recidivism

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2004

There has been lots of dscussion on this topic in various studes both national and international, that there exists a correlation between substance abuse and violence. It was found that in as many as 50°/o of these cases, family members are objects of violence and addtionally they have to suffer from the substance-induced problems of patients. It has been also found in some studies that as many as 16.6% of the minor crimes are associated with substance abuse. Many of the crimes committed r are also under the influence of alcohol in drunken state. It is also evident that as compared to general population these offenders have superimposed on them the psychiatric problems including, schizophrenia, bipolar affective dsorder, mania, depression, personality dsorders etc. Most of them belong to lower socio economic groups, illiterate or less educated, having famdy problems, mental illness in the f a d y etc. whlch d increase the chances of vulnerabhty for these substances. We have assessed patients on various parameters of socio demographic profiles, psychiatric diagnosis, substance taking behavior, crimes committed and found a lot of psychopathology in these cases. Analysis'and the results of the study d be discussed.

Kultúra és Közösség, 2023

The purpose of the study is to present the characteristics of drug use in Hungarian adult male convicted prisoner population, explaining the main differences between traditional and new psychoactive substance users. My goal is to uncover the potential differences between the two groups and to reveal their effects on the security of detention issues. The analyzed and presented data are based on the database of the Hungarian Risk Assessment system.

The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 1998

The aim of the present study was to examine, from an inmate perspective, their use of drugs and the perceived effect of the prison environment upon their drug using behaviour. Design of the study was an analytic survey, presented to the respondents as an anonymous, selfadministered questionnaire. The results suggest that the prison environment is not a supportive environment for those individuals that wish to abstain from drug use and indeed for most respondents, actually encouraged drug use.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2021

India's written constitution, which is the world's longest, demonstrates how a democratic society in the Republic of India takes every effort to preserve its citizens' rights. If not the greatest, the provisions have at least given strive to ensure that their nationals' rights are safeguarded and not infringed, so that all inhabitants of the country live with the dignity that they deserve. In this pursuit, a lot of wrongdoers have been incarcerated for the crimes they committed. Often, when the criminals get punished for their actions, the society at large, view these convicts as a negative element and this perception, in a lot of cases, stay forever; thus, affirming a mindset of being perceived as a criminal their entire life. This leaves a very narrow scope for small-time prisoners to get back to the real world and be able to function in a society as a normal citizens after serving their time. As a result, these ex-convicts turn back to crime to conduct their daily livelihood. It is just one of the reasons why recidivism takes place. Which brings us to the question-What is recidivism? A brief into the concept of recidivism: There are several definitions available for recidivism. Although, there isn't one single definition that is universally accepted. Merriam-Webster defines recidivism as-"a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior especially: relapse into criminal behavior". 1 Oxford Learner's Dictionaries has defined recidivism as-"The act or habit of continuing to commit crimes, and seeming unable to stop, even after being punished". 2 National Crime Record's Bureau (NCRB) defines this concept as-"The tendency of relapsing into crimes by the criminals is known as Recidivism. A recidivist is a person who relapses into crime again and again". 3

Numerous studies have shown that several characteristics of offenders are related to their likelihood of recidivism after release from prison. Nearly all of these studies, however, have focused on offenders from just one state. Few studies have examined recidivism rates controlling for the characteristics of offenders from multiple states, and virtually none have examined recidivism rates controlling for characteristics of offenders from multiple states during different periods of time. Additionally, few studies have explored different types of recidivism across multiple jurisdictions to determine whether the same individual level factors explain variations in rearrest, reconviction, reimprisonment, and parole violations.

2020

Assuming after Clemmer (1940) that prisonization is a process of adaptation to prison conditions, which (especially in the case of long-term prisoners) inevitably involves negative changes occurring in the functioning of the individual, the authors of the study set themselves the goal of checking whether those sentenced to 25 years in prison (N = 124) perceive prison isolation as a stressful situation (author’s questionnaire); what is their level of anxiety (STAI – questionnaire for studying anxiety-trait and anxiety-state); what level of mental resilience characterizes this group of prisoners (Mental Resilience Scale in Kaczmarek’s adaptation) and how they assess their mental health (GHQ-28 – Goldberg Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire). The research partly confirms Clemmer’s thesis – as the length of imprisonment increases, convicts perceive imprisonment more strongly as a stressful situation, and assess their mental health as worse. At the same time, studies have shown that t...

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 2014

Several studies report that incarcerated young offenders show a high rate of psychiatric disorders whereas associations between specifi c psychiatric disorders and recidivism remain unknown. The Brazilian legal system has created a unique opportunity for the study of this issue when consider young offenders not that guilty in spite of the severity of the crime, settling in three years the maximum period of incarceration. This study aims to determine the rate of psychiatric disorders in a cohort of incarcerated young offenders and evaluate the possible psychiatric connections of primary offenders and recidivism. A group of 898 incarcerated young offenders at Fundação Casa answered psychiatric interviews and was diagnosed according to the criteria of ICD-10. Statistic connections were analyzed using the tests of Pearson and Cramer. The cohort was comprised of 619 primaries and 267 recidivists. 'Psychoactive Substance Use' and 'Disorders of Adult Personality and Behavior' categories were related to recidivism, whereas 'Organic Mental Disorders', 'Mood Disorders', and 'Stress-related Disorders' were related to primary offenders. Discriminating disorders were the most likely to represent reactions to primary incarceration. In relation to associations that might represent predictors of crime, it became highly suggestive that substance abuse is the main cause of incarceration for the entire cohort.

