Coastal sea water parsites 23-2-2014

Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 2014

Background The main objective of the study was the assessment of the prevalence and the identification of species of human gastrointestinal parasites as an indicator of the pollution of the seashore of Gaza City. Methods The investigation was conducted by analysis of the parasitic contamination of seawater along the study area. A total of 52 samples of seawater were analyzed during the summer period; from June to October 2011. The study area was divided into six zones (A, B, C, D, E and F) according to specific criteria such as the presence of the wastewater discharge points and other geographical characteristics. Results The results show that about 48% of the seawater samples from the shoreline region of Gaza City were contaminated with parasites. Zones A, B and D (mouth of Wadi Gaza, Al Sheikh Ejleen discharge and Al Shalehat discharge points respectively) have the highest level of parasitic contamination, while, zones C and E (From Al-Baydar restaurant to Khalel Alwazer Mosque and the basin of the Gaza marina respectively) had a lower level of contamination and zone F (From the northern part of the Gaza marina to the Intelligence Building) was uncontaminated. The parasitic species found were: Safaris lumbricoides, Giardia lamblia, Strongyloides stercoralis, Hymenolepis nana, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Cryptosporidium parvum. Conclusions The present study revealed a high level of contamination with parasites at most of the points which were investigated along the Gaza City coast line.

2013

The study was implemented to test if the sandy shoreline of Gaza city is contaminated with human gastrointestinal parasites or not and to determine the types of intestinal parasites and the extent of contamination. A total of 104 sand samples (52 dry sand and 52 wet sand) were analyzed during the summer season period. Samples were collected from the study area of about 12km along the seashore region of Gaza City. Dry samples and wet sand samples were analyzed using water-sedimentation technique and a light microscope. The results showed that the percentage of the parasitic contamination was 40.4% of the wet sand samples and 34.6% of the dry sand samples along the shoreline region of the Gaza City. The human gastrointestinal parasites detected were the following: Ascaris lumbricoides, S. stercoralis, E. vermicularis, E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia, E. coli and Taenia. spp. The findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of parasitic contamination between the dry and wet sand samples at confidence level of p-value < 0.05. It is recommended to conduct a periodical routine sampling of sand at the swash zone because the results of this study showed that the wet and the dry sand may pose a high level of health risk. Residents should be informed clearly by posting signs indicating polluted areas to keep them safe.

The study was implemented to test if the sandy shoreline of Gaza city is contaminated with human gastrointestinal parasites or not and to determine the types of intestinal parasites and the extent of contamination. A total of 104 sand samples (52 dry sand and 52 wet sand) were analyzed during the summer season period. Samples were collected from the study area of about 12km along the seashore region of Gaza City. Dry samples and wet sand samples were analyzed using water-sedimentation technique and a light microscope. The results showed that the percentage of the parasitic contamination was 40.4% of the wet sand samples and 34.6% of the dry sand samples along the shoreline region of the Gaza City. The human gastrointestinal parasites detected were the following: Ascaris lumbricoides, S. stercoralis, E. vermicularis, E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia, E. coli and Taenia. spp. The findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of parasitic contamination between the dry and wet sand samples at confidence level of p-value < 0.05. It is recommended to conduct a periodical routine sampling of sand at the swash zone because the results of this study showed that the wet and the dry sand may pose a high level of health risk. Residents should be informed clearly by posting signs indicating polluted areas to keep them safe.

‫ان‬ ‫ﻋﻤر‬ ‫آل‬ ، 18 ( I Dedication Dedication Dedication Dedication To To To To My country and my people, the soul of my father, my beloved mother, great wife, sons, brothers and sisters, many thanks are due to all of you for your unmatched love and support. This work would not be possible without you.

