A New Subspecies of Saguinus fuscicollis (Primates, Callitrichidae)

Primates, 2015

PeerJ

Although the Amazon has the greatest diversity of primates, there are still taxonomic uncertainties for many taxa, such as the species of the Saguinus mystax group. The most geographically broadly distributed and phenotypically diverse species in this group is S. mystax, and its phenotypic diversity has been recognized as three subspecies—S. mystax mystax, S. mystax pileatus and S. mystax pluto—with non-overlapping geographic distributions. In this sense, we carried out an extensive field survey in their distribution areas and used a framework of taxonomic hypothesis testing of genomic data combined with an integrative taxonomic decision-making framework to carry out a taxonomic revision of S. mystax. Our tests supported the existence of three lineages/species. The first species corresponds to Saguinus mystax mystax from the left bank of the Juruá River, which was raised to the species level, and we also discovered and described animals from the Juruá–Tefé interfluve previously attr...

The western black tamarin, Saguinus niger, is an endemic Brazilian primate currently classified as Vulnerable by the Brazilian environmental authorities. In this paper, we report two new records from an Amazonia-Cerrado ecotone that extend the range of the species further south to the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. Additionally, we obtained an ecological niche model (ENM) for S. niger using eight climatic variables. The results of the ENM analysis suggest that the species is strongly associated with lowland areas where the temperature does not vary significantly among seasons. We also point out that the Araguaia, Tapirapé, and Comandante Fontoura rivers may act, along with open Cerrado formations and more seasonal climate, as southern barriers. The absence of protected areas in the southern part of its range, in combination with the intense deforestation that southeastern Amazonia faces, casts doubts on the continued presence of this and other forest-dependent species in the region. RESUMO. Notas sobre o sauim-preto, Saguinus niger (É. Geoffroy, 1803) (Primates), em uma área de ecótono Amazônia-Cerrado no centro-oeste do Brasil: novos dados sobre seus limites austrais. O sauim amazônico Saguinus niger é um primata endêmico do Brasil, atualmente classificado como vulnerável na lista brasileira de espécies ameaçadas. Neste estudo, reportamos dois novos registros para uma área ecotonal entre Amazônia e Cerrado estendendo a distribuição da espécie ao sul para o estado de Mato Grosso. Adicionalmente, utilizamos modelagem de nicho ecológico (MNE) utilizando oito variáveis climáticas. O resultado da MNE sugere que a espécie está fortemente associada às áreas baixas onde temperaturas não variam significantemente ao longo das estações do ano. Sugerimos que os rios Araguaia, Tapirapé e Comandante Fontoura juntamente com a formação aberta do Cerrado e um clima mais sazonal podem ser barreiras de dispersão ao sul para espécie. Além disso, a inexistência de áreas protegidas ao sul da distribuição em combinação com intenso desflorestamento põe em dúvida a presença da espécie nesta região no longo prazo.

Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2010

Saguinus inustus (Schwarz, 1951) is one of the neotropical primates least studied. The distribution of the species ranges from the north of the Solimões River, between the Negro and Japurá Rivers in Brazil, and Guayabero-Guaviare Rivers in Colombia. Nevertheless, due to the low number of specimens collected from the lower Japurá and lower Negro Rivers areas, the geographic distribution is so far poorly delineated. In this study, field data was composed of sightings and the collection of specimens during a survey of mammal diversity in the Amana Sustainable Development Reserve (ASDR). For this survey, two 40-day expeditions were carried out in 2004. The first one occurred during the flooded season in June and July, and the second was during the peak of the dry season in October. Direct sightings were made through hiking along transects, navigation along water channels with a 30-hp speedboat, and gliding along flooded trails in the forest. New records of S. inustus were made in 11 different localities in ASDR. The study has confirmed the presence of the species in the Amanã area, carrying out the first records of the species in flooded forest habitats.

Primates, 2000

Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2009

Brazil is the richest country in the world in terms of primate species and the Amazonian rain forest is one of the richest biomes containing 15 (ca. 90%) of the Neotropical primate genera. Although considered key elements in conservation strategies, there is only anecdotal information on primates for several protected areas within the region. Here we present new data on the community composition of the primates in the Saracá-Taqüera National Forest (429,600 ha), an actively mined, bauxite rich area, in Pará, Brazil. We used information from the literature, technical reports, museum data, and interviews conducted with agents from the Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Natural Renewable Resources (Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis - IBAMA) and members of the local "Quilombo" community. In addition, from July 2003 to June 2007, we carried out 19 field trips ranging from 10 to15 days each, amounting to a total effort of 1,230 hours and 1,420 km of censuses, resulting in 1,034 records of eight primate species (Saguinus martinsi, Saguinus midas, Saimiri sciureus, Cebus apella, Pithecia pithecia, Chiropotes sagulatus, Ateles paniscus, and Alouatta macconelli). Two other species (Cebus olivaceus and Aotus trivirgatus) were recorded only indirectly, through interviews and literature data. In all, Alouatta macconelli was the most frequently recorded species (43% of all records); while Saguinus midas and P. pithecia were the least (ca. 0.4 and 0.6% of all records). Based on our results, we discuss group sizes as well as taxonomic problems concerning the genera Pithecia and Chiropotes, for which we registered individuals displaying phenotypic geographical variation and two different forms, respectively. Despite the deforestation inherent in bauxite mining, the Saracá-Taqüera National Forest still has a remarkable richness of primate species. Our study results place this National Forest amongst the richest reserves, in terms of primate species, in the Amazon region.

