On the Structure of Space, Time and Field

In this note, we discuss the significance of the general principle of relativity for a physical theory that abandons the newtonian concept of force and, hence, uses an entirely different conception for the "cause" behind motions of material bodies.

2012

Through a link with the speed of light, explained is the nature of ubiquitous but one of the most secretive and controversial phenomenon in nature, gravity. Implicitly, explained is the nature of constantly measured speed of light and the vector of time. From this simple, rigid and tautological relation, without the use of physical constants, derived are universal formulas for motion. Basic concept of concisely presented Universal Principle is compared with conventional, far more complex model, indicating the crucial Relativistic problem of understanding the indivisible scalar nature of space-time entity.

The concept of quantum spacetime (ST) field is already there in quantum field theory 1,2. Through this paper the existence of property of inertia is proposed to be caused by the interaction of matter with the " spacetime (ST) " field itself. Spacetime or " Minkowski space " has three real dimensions (x, y and z) and one imaginary dimension (ict) 3. Like other quantum field its intensity (or field quanta density) can varies from point to point. It remains a scalar field but gets vectored (temporal or permanent) when influenced by mass, which destroy the uniform (fixed) nature of ST field. The acceleration of any mass can disturb the intensity of ST field but nobody (from their rest frame of reference) can distinguish the difference occurs in the field because everything and every measurable quantity change with ST field. Mass is only quantity which can make changes/disturbs the intensity of the ST field. Just like the " charge " in electromagnetic (EM) theory can affects the electromagnetic field same way " Mass " can affect ST field. In case of EM theory, field is generated by " charge " and it is vector in nature whereas in the GI theory " mass " is generated by ST field and it is scalar in nature. But in both cases, fields are influenced by their mass/charge. Later the paper will disclose from first and third laws of inertia how Inertia and Gravity (both) are unified and explained by the same ST field. That is why the proposed theory is called " Gravitoinertia (Gravity + Inertia) or GI theory " as similar to electromagnetic (electrostatic +magnetic) or EM theory. In general the theory may be called as Variable Spacetime Field Theory. In the Higgs mechanism, a scalar field called " higgs-field " was hypnotized and its boson was finally confirmed experimentally 4. Higgs theory gives mass to the fermions in standard model and proposed theory explains the generation of inertia for mass due to ST field. Owning property of inertia of a body indicate that the ABSTRACT: All science theories and physics laws are derived and described in the 'fixed or straight' space-time. Nobody thinks what will happen to these laws and theories if the space-time itself gets varied (curved). The fundamental laws of physics certainly not going to hold in the varied field of spacetime and will get modified. There are mysteries of physics such as inertia and gravity which cannot be explained in fixed spacetime. Many people believed that asking 'what cause inertia' is as unanswerable as asking 'what cause gravity' or asking 'why does matter exist?' They argued that these things are so fundamental that there is no explanation (or atleast no satisfactory explanation from modern science). This paper tries to reveal the origin mysteries of inertia and gravity (two greatest mysteries of science) through the concept of 'variable' spacetime (ST) field. The law of relativity and its cause can also be understood as intrinsic property of ST field. The concept of 'spacetime' as quantum field is introduced and a vital modification been proposed to the fundamental forces of the Nature. Three new types of Energy based on relativity are proposed and explained. Finally four laws of 'inertia' are proposed in which first and third law of inertia explains the 'origin of inertia and gravity'. The second law of inertia explains the relation of energy with spacetime field. At the end, a thought experiment of 'two parallel trains' discussed and shown the violation of energy conservation law analytically in isolated system. In short, the theory discover that the things are living in the quantum field of spacetime and 'Mass' can cause 'variation' to the spacetime field and the variation of spacetime field leads to the generation or destruction of Energy.