This study has been conducted to comprehensively investigate and determine the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the seawater quality of northern Gaza Strip. The main objective of the study is to identify the characteristic of the near shore water quality and to determine the extent of compliance with the Palestinian local standards, WHO and other international standards. The investigation was conducted through analysis of seawater samples from six sites along the coastal water of northern Gaza Strip. The total samples 168 (84 for physicochemical and 84 for microbiological) were analyzed during the winter season period (8/2011 to 12/2011). Samples were collected from the study area of about 14 km along the seashore region from Wadi Gaza until Al-Forisa Club in the north. The study area was divided into six sites (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) according to several criteria such as the presence of pollution points of direct and indirect and the most crowded areas of swimmers and sea visitors. The analysis of the results shows significant spatial and temporal variations in the physico-chemical parameters (turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrates, and total dissolved solids) but no significant variations in pH and water temperature. On the other hand, the analysis of the results shows significant variations in the microbiological indicators (total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and pseudomonas aeruginosa) which is apparently due to raw sewage discharge. Analysis of variance confirmed that sites close to the raw sewage discharge points had significantly higher levels of total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and pseudomonas aeruginosa than sites free from any sewage discharge. The data indicate high microbiological contamination of seawater above internationally accepted limits, especially at sites close to sewage outlets. Turbidity, electrical conductivity, nitrates, and total dissolved solids levels also varied significantly also under the influence of sewage discharge. Based on the main findings of the current study, negative health impacts on Gaza Strip population especially seashore visitors, are expected. Several recommendations that may help in controlling and/or protecting the coastal area and the marine ecosystem in the study area have been suggested. They mainly include; the construction of new wastewater treatment plants and upgrading the existing ones, routine monitoring of the pollution level of the coastal area especially the recreational zones and development of a national program for the protection of the marine environment that can be enforced by setting the necessary rules and regulations. The study recommended finally; the need for further studies to assess the health impacts of the seawater pollution.

mental

Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences

Purpose: The aim of this study is to detect the presence of waterborne parasites in the treated wastewater in Rada&#39;a city. Study Design: An Experimental Research Design. Materials and Methods: Waterborne parasites in the collected samples were concentrated using formol ether and zinc sulphate techniques and then microscopically analyzed to identify protozoa and helminth eggs. Fifteen treated sewage samples were randomly collected from different positions of wastewater treatment plant in three different months of 2019 (May, June and August) with three replications. Each sample was collected in one-litre volume and recorded as original sample. Parasite analysis was done using the McMaster worm egg counting slides with chamber size of 0.3 mm. Results: In this study, Giardia lamblia was found in a high percentage in comparison to other parasites, followed by Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba coli. The majority of parasite eggs in the treated wastewater samples were related to Hookwo...

Annals of parasitology, 2014

Intestinal parasitic diseases in Gaza Strip are a significant health problem. The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection among patients in the five governorates of the Gaza Strip. A cross- sectional parasitological survey was conducted on 600 patients. Stool specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of parasite eggs or larvae/cysts per wet amount by the saline iodine and formol-ether concentration method. Of 600 subjects examined, 245 (40.8%) were infected with one or more intestinal parasites. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and Giardia lamblia were the most prevalent parasites amongst the population (28.8%), (9.5%). Female patients demonstrated a higher prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (42.7%) than males (39.0%). However, this difference was not significant (p&gt;0.05). According to occupation, the rate of infection was highest among farmers (56.0%), followed by employers (44.2%) with laborers showing the lowest rate (...

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2017

In order to establish seawater contamination by emerging protozoan parasites, we used qPCR to molecularly characterize and evaluate the parasitic burden of Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and Cyclospora cayetanensis in 1255 wild bivalve mollusks collected along the Tunisian coasts. T. gondii, G. duodenalis and C. cayetanensis were detected in 6.9% (99% CI = 1.6-12.2%) pools of Ruditapes decussatus. None of the samples were found positive to Cryptosporidium spp.; 6.6% pools of R. decussatus were positive for T. gondii Type I, 1.6% for G. duodenalis assemblage A, and 1.6% for the association T. gondii Type I/C. cayetanensis/G. duodenalis assemblage A. R. decussatus harbored up to 77500 oocysts/sample of T. gondii, up to 395 cysts/sample of G. duodenalis, and 526 oocysts/sample of C. cayetanensis. These results provide the first evidence that the Tunisian coasts are contaminated by zoonotic protozoan parasites that can constitute a direct or indirect risk for human health.

A total of 17 points along the Gaza strip beach were sampled twice per month for 12 months. Samples were evaluated chemically by testing for Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Microbiological examination was also conducted using Faecal Coliforms (FC) and Faecal Streptococci (FS) as indicators. Salmonellae were looked after as pathogenic organisms. The results of this screening program, showed great seasonal variations. Many correlations were found, e.g., sewage input and bathing water quality and anthropogenic activities in relation to microbiological and chemical contamination, rainfall and sea tide. These factors affect both quality and quantity of contaminating organisms. Rehabilitation of some locations was proven to be possible. This study proves that some locations along Gaza Sea shore are heavily contaminated as shown by the microbial contents and BOD. Hence, the public should be informed by authorities concerning possible hazards of swimming and fishing at these points. In addition, corrective measures must be taken. It is recommended to launch continuous surveillance programs using other indicators, such as, Coliphage and specific Enterococcus in addition to FC and FS.