Supercritical fluid extraction of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn

Journal of The American Oil Chemists Society, 2010

The essence oil of the Alpinia oxyphylla seed has been used as a vasodilatatory and analgesic agent in pharmacology. The extraction of the essence oil in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) from Alpinia oxyphylla seeds was investigated. Small particles were obtained after breaking open, sieving, and drying from the Alpinia oxyphylla seeds. The small particles were placed in a 5-L extraction tank in a temperature-controlled system. The CO2 flow rate of the system was set at 1 L/min in this study. Response surface methodology with a three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of the reaction parameters such as extraction time (1, 2, 3 h), temperature (45, 55, 65 °C), and pressure (20, 30, 40 MPa), on the extraction yield of the essence oil from Alpinia oxyphylla seeds. The results indicate that the extraction pressure was the most important parameter affecting the yield of the essence oil. A model for the estimation of the yield was developed. Based on the analysis of ridge max, the optimal extraction conditions were established as an extraction time of 2.8 h, a temperature of 67.5 °C, and a pressure of 28.5 MPa, with an expected yield of 2.78%. Extraction of Alpinia oxyphylla essence oil in SC-CO2 under these optimal conditions was conducted, and a yield of 2.77 ± 0.19% was obtained.

Talanta, 2005

The extraction of bioactive compounds from sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) with supercritical carbon dioxide has been studied. The samples were treated in four different ways and the effects of two factors (pressure and temperature) were investigated at 100, 500 bar and 35, 50 • C. The best yields were obtained using a high temperature and a high pressure (50 • C and 500 bar). The dry samples produced better extraction yields than the moist samples. The bioactivities of the extracts were compared for the samples treated in different ways. The best activity profiles were obtained for the moist samples extracted at 35 • C and 500 bar.

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2007

An analysis of the application of supercritical carbon dioxide in the extraction of bioactive compounds from Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower) has been carried out. The influence of different variables, including pre-treatment of the sample, temperature, pressure and modifiers, was investigated. The samples were either dried or not dried and the extraction conditions were as follows: 35-50 • C, 100-500 bar, and addition of 5% of methanol, water or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as a modifier. The best extraction yields were achieved on a dried sample at a temperature of 50 • C and a pressure of 500 bar using a 5% water as a modifier.

A great variety of natural plants provide an important source of bioactive compounds having interesting applications in sensitive fields like food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, particularly with the development of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Therefore the present study focused on the study of this technique to extract valuable bioactive substances from seeds of a local natural plant known as Peganum harmala. The properties of the extracts were also considered, particularly insisting on the antioxidant activity potential. The extraction yield was optimized and the corresponding operating conditions were determined. A Box-Behnken statistical design was used to investigate the effect of operating parameters like pressure, temperature and particle size at a fixed supercritical CO 2 flow rate of 50 g min − 1 for an extraction time of 180 min. Furthermore, the total antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was assessed using the 2, 2diphényl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method whereas the Response surface methodology (RSM) combined with Box-Behnken design was used for the optimization of process key parameters. The highest extraction yield was achieved at a pressure of 300 bar, a temperature of 55 • C and a particle size of 0.3 mm. A maximum total phenolic content (TPC) and a 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50) of 79.04 mg GAE/g E and 172.199 μg/mL, respectively were obtained at 100 bar and 35 • C for a particle size of 0.9 mm, whereas a total flavonoid content of 7.10 mg QE/g E was obtained still at 35 • C and for a particle size of 0.9 mm but at a pressure of 170.7 bar. Finally supercritical CO 2 extraction showed to be an efficient technology, creating an added value through bioactive compounds with targeted properties like the antioxidant activity.

2019

In Pharmacognosy, extraction of phytochemicals is one of the most fundamental process, which have Witnessed Sea of changes over the period. From centuries, we are striving to develop more effective ways to extract valuable constituents. Starting with galanicals, different solvents, steam, microwave, heat, different methods and equipments all were tried at the best to extract as much as possible. The latest among these is Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). In this advent, carbon dioxide (CO2) is mainly used as mobile phase for separation of compounds. This technique is modern, fast and scalable, which can be used to extract, isolate and separate. SFE enjoys some advantages like ultra-pure quality, higher extraction yield and low solvent residue. SFE has been applied to wide variety of materials including natural products, drugs, foods, pesticides, herbicides, surfactants, polymers and polymer additives, fossils fuels, petroleum, explosives and propellants. In coming years, supercr...

