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1995, Contemporary Literature
AI
The paper critically examines various texts related to postmodernity, focusing on Barry Smart's work as well as others like Brian McHale and Nicholas Zurbrugg. It explores the challenges and tensions in defining postmodernity within the sociological and literary fields, emphasizing the importance of historical context, the reflexivity of postmodern thought, and the differing reactions of European and American critics to the postmodern condition. The analysis highlights the need for a balanced consideration of both positive and negative interpretations of postmodernity.
Postmodernism and Society, 1990
Many sociologists, cultural commentators, literary theorists and philosophers have been intrigued by the idea of postmodernity for some time now, and this interest is reflected in the considerable outpouring of writing on the topic which has appeared over the last year or two. There seems, however, to be scant agreement on how the crucial terms in these discussions are to be understood. 'Modernity' and 'postmodernity', 'modernism' and 'postmodernism' appear and reappear in philosophical, literary and other texts in what is at first sight a bewildering array of guises. Combined, especially in Britain, with a scepticism towards fashionableespecially French-debates as well as resistance to what are seen as trendy neologisms, particularly in the realm of culture and aesthetics, there is a danger that much of the debate about postmodernism will remain on the academic and cultural margins, the property of an avant-garde but held generally in deep suspicion and even derision by the rest. This collection is offered in the belief that the debate about postmodernism addresses issues that are actually of crucial significance to the humanities and the social sciences and, more
Insofar as sociology is the discipline associated with inquiry into social relations and conditions -seeking to understand the 'logic' of society based on interpretive generalisations drawn from empirical observations -it is explicitly a product and, therefore, a project of 'modernisation'. That is, sociology arose as a way to understand society in tandem with the historical processes that arose in Western Europe and spread east and south into Asia and Africa and on to the Americas and Oceania from around the seventeenth century onwards . Modernisation as such implies a transformation of social conditions, away from the primacy of agricultural production located in the countryside and villages, often centred on a large place of worship such as a cathedral or temple or centre of power such as a castle or fort, and towards the primacy of non-agricultural production concentrated in relatively large towns and cities, often centred on markets for goods and services or sites for distributing these, such as a factory or stock exchange. Modernisation also implies a transformation of social relations, away from the primacy of inter-personal bonds of kinship or fealty and linked to historical interdependencies that draw upon a cosmological, that is, more or less religious, order that stretches back over time and establishes hierarchical relations between humans and between humans and the natural environment ). Modernisation ushers in a shift towards the prevalence of relatively abstract social relations based around mediating 'tokens' such as paper money or legal rules .
Cultural Intertexts, 2018
Volume 8 of Cultural Intertexts-a Journal of Literature, Cultural Studies and Linguistics-brings together articles which result from research carried out by specialists at home and abroad. The common points of interest emerging from the authors' contributions are the representation of private and public selves, the politics behind the constructions of national, cultural and gender identity, as well as the more technical aspects of literary and filmic architectural design-with emphasis on experimentation, historiographic rewriting, intertextuality and the metadimension. The corpus under the lens includes a series of novels (What Maisie Knew, Rue with a Difference, American Psycho, One Flew over the Cuckoo"s Nest, Naked Lunch, The Reluctant Fundamentalist, The Hours, The Unbearable Lightness of Being), two plays (Cathleen Ni Houlihan, Noise) and two films (The Last Peasants. Journeys, Adaptation)-proposing incursions into older and newer, American and European writing which processes intriguing contexts, bears traces of earlier texts, and addresses a contemporary readership. A cultural anthropological study on the metamorphoses of Romanian identity inside the frontiers of Europe and/or within the European Union, as well as an analysis of the paradoxical fracture and merger identifiable with modernity and postmodernity, are also part of the collection. The editors would like to thank, once more, the members of the scientific committee, for the time and effort that went into reviewing the articles submitted, and for facilitating the publication of this volume.
Sociological Inquiry, 1993
A selective appropriation of postmodernist theories is undertaken with special reference to their applicability to macrosociology and to other branches of sociological inquiry that employ conceptions of social and cultural totality. The appropriation is premised on the thesis that theories of culture, such as postmodernism, can contribute to sociology by their analyses of cultural form, providing sociology with general descriptions of what social processes must mediate and with guidance on how to grasp its own cultural form(s). Three notions of cultural totality, “bricolage” (Claude Lévi-Strauss), “discursive formation” (Michel Foucault), and “deconstruction” (Jacques Derrida), are considered. All have in common a description of cultural form that stresses nonsystematic order. They are contrasted to Talcott Parsons’modernist and systematizing macrotheoretic reflection on culture and society. A deconstruction of Parsons yields the alternative of a less-than-systematic, postmodernized (macro)- sociology.
Encyclopedia of Postmodernism, 2001
The Sociological Review, 2008
As its title suggests, this paper explores certain directions a specifically postmodern sociology (rather than say a sociology of postmodernism) might take. It reinterprets Gouldner's prescient warnings of a crisis in 'academic' sociology as an expression of despair within modem sociology. In particular, three important 'contradictions' are examined as possible points of departure for a postmodern sociological discourse. Foucault's genealogical approach, it is argued, is useful in helping to orientate any attempts to develop a sociology of this kind. The analysis concludes by anticipating possible objections, showing how these might profitably be incorporated into future enquiries. The aim of the paper is not to offer concrete enunciations for a postmodern sociology, but to develop more modest rules of thumb through which such a discourse might be erected.
