monitoring of anatomical structures and physiological processes by electrical impedance has attracted scientists as it is noninvasive, nonionizing and the instrumentation is relatively simple. Focused Impedance Method (FIM) is attractive in this context, as it has enhanced sensitivity at the central region directly beneath the electrode configuration minimizing contribution from neighboring regions. FIM essentially adds or averages two concentric and orthogonal combinations of conventional Tetrapolar Impedance Measurements (TPIM) and has three versions with 4, 6, and 8 electrodes. This paper describes the design and testing of a multi-frequency FIM (MFFIM) system capable of measuring all three versions of FIM at 8 frequencies in the range 10 kHz-1 MHz. A microcontroller based multi-frequency signal generator and a balanced Howland current source with high output impedance (476 kΩ at 10 kHz and 58.3 kΩ at 1 MHz) were implemented for driving currents into biological tissues with an error <1%. The measurements were carried out at each frequency sequentially. The peak values of the amplified voltage signals were measured using a novel analogue synchronous peak detection technique from which the transfer impedances were obtained. The developed system was tested using TPIM measurements on a passive RC Cole network placed between two RC networks, the latter representing skin-electrode contact impedances. Overall accuracy of the measurement was very good (error <4% at all frequencies except 1 MHz, with error 6%) and the resolution was 0.1 Ω. The designed MFFIM system had a sampling rate of >45 frames per second which was deemed adequate for noninvasive real-time impedance measurements on biological tissues.

Materials Today, 2003

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