Tissue engineering in endodontics

ABSTRACT Tisue enginering is mainly used to replace the impaired or damaged tisues with new tisues. The key cels involved for tisue enginering are stem cels, the morphogens or growth factors. They wil rapidly multiply and diferentiates and forms tisues. This new technique is now most commonly used in endodontics. The aim of this study was to review about he dental pulp stem cels, which are most common growth factors, and the scafolds used to control their diferentiation. To study the clinical technique for the management of immature non-vital teth based on this novel concept. KEYWORDS: Dental pulp stem cels, morphogens, scafolds, regenerative endodontics, pulp revascularization.

Stem Cells International, 2022

Endodontics has made significant progress in regenerative approaches in recent years, thanks to advances in biologically based procedures or regenerative endodontic therapy (RET). In recent years, our profession has witnessed a clear conceptual shift in this therapy. RET was initially based on a blood clot induced by apical bleeding without harvesting the patient's cells or cellfree RET. Later, the RET encompassed the three principles of tissue engineering, stromal/stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors, aiming for the regeneration of a functional dentin pulp complex. The regenerated dental pulp will recover the protective mechanisms including innate immunity, tertiary dentin formation, and pain sensitivity. This comprehensive review covers the basic knowledge and practical information for translational applications of stem cell-based RET and tissue engineering procedures for the regeneration of dental pulp. It will also provide overall information on the emerging technologies in biological and synthetic matrices, biomaterials, and signaling molecules, recent advances in stem cell therapy, and updated experimental results. This review brings useful and timely clinical evidence for practitioners to understand the challenges faced for a successful cell-based RET and the importance of preserving or reestablishing tooth vitality. The clinical translation of these current bioengineering approaches will undoubtedly be beneficial to the future practice of endodontics.

South Asian Research Journal of Oral and Dental Sciences, 2020

The pulp-dentin complex regenerates the damaged coronal dentin, resorbed root, cervical or apical dentin. Regenerative procedures are to be done with the use of tissue engineering materials, stem cells and suitable biochemical factors that will enhance or replace biological functions. Largely the objective of tissue engineering is the functional restoration of tissue structures. Clinical applications depends on the use of a potential material which would be antiinflammatory, antibacterial and can simultaneously enhance the proliferation and induce the differentiation of the present Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) into odontoblast-like cells leading to dentin formation. Formation of a reparative dentin layer would provide an optimal barrier to avoid any bacteria infiltration to the pulp tissue, which is not provided by any artificial restorative materials. So application of a scaffold on an open pulp enabling odontoblast-like cells to grow into the scaffold and to convert it into dentin would be an ideal goal. Regenerative endodontics comprises research in adult stem cells, growth factors, organ-tissue culture, and tissue engineering materials.

Iranian Endodontic Journal, 2014

Regenerative endodontic procedure is introduced as a biologically based treatment for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. Successful clinical and radiographic outcomes following regenerative procedures have been reported in landmark case reports. Retrospective studies have shown that this conservative treatment allows for continued root development and increases success and survival rate of the treated teeth compared to other treatment options. Although the goal of treatment is regeneration of a functional pulp tissue, histological analyses show a different outcome. Developing predictable protocols would require the use of key elements for tissue engineering: stem cells, bioactive scaffolds, and growth factors. In this study we will review the evidence based steps and outcomes of regenerative endodontics.

2016

The ultimate aim of endodontic treatment focuses towards the complete preservation of physiologic, structural & mechanical integrity of native pulp – dentin complex. Regenerative endodontic procedure along with tissue engineering can be one of the novel approach to restore tooth structure. Over the last two decades, tissue engineering has promoted from science fiction to science. Tissue engineering & regeneration needs three basics ingredients i.e. morphogenetic signals including growth & differentiation factors, stem cells & a scaffold of extracellular matrix. As all tissues originate from stem cells, these stem cells are the first and utmost important key factor for endodontic regeneration. The present scientific review article is about discussing the basics of stem cells along with their current scenario and future perspectives in endodontic regeneration. Key Words: Dental pulp, Stem cells, Regenerative endodontic, Tissue engineering, Revascularization

Pulpal regeneration after tooth injury is not easy to accomplish, because of the infected pulp requires tooth extraction or root canal therapy. Current treatment modalities offer high levels of success for many conditions; an ideal form of therapy might consist of regenerative approaches in which diseased or necrotic pulp tissues are removed and replaced with healthy pulp tissue to revitalize teeth. This review describes the possible techniques that will allow regenerative endodontics to become a reality. These potential approaches include root canal revascularization, postnatal stem cell therapy, pulp implant, scaffolding implant, three dimensional cell printing, injectable scaffolds and gene therapy.

Tissue engineering is the science of design and manufacture of new tissues to replace impaired or damaged ones. The key ingredients for tissue engineering are stem cells, growth factors that regulate their differentiation, and a scaffold of extracellular matrix that constitutes the microenvironment for their growth. This article provides an extensive review of literature on the concept of tissue engineering and its application in endodontics.

Texila International Journal of Public Health, 2023

The discovery of stem cells in dental pulp has expanded our understanding concerning the various mechanisms that play a substantial role in the maintenance of dental pulp homeostasis to improve health and also regarding the pulp response to injury. Stems cells play a pivotal role in the physiology of the dental pulp tissue throughout the entire lifespan of the tooth. The ideology that these cells are intimately associated with regulating pulp angiogenesis as a response to cariogenic challenges is also inferred. In recent times, we are witnessing an increasing number of passionate individuals showing enthusiasm in the field of regenerative endodontics as stem cells exhibit potential benefits in dental pulp tissue engineering. The article here focuses predominantly on stem cells—the dental stem cells and non-dental stem cells which play an active part in benefitting pulpal necrosis tooth, the cardinal objective of these cells in the field of endodontic therapy, and the current, as well as the future role, stem cells could play in the clinical practice of endodontics eventually. Keywords: Dental stem cells, Pulpal necrosis, Stem cells, Regenerative.

Mansoura Journal of Dentistry, 2021

The Open Dentistry Journal, 2013

Tooth loss or absence is a common condition that can be caused by various pathological circumstances. The replacement of the missing tooth is important for medical and aesthetic reasons. Recently, scientists focus on tooth tissue engineering, as a potential treatment, beyond the existing prosthetic methods. Tooth engineering is a promising new therapeutic approach that seeks to replace the missing tooth with a bioengineered one or to restore the damaged dental tissue. Its main tool is the stem cells that are seeded on the surface of biomaterials (scaffolds), in order to create a biocomplex. Several populations of mesenchymal stem cells are found in the tooth. These different cell types are categorized according to their location in the tooth and they demonstrate slightly different features. It appears that the dental stem cells isolated from the dental pulp and the periodontal ligament are the most powerful cells for tooth engineering. Additional research needs to be performed in or...