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has become a focus of interest for extraction of natural material in the area of food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries due to its preeminent properties. The extraction of bioactive compounds from Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L) Vahl using supercritical CO 2 was conducted in static mode. The extraction experiments were carried out at various pressures and three different temperatures (313, 323, and 333 K). The central composite design combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to construct the experimental design. Pressure and temperature have a positive effect on the amount of phenolic compounds, flavonoid compounds, and alkanoid compounds extracted using supercritical CO 2 . Chrastil model can represent the experimental data well. Several compounds were identified in the SJL extract such as Gallic acid, catechin, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin. The concentration of bioactive compounds in SJL extract obtained by supercritical CO 2 extraction is: Gallic acid 4.43 mg/L, caffeic acid 93.64 mg/L, quercetin 19.72 mg/L, catechin 15.39 mg/L, and p-coumaric Acid 9.78 mg/L. The amount of phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid compounds extracted increased with the increase in pressure and temperature. Chrastil model could represent the solubility of the bioactive compounds in the extract quite well.

2016

Recently, there is an increasing interest to include plant derived compounds both in cosmetic and nutraceutical products. However, majority of these compounds are hard to isolate and some biologically active compounds are usually in low concentration. Furthermore, conventional extraction processes are mostly time consuming with high usage of toxic solvent. Thus, carbon dioxide (CO2) which generally recognized as safe solvent can be a promising alternative to extract the plant derived compounds. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction was compared with conventional soxhlet extraction for the extraction of α- mangostin from pericarps of Garcinia mangostana. The optimization was carried out using Box-Behnken Design. Three parameters were manipulated in SC-CO2 optimization process which included extraction pressure (20 to 30 MPa), extraction temperature (40 to 60 °C) and percentage of ethanol as co solvent (0 to 3%) at fixed sample particle size of 0.10-0.50 mm a...

Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan, 2011

In the present study, sunflower leaves were extracted using an analytical-scale SFE under a wide range of extracting conditions with the objective of determining not only the best extraction conditions but also the variables that control the process in terms of the extraction yields and bioactivities of the extracts obtained. The results showed that 15 % of water as a modifier of carbon dioxide is the most efficient solvent to obtained the best extraction yields. However, the best activity profiles were obtained for the samples extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide and 5% water at 500 bar. The extract obtained in a pilot plant with CO 2 and 5 % H 2 O at 400 bar and 50 ºC was fractionated and 5 major compounds were identified: tambulin, heliannone A, kaempferol-3-glucoside, niveusin B, and pinoresinol.

Phytochemical Analysis, 2014

Introduction-Plants from the Lamiaceae family have been known traditionally for their beneficial health-promoting properties, attributed to their anti-inflammatory, anaesthetic and anti-microbial effects. Objective-The purposes of this study was to characterise the essential oils from four Lamiaceae plants by applying different extraction techniques. Methods-Accelerated solvent (ASE), Soxhlet and supercritical fluid (SFE) extraction methods were compared for their efficiency in obtaining the essential oils from plants. The volatile compounds were identified by GC-MS and the main chemotype was quantified by GC with flame ionisation detection (FID). Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC and electrospray ionisation (ESI) with MS/MS. Results-The essential oils Mentha piperita (ct. menthol/menthone), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (ct. eucalyptol/camphor) and Origanum vulgare (ct. carvacrol/thymol), whereas Thymus vulgaris L. was found to be a pure chemotype (ct. thymol). All three extracts also contained six phenolic compounds. The highest extraction yields were achieved by the Soxhlet and ASE techniques, with M. piperita and R. officinalis L. producing the highest concentrations of rosmarinic and carnosic acids. Finally, it was observed that M. piperita and O. vulgare produced the highest total phenolic content, whereas R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L. produced the highest anti-oxidant activity. Conclusion-The ASE and Soxhlet extraction techniques presented the highest yields of volatile and phenolic compounds, showing their suitability to characterise the chemical profile of aromatic plants.

Journal of Essential Oil Research, 2001

The flowers of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. cariensis (Boiss.) Rozeira were extracted in both a batch and semicontinuous system by supercritical CO,. In the first stage, experiments were performed in a batch system based on response surface methodology (RSM). Parameters used were pressure, temperature, mixing speed and extraction time, and were coded as, X,, X;, X, andX,, respectively. These parameters were investigated at three levels (-1,O and 1). The dependent variable, Y, was taken as the volatile concentrate yield of supercritical fluid extraction. It was calculated with respect to the yield of solvent extraction by dichloromethane. In the second stage, experiments were carried out in a semi-continuous system at constant pressure and temperature, and different CO, flow rates. Concentrations of volatile components were determined as a function of extraction time and CO, residence time.