Design of an Efficient Microgrid System for a Local Area

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 2016

Background/Objectives: Green energy based microgrid system is the development of eco-friendly and cost effective system for electrical supply in the area where grid is not feasible. In this paper, the study and modelling of green energy based micro grid for rural area of Tantivela, Gujarat has been done. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper, the analysis has been done on Hybrid Optimisation for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software. Firstly, the geographical data of the area has been collected including the village data and climatic data. By calculating the load demand of the household accordingly the village population and occupation has been estimated. Based on availability of the renewable resources combination of the energy has been modelled. Using the software HOMER software the optimum and cost effective model of standalone micro grid system for rural area. Findings: A standalone type microgrid has been simulated which can handle both AC and DC load. For the Maximum Power Point Tracking system perturb and observe method has been adopted. The standalone system different combination of PV array, charge controller, load controller, inverter, and battery need to be decided based on the load demands and parameters. The biomass, wind and solar are taken to be the main renewable energy resources as for generation. The testing and cost analysis has been done in Hybrid Optimisation for Electric Renewable (HOMER) to find optimum combination of energy which will be cost effective, eco-friendly and have viable architecture. After selecting the resources and decide the equipment's the final simulation is done. In HOMER we analysed cost summary including total net production cost, operational cost and levelized cost and decide on best possible architecture of PV array, biomass, wind, converter, inverter and rectifier. Applications/Improvements: By simulating green energy microgrid it makes an optimum use of resources that are locally abundant resources with economic viable, affordable and sustainable. It could be improved by proper transmission network and improve surge power capacity to enhance cost-effectiveness.

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 2021

The electric power systems around the globe are gradually shifting from conventional fossil fuel-based generating units to green renewable energy sources. The motivation behind this change is the environmental and economic concerns. Furthermore, the existing power systems are being overloaded day by day due to the continuously increasing population, which consequently led to the overloading of transformers, transmission, and distribution lines. Despite the overwhelming advantages of renewable energy sources, there are few major issues associated with them. For example, the injection and detachment of DGs into the current power system causes disparity among produced power along with connected load, thus distracting system's equilibrium and causes unwanted voltage and frequency oscillations and overshoots. These oscillations and overshoots may cause the failure of connected equipment or power system if not properly controlled. The investigation as such challenges to improve the frequency and voltage, the islanded's power regulation and connected MG under source and load changes, which contain classic and artificial intelligence techniques. Moreover, these techniques are used also for economic analysis. To evaluate the exhibitions of microgrid (MG) operations and sizing economic analysis acts as a significant tool. Optimization method is obligatory for sizing and operating an MG as reasonably as feasible. Diverse optimization advances remain pertained to microgrid to get optimal power flow and management.

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2021

The microgrid system is currently seen as a viable solution to the power shortages expected from future power systems. Renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and hydropower offer well-thought-out high energy potential for future micro-systems. Microgrid (MG) is essentially a low (LV) or medium (MV) voltage distribution network, consisting of a specified number of distributed generators (DG); Micro sources such as photovoltaic (PV) panels, fuel cells, wind turbines, etc., energy storage and load systems; Operate as a single managed system that can operate in a networked or isolated mode. The CEO has ample opportunity to support everyone or most of the load is connected to the microgrid. This article presents a micro-grid system based on wind and solar power sources and addresses problems related to the functioning, control and stability of the system. Using Matlab/Simulink, the system is modeled and simulated to identify the relevant technical problems involved in the operation of a micro-grid system based on renewable energy generation units.

Research Square- Springer preprint, 2024

Mewar University grapples with exorbitant energy costs of approximately $1kWh, unreliable power supply, and a significant reliance on diesel engines and the grid. This dependency not only escalates energy expenses but also contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change, global warming, and environmental pollution. To mitigate these issues, this study proposes an optimized microgrid design integrating PV solar panels, wind turbines, diesel generators, and grid connectivity, utilizing HOMER software for optimization. The software identified multiple configurations, with the optimal design meeting an energy demand of 20,077,351 kWh/year through a combination of solar PV (288,947,670 kWh annually), wind turbines (36,825,618 kWh annually), and minimal reliance on diesel generators. The system would purchase 3,827,194 kWh annually from the grid during low renewable output periods and sell 167,761,193 kWh annually during surplus production. This design achieves a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.00146/kWh and a return on investment (ROI) of 10.1%, with total component expenditure of $16,207,384, covering capital investments, operations and maintenance (O&M), and fuel costs. Solar photovoltaics contributes 83% of the annual production, with the remaining 17% from the grid and wind turbines, establishing the system as cost-effective and environmentally friendly due to its heavy reliance on renewable energy sources (RES). Comprehensive feasibility, technical, economic and sensitivity analyses confirm the viability of implementing this proposed system. Ultimately, the proposed microgrid design promises a sustainable, economical, and reliable energy solution for the University.

