Disjointed Letters in the Quran

29 surah of the Quran start with abbreviations which have never been satisfactorily explained. This paper considers not only Arabic but also other Semitic languages, as well as Latin and Greek. Acronyms were widely used in each of these languages, but Hebrew is considered to have the greatest number. Hypotheses are offered for: EL+ R (God's spirit), EL + M (God's kingdom), H Hashem and T for Torah.

2013

Disjointed letters, also called disconnected, opening, or muqattaat letters, (in Arabic: ‫املقطعة‬ ‫)الحروف‬ are characters that are put in the beginning of some chapters of the holy Qur'an, and which are pronounced discontinuously, such as acronyms or abbreviations. For a long time, there has been no clear explanation of their significance or at least no unanimous interpretation. In fact, different attempts to explain them were done, but no clear proofs of their interpretations were presented. This situation prompted us to make a text mining investigation in order to see if it is possible to find any explanation for this mysterious enigma. Hence, seven different approaches of text analysis are made: size based analysis, character frequency based analysis, lexical analysis, philosophical analysis, character N-gram based analysis, Qur'an based analysis and arithmetic analysis. The different quoted investigations did not give a clear explanation of the enigma, but they led to several interesting conclusions.

Final_version_of_Mphil_thesis1_29_Jan_2011, 2011

By: Ahsan ur Rahman Huroof ul Muqatta'at Text: ALM (Alif Laam Meem) Tamplates in six Qur'anic chapters This work collects data from the six Alif laam meem prefixed chapters of the Holy Qur’an and subjects it to textual analysis first for the presence of phoneme occurrences and then for morphemes made of these phonemes. The three alphabets are studied at the micro level that is the composition of the letters themselves is also under consideration in the survey of the said chapters. The macro level is, then, studied which here means the overall distribution of the phonemes of the alphabet in the six Qur’anic chapters. Results have been presented in the table form. Consistency has been found through various testing of the text. The results showed an extra ordinary presence of the phonemes related to the prefixed letters, then other chapters were checked to see the difference of occurrence, which showed that the surahs with prefixed letters were more frequent in the occurrence of the related phonemes while other surahs lacked in such occurrences. Having established this the templates formed of these letters were also checked and cross checked which showed similarity of results that is the surahs with prefixed letters had the Alif laam meem templates more while the surahs without these letters did not. The significance of these occurrences has been related to the sonority and melody of the Qur’anic text in the final section of this work. Dr. Ahsan ur Rehman

Arabic alphabet - The Bahá'í Studies.pdf, 2013

The Arabic alphabet (Arabic: abjadiyyah ‘arabiyyah) or Arabic abjad is the Arabic script as it is codified for writing the Arabic language. It is written from right to left, in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters. Because letters usually stand for consonants, it is classified as an abjad. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply. Other Referrence: A formula for finding a letter's corresponding number in Mispar Gadol https://www.academia.edu/26817636/MISPAR_GODAL

Print-published in Clavis 2 (2013), 175-189. Note, however, that almost all Arabic letter series in the printed version were typeset in reverse order (or wholly disordered, if they span two lines), errors that could easily have been rectified had the promised page proofs been provided.

This article is intended to supplement Tawfiq Canaan's 1937 review “The Decipherment of Arabic Talismans,” which was republished in 2004. It draws on both medieval and modern material for illustration, and contains some novel suggestions as to how certain magical formulae may have evolved from Qurʾānic templates. The focus of the paper is on series of Arabic letters where the characters have been written in their “isolated” or “disconnected” forms; the most popular of these privileged letter series turn out to have colorful Qurʾānic origins or associations which are not well served by existing commentaries in English. The survey commences with the nineteen-letter basmalla and then addresses the fourteen Letters of Light, including the full-length Name of the Mysteries and two five-letter “crowning words” from the muqaṭṭaʿāt letter-sequences of the Qurʾān. It moves on to the seven letters of the lower darkness, the sawāqiṭ. Subsequently, it examines the seven Letters of Bahteh from the al-qādirat and the seven component letters of the Qurʾānic phrase “strong, severe.” Finally, it reviews the seven-letter strings that comprise the seven ṭahaṭīl names, and the eighth name that is their acronym. Many of the letter series presented in this paper feature in the work of the Egyptian magician Aḥmad al-Būnī (d. 622/1225), who sought to deflect suspicions of demonolatry or polytheism by grounding his magical practices in the Qurʾān and in the letters making up particular Qurʾānic verses. With the significance of those letters amplified by the use of disconnected writing, the resulting paradigm has remained prominent in the books and talismans of Islamic magic from the thirteenth century CE through to the present day.

International Journal of Advanced Research, 2020

For the first time, an objective text analysis of the Prefixed letters known as mystery letters, Huroof-e- Muqatta’at (cut letters) referred to as Prefaced Letters in this paper. The study of these letters had been a closed subject for a long time till the author reopened it with pure Textual Linguistic and Stylistic tools. A Stylistic Approach that adopts the functional linguistic approach with additional help from Katamba’s morphological templates to follow Stylistic analysis of the Qur'anic texts in order to propose a meaningful linguistic role of the ‘prefaced letters’ in this paper. Theory in linguistics and the stylistic analysis of the complex relations in the Qur'anic chapters reveal specific cohesive and coherent character to these letters. This research shows that apparently undecipherable letters interconnect the long Qur'anic chapters and their series and the context and structure of the Qur'an are reread and explained in terms of a contemporary linguisti...

International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation

The Qur’ān is a marvellous book which contains various miraculous signs. Amongst its miracle is the use of polysemous words in the Book. An interpreter of the Qur’ān who does not acquaint himself with the proper use of Arabic words will mislead not only himself but others following such interpretation. The exegesis of the Book requires advanced knowledge of the Arabic Language and its branches to grasp the deep meanings of the Qur’ān. This article focuses on nafaqa mentioned in one hundred and seven (107) places in the Qur’ān as a case study of the polysemous nature of the Qur’ān and how it is being used in different ways as nouns, verbs or adjectives. As such, only expert exegetes can understand how these words are being used without misinterpreting the Qur’ān.