2021

Criminal Justice as one can define is a system of organizations which helps in maintain law and order in the country by punishing offenders for their misconduct by imposing punishment. Rehabilitation approach aims at the betterment of the society and transforming the offender into a better version of himself by providing the adequate help and guidance needed. Rehabilitation is based on the theory that come external or internal factors drove the offender to commit an act which would not have been committed had it not been for these factors. At times, society also plays an important in the actions committed by the offenders. Rehabilitation process aims at understanding the reason of the actions and the root cause of committing a crime and provides adequate help for the offender which helps in improving the standard of the society. The purpose is to help the offender develop a conscious to not repeat his mistakes and stop himself from committing any other crime in the future. This mode...

International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research

This study examined the recidivism rate at the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology – National Capital Region (BJMP-NCR), Philippines, from 2020 to 2022 based on predictive variables and antecedents of recidivism. The results revealed that young individuals; males; married; Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) with drug cases, leading to death or intending to cause death, and acts involving fraud and deception; and those having shorter stays in prison tend to recidivate more. Likewise, the pattern of recidivism in the Metro Manila District Jail (MMDJ) from 2020 to 2022 was affected by the existence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, both predictive variables and antecedents of recidivism show no significant association with the pattern of recidivism.

The following is a proposal for a dissertation on Recidivism. The goal is to explore the impact of institutional factors on recidivism. Here 'institutional factors' is conceptualized as correctional facilities policies and procedures, correctional facilities professional and non-professional staff impacts, administrative staff impacts, and correctional programming. The literarture on recidivism clearling indicates that these institutional factors related to recidivism outcomes. However, this writer has not uncovered any research which examines the combined effect of these institutional factors on recidivism. This study proposes to utilize a mixed-methods approach to analyze the relationship of institutional factors on recidivism outcomes.

The Journal of Development Practice, 2017

Criminality as a form of human behaviour is a phenomenon deserving continued study and research to enhance common weal, or at least to ensure trouble free society. The question of "nature" and "nurture", or role of biological factors and environmental factors in influencing human behaviour is relevant in the discussion of criminality as well. The rising trend of "youth in crime" calls for proper diagnosis of this social illness and search for viable remedies. It is against this background that the tendency of "young offenders" in the process of correction or having completed correctional treatment to fall back into crime is being studied. Is this on account of biological factors or has it more to do with the environment? Or is the correctional procedure itself the unwitting culprit criminalizing a "First Time Young Offender"? What are the ways and means by which the correctional procedure can be made meaningful, reforming and re-integrative? Focusing on these research questions, primary data on "Criminality among Youth and Recidivism" was gathered from the Young Offenders residing in Ernakulam District (Kochi Corporation area) of Kerala state, who have served a term in the prison in the age group of 18 to 35 years, police officials and prison staff and secondary sources of data were books, journals, newspaper articles, records and websites. In an attempt to identify the factors that generate and perpetuate youth criminality, the study focused on four major areas-(a) Socioeconomic background in the criminal behaviour of youth (b) Nature and recurrence of crime among youth (c) The influence of Alcohol/ Drugs in inducing criminal behaviour (d) The response of the police personnel regarding the first time offenders and their correction. The study is descriptive in nature and the tools administered were Interview schedule for the youth and interview Guides for the correction staff. The study revealed the major factors that contributed to the criminality of individuals. Evidences of negligence in the protection of human rights and failure in giving psychological support services have detrimentally affected the reformative behaviour of the offenders. The findings highlight the need for discussing the How"s and Why"s of recidivism and is really an eye-opener on how our correctional institutions become a breeding ground for intense criminalities. Article attempts to point out the implications for professional social work practice in criminal justice and reformation.

Campbell Systematic Reviews, 2006

ABSTRACT The inmates that pass through adjustment programmes are expected to live in the society as law abiding citizens but reverse is the case. Against this backdrop, the study attempts to examine the reason for the inmates’ antisocial behavior that constantly brings the inmates back into prison through in-depth interview. Therefore; the objectives of this study are to; determine the effectiveness of adjustment programmes, determine the cause of mental health problems among prisoner and determine the level of acceptance of inmate back into the society. Durkeim system theories serve as foundation for this study. System theory states that societies are sustained through consensus and the willingness of individuals to comply with normative expectations and roles. Unlike Durkeim, Weber believed that governments and bureaucracies are essentially coercive in nature and are maintained through their “monopoly” in the legitimate use of violence or force. A total of 7 inmates who served as group representative are interviewed. The study is basically descriptive survey design. And the responses of the respondents are analysed through in-depth analysis. The study revealed that despite the fact that the inmates display they have the knowledge that there are numerous adjustment programmes put in place for their readjustment back to society. And despite their thorough engagement in the adjustment programmes a lot of them are still not willing to shun commission of crimes. The study therefore concluded that it is not the adjustment programmes that are faulty but the inmates’ unwillingness to shun their way of lives is the reason for their poor adjustment. Key words: mental health, adjustment and post release life expectation. Word count: 265

Criminology, 1971

others, have shown that persons charged with the responsibility of servicing or supervising clients carry a stock of knowledge about these clients that influences the kind of decisions they make. The orientations these personnel hold toward clients are reflected in job activities and decisions and produce actions that tend to reinforce and support the original orientations.