Postmodernism and the Contemporary Novel: A …
Studies in Political Economy, 1992
The present study probes into the controversial issue of postmodernism. More specifically, it is an attempt to answer the question of whether our era has enough distinctive features to be described as ‘postmodern’. According to some commentators, the postmodern era is characterized by three features that distinguish it from the modern era: the failure of the Enlightenment project, the growth of intracommunal ethnic diversity and the ever-growing pace of social, economic and technological change. By a closer inspection of the contemporary state of affairs, especially from an educational point of view, the researchers tried to answer the above-mentioned question. At the end of the study, some educational implications and criticisms of postmodernism have been provided.
Comunicação e Sociedade, Modernidade e Pós-Modernidade, Coordenação do volume : Albertino Gonçalves e Jean-Martin Rabot, Vol. 18, 2010, pp. 41-51., 2010
Is there such thing as a postmodern gesture ? We propose to reflect on the cultural stance that lies behind postmodern theory. If we focus on the founders of the movement, we realize how the modern/postmodern divide constitutes, in some way, an artificial dichotomy. Beyond the descriptive aspects of the social changes involved in postmodernism, we envisage the native intent that drives postmodern authors. The analysis of these roots gives us a relevant insight into the postmodern idea itself. The novelty can indeed be found in a reflexive posture which characterizes postmodernism in its inner connection with modernity. We therefore develop the hermeneutics of change that postmodern thinkers put in practice when it concerns the re-reading and re-writing of some modern claims. Postmodern thinkers open interstices within modernity, creating a fundamental space wherein to revitalize modernity and foster imagination toward new socio-historical configurations.
Capital & Class, 1991
The claims currently being made on behalf of post modernism are nothing if not diverse-everything from architecture through formal theoretical developments to the organisation of the economy is now said to be post-modernist. Strange perhaps, then, that outside of the aesthetic sphere we heard so little, relatively speaking, about modernism. Still the very diversity of the arguments in its favour suggest that 'postmodernism' denotes something more than a passing fancy. Reactions on the Left to the phenomenon have varied from the openly hostile, dismissing the case as no more consequential than the cultural coke of metropolitan intellectuals, to the enthusiastic embrace, identifying postmodern identities as the bearers of a new decentralised and potentially democratic 'New Times'. What is involved in these contrary assessments and what, precisely, is the condition of postmodernity or the postmodern condition? At one level, 'postmodernism' is a term of cultural analysis, referring to changes in the forms of production, media of distribution and modes of consumption of artistic creation.
Cambridge University Press eBooks, 2009
There is an episode of The Simpsons in which the barman, Moe Szyslak, tries to transform his dingy bar into somewhere 'cool' and futuristic, decorating it with randomly chosen objects such as suspended rabbits and eyeballs. His regulars don't get it. Faced with their non-comprehending stares, Moe explains: 'It's po-mo!. .. Post-modern!. .. Yeah, all right-weird for the sake of weird' ('Homer the Moe' , Simpsons Archive). The Simpsons is widely considered one of the most exemplary postmodern texts because of its self-reflexive irony and intertextuality. But postmodernism is not weird for the sake of being weird. Nor is it simply 'the contemporary' or 'the experimental'. It may be 'avant-garde' (though many critics, myself included, think it isn't), or it may be a continuation of the values and techniques of modernism (but then again it may just as plausibly be a break with modernism). It may be an empty practice of recycling previous artistic styles. .. or a valid form of political critique. Postmodernism is a notoriously slippery and indefinable term. It was originally coined in the 1940s to identify a reaction against the Modern movement in architecture. However, it first began to be widely used in the 1960s by American cultural critics and commentators such as Susan Sontag and Leslie Fiedler who sought to describe a 'new sensibility' in literature which either rejected modernist attitudes and techniques or adapted or extended them. In the following decades the term began to figure in academic disciplines besides literary criticism and architecture-such as social theory, cultural and media studies, visual arts, philosophy, and history. Such wide-ranging usage meant that the term became overloaded with meaning, chiefly because it was being used to describe characteristics of the social and political landscape as well as a whole range of different examples of cultural production. This begs the question: why has an obviously problematic term continued to be used? I think the reason is that there has been a genuine feeling amongst theorists, cultural commentators, artists and writers that our age, has, since the 1950s and 1960s onward (opinions vary as to when exactly), been shaped by significant alterations in society as a result of technology, economics and the 1
Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 2006
International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, 1998
[PDF available upon request.] This article comments on Stanford Lyman's book "Postmodernism and a Sociology of the Absurd," with reference to two anecdotal situations which will place the contrasts between absurdist sociology and a postmodernist sociology in perspective. These anecdotes are concerned chiefly with the ways and means by which individuals in contemporary society attempt to splice together a perceived reality of personal and collective "accounts," to borrow Lyman's term, of identity through a process of uniting variously skewed or marginalized social, spiritual, and intellectual orientations. For it is the very attempt to locate some meaningful identity, solid or fluid, which seems to sit at the heart of the distinction which Lyman is making between an absurdist and a postmodernist sociology. The first anecdote pertains to the recent murder of a middle-aged man, allegedly, by two adolescents in Central Park, New York. The part of the story relevant to the discussion of absurdist versus postmodernist sociology is not the grisly murder itself, but rather the millieux of constructed role-identifications taken up by relatively wealthy teens in private school of Manhattan, New York which apparently created the social psychological space within which this murder could take place.
Revue Française de Sociologie, 1996
Educational Philosophy and Theory, 2019
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