IJSETR, 2017

The brief description of a microgrid development project currently in progress is proposed in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to improve power quality. In this project, the economic dispatch and weekly operation planning are the methods of Microgrid control where the main objectives are to minimize fuel cost and CO2 emission. The objective of having Microgrid is discussed. The main components of Microgrid and the technique on how the Microgrid central controller was developed. to control the voltage and frequency the Microgrid controller managed in both grid connected and islanding mode as well as maintained them within mandatory operational limit of respective operation code. A microgrid comprises distributed generation, energy storage, loads, and a control system that is capable of operating in grid-tied mode and/or islanded mode. An active power loss is also significantly reduced. By using the simulation results we can study the Microgrid system and also to demonstrate the workability of the concept.

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 2019

This study presents design, performance analysis, and optimization of a hybrid microgrid for the hospital complex located on Eskişehir Osmangazi University (ESOGU) campus using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software. Solar energy potential of the campus and the real electricity consumption of the hospital collected over one-year period were used in the design of the microgrid. The optimization takes into account the overall performance and the economic feasibility of the microgrid system over its lifetime. The designed microgrid consisting of photovoltaic (PV) modules, diesel generators, batteries, converters, and loads is configured as a grid-connected hybrid system. In order to optimize the system, PV module failures, increase in demand, increase in fuel cost of diesel generators, and mains interruptions are defined as performance variables and realistically modelled in the HOMER simulation. Later, both the individual and the combined effects of these variables on the performance of the microgrid was investigated via simulation using five operating scenarios. The objective was to obtain reliable data from the microgrid design that reflects the realistic operation of microgrid over its 25-years of service time. Simulation results have shown that the economic feasibility and the performance of the microgrid are greatly affected by these factors. For example, in a worst case scenario where all variables are acting together, net present cost increases to 40.44%, cost of energy increases to 21.92%, and operating cost rises to 53.91%. Moreover, the results show a reduction up to 33.30% in the portion of energy that is directly transferred from renewable sources to the load. The simulation results were then used to optimize the design of the microgrid system for the best overall performance. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the proposed hybrid microgrid system supplies the energy demand of the hospital, lowers the cost of electricity consumption, provides a reasonable payback time, and the best of all, it contributes to the clean campus concept.

International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE), 2017

This paper presents an investigation about the impact of integrating renewable energy based generation sources on the existing distribution system in terms of load sharing. The study of load sharing among various distributed generators (DGs) and utility grid has been performed for two cases: (a) when equivalent source based DG is connected and (b) when real PV/Fuel cell based DG is properly integrated to the distribution system. The real photovoltaic and fuel cell based DG do not behave as stiff current/voltage source due to disturbances happening either internally in system known as parametric uncertainties or due to external disturbances like weather conditions, load change etc. Further it has been observed with extensive analysis using simulation result, that even though all DGs are of equal capacity in their generation but when the load is either increased or decreased this doesn’t essentially guarantee that all DGs will equally share the active and reactive power demand

The demand for high quality electricity and growing electricity consumption has been caused by increasing electrification of daily life causes and the rising number of sensitive or critical loads. Due to the rapid increase in global energy consumption and the diminishing of fossil fuels, the customer demand for new generation capacities and efficient energy production, delivery and utilization keeps rising. The micro grid concept has the potential to solve major problems arising from large penetration of distributed generation in distribution systems. A proper control strategy should be implemented for a successful operation of a micro grid . Different load models can be simulated and analyzed using MATLAB and PSCAD software. In this paper, the work done in the field of Micro Grid has been reviewed.

Journal of Electrical Systems, 2019

Over the past decades, the exploitation of renewable sources has significantly increased as a carbon-neutral mean of electricity supply. A Microgrid (MG) represents a suitable concept to integrate renewable resources, in which local generation source and Energy Storage System (ESS) are coordinated to cover the customer demand in any conditions. In addition, Energy Management System (EMS) is investigated to allocate optimally the power output of the Distributed Generator (DG) units, economically satisfy the Load Demand (LD), properly regulate the frequency and voltage of the MG systems, and automatically assure a smooth transition between Grid Connected (GC) and islanded operation modes. This paper reviews MG-EMS, which has evolved in recent frameworks, discussing MG generation and storage units, the use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) as backup device, the installation of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems to supply thermal requirements, MG-EMS objectives function and system constrain...

2019

In this modern era, technology continues to develop and improve, experiencing a signification transformation from the traditional concept and centralized power generation to an incorporated system with distributed energy resources (DER) which is then located closer to the local loads. A sustainable solution with this future concept would be the Microgrid application, and it is a growing system in recent days. This system consists of an integration of the generation from different renewable energy sources that contain energy storage systems. Microgrid also acts as a backup source to failure of the main power supply allowing the network to operate independently. This technology has provided a high reliance on the economy and the growing demand of the technologies such as the energy generated from wind and solar. The growth in several Microgrid utilization has also decreased the reliance on the usage of fossil fuels. The idea of the Microgrid application and implementing it into the ne...