Primates, 2000

Mammalia, 2000

Abstrat. -Three species of Callitrichidae occur in Rio de Janeiro State, south-eastern Brazil. Leontopithecus rosalia and Callithrix aurita are natural inhabitants of this State. Callithrix jacchus has been introduced by man. The distribution of each species was analysed in relation to thirteen climatic averages, altitude and vegetation for each locality recorded. A hypothesis of potential distribution is presented for C. aurita and L. rosalia. L. rosalia has a distribution related to mosaics of rainforest and hygrophilous vegetation, to high temperatures and rainfall in Rio de Janeiro lowlands and to a maximum known altitude record of 150 m. This distribution pattern in hygrophilous forests and low altitudes for lion-tamarins disagrees with the current idea that these endangered primates are inhabitants of Atlantic forest (sensu lato). C. aurita lives in rainforests on the mountain ranges of the State under a climate of high humidity and rainfall but with lower temperatures, and also in deciduous and semideciduous mountain forests. Although C. jacchus has being continuously introduced, its range still remains reduced and it inhabits mainly disturbed habitats in tropical climates. C. aurita and L. rosalia do not have overlapping distributions. The latter species occurred, in the past, in some areas that are presently altered and where C. jacchus now occurs. Resume. -Trois especes de Callitrichidae vivent dans l'etat de Rio de Janeiro, sud-est du Bresil : Leontopithecus rosalia dont habitat est limite ä cet etat; Callithrix aurita qui y vit; Callithrix jacchus qui y a ete introduit. La repartition de chaque espece a ete analysee en relation avec treize moyennes climatiques, d'altitude et de vegetation pour chaque localite enregistree. Nous presentons une hypothese de distribution potentielle pour C. aurita et L. rosalia. L. rosalia a une distribution liee ä des mosa'iques de foret humide et de vegetation hygrophile, ä des temperatures et precipitations elevees, dans les terres basses de l'etat de Rio de Janeiro et a une altitude maximale de 150 m. Ce type de distribution en forets hygrophiles et ä basses altitudes pour L. rosalia est en desaccord avec ä Tidee courante que ces primates menaces sont des habitants de la foret Atiantique (sensu lato).

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 1999

A new species of titi monkey, Calliceblls, is described based on five specimens obtained from the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. II is a member of the Personalus group, but is easily distinguished frol11 the other forl11s. The 1110st noticeable differences are in the pelage coloration, the forehead, crown, and ear being black, and having a zebra-like, striped pattem on the anterior half ofthe back. Distinct features of its dental morphology and craniometry are also described. KEY WORDS. Ca/licebus, Cebidae, new species, Personallls group, northeastern Brazil The genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903 (Cebidae) occurs in forested are as of tropical South America, in the Amazon and the Atlantic forest ofBrazil. The most recent taxonomic revision of the titi monkeys was carried out by HERSHKOVITZ (1990) who recognised 13 species and 17 species and subspecies, although his arrangement, has not received widespread acceptance by other researchers (e.g. REDFORD & EIsENBERG 1992). KOBA Y ASHI (1995) c1assified the forms of Ca/licebus into tive phyletic species groups: Donacophilus, Cupreus, Moloch, Torquatus and Personatus. ln this paper the group names are in the sense of this author. The Personatus group includes four different forms (personatus E. Geoffroy, 1812, nigrifrons Spix, 1823, barbarabrownae Hershkovitz 1990, and melanochir Wied-Neuwied, 1820) which occur in the Atlantic forest in eastern and southeastern Brazil (Fig. 3). The titi monkeys comprising the Personatus group are c1assified as subspecies by HERSHKOVITZ (1988, (990) but here it is argued that they should be considered distinct species (see Discussion), and refer to them as such in this article. During an expedition in 1994 in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil , two dead titi-monkeys were obtained from a native hunter in the Fazenda Santana. These showed a pelage coloration quite different from that of the four forms of personatus recognised at the time, and, on further examination, some distinct features of their dental morphology were also found. Two more spec imens were obtained in 1995, in the hands of another native hunter at the Fazenda Arauari, Sergipe, and later a tifth specimen was studied in the collection of the Museu

Neotropical Primates, 2002

This paper provides a taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus, and describes two new species from central