The invariance of the speed of light is taken as the fundamental of modern physics. But, in recent, the faster-than-light was observed. It requires that the fundamental of the whole physics be reassessed. In this paper, in the mathematics, the definitions in Euclidean Elements are stressed. It is pointed out that these definitions are only the concepts. They are not related to a certain real object or body. In physics, the Newtonian framework is stressed. It is pointed out that, in Newtonian theory, the abstract concepts are used as the definitions in Euclidean Elements. For example, the Sun is treated just as a point particle. And the initial law only is an abstracted concept which cannot be checked with experiment while it can be understood by our brain. According to the Euclidean Elements and Newtonian theory, some of the mathematical and physical concepts in modern physics are discussed. For example, it is pointed out that the extra dimension in modern physics is not a mathematical concept of Euclidean geometry as it is related to a real pillar. It is stressed that high and fractional coordinate systems are used to describe the object that can be described with the Cartesian one. And, the equations of physics in different coordinate systems and the transformation of the equations among different coordinate systems are discussed.

2012

The exact mechanism of the Unity principle and the basic constituent of the physical Universe are disclosed with their consequences for theoretical physics. It is shown briefly how the Universe works at its micro and macro levels.

Special Relativity theory postulates that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference (the relativity postulate), and that the velocity of light in vacuum has the same value c in all inertial frames of reference (constancy of c postulate). We hereby show that relativity principle need not be postulated, since it follows from basic principles, without reliance on Lorentz transformations, or equivalently, reliance on the constancy of light postulate. The independency of the principle of relativity on the constancy of light postulate is featured by a different symmetry of Nature from the one constrained by the Lorentz transformations. We also show that that the same deductions apply to the relativity of simultaneity principle. Furthermore, we show that the symmetry of the laws of Nature, as being embedded in Nature itself, is a general law, which holds true for ALL systems of moving bodies, regardless of the velocity of the signal which carries information between one frame of reference to another, provided that the velocity of the information carrier is constant with respect to its source, and exceeds the relative velocities between the system's reference frames.

2017

Special relativity theory postulates that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference (the relativity postulate), and that the velocity of light in vacuum has the same value c in all inertial frames of reference (constancy of c postulate). We show, based on basic principles, that nature is endowed with symmetry with respect to its laws, such that the principle of relativity is a genuine property of nature, which is independent on the constant velocity of light, or on any other constant. We also show that the principle of relativity is associated with spatial asymmetry, such that the direction of relative motion matters. For frames of reference departing from each other, an observer in one frame will measure time and distance extension, with respect to the time and distance measured in the other frame, while for reference frames approaching each other, the same observer will measure time and distance contraction with respect to the same occurrence. No less im...

In this paper, we show how the phenomenon of inertia can be explained in non-relativistic classical mechanics using a unified theory of gravity and inertia. As a basis, we used the inertia-free mechanics of H.J. Treder. It can implement both Mach's principle and the idea of inertia having a gravitational origin without the shortcomings of an anisotropic inertial mass. Inertia arises from a velocity-dependent part of the gravitational potential. Thus, it will be possible to formulate classical mechanics with postulating neither the weak equivalence principle, nor a gravitational constant, nor any concept of inertial mass or inertial forces a priori. We will show that all four can be derived from the theory. The theory is valid in arbitrary accelerated frames of reference and the inertial frames are determined by all other particles in the universe, as demanded by Mach's principle. The exact Newtonian inertial forces will appear in any non-inertial frame, for translational and rotational acceleration, showing that they are not fictitious, but real parts of the gravitational force. In the lowest order v/c of the theory, Newtonian mechanics is obtained. The corrections that appear are shown to be just the terms present in Gravitoelectromagnetism. Ultimately, explaining inertia as a gravitational effect will allow us to derive an expression for the gravitational constant, enabling us to explain the apparent weakness of gravity. Such a unified theory of gravity and inertia has profound implications for the nature of mass and structure of elementary particles, as well as the origin of relativistic and quantum effects. This suggests a very different path towards a combined theory of relativity, gravity, and quantum mechanics, as well as elementary particles. This will be discussed in a subsequent paper.

2013

In this article, by using fundamental concepts in classical mechanics, we derive equations describing gravitational red shift and Doppler effect for light as well as equations describing the relations among mass, momentum, and energy including mass-energy equivalence. Although our equations are different than those in Newtonian mechanics or special relativity, they yield results that are approximate results calculated with Newton mechanics or special relativity for values of velocity, which are much less than speed of light. Since the concepts in classical mechanics are not separated from the perspective of absolute space and time, this theory is named the theory of invariance.

Arxiv preprint gr-qc/9412012, 1994