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Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A. Matemáticas
We provide some characterizations of precompact abelian groups G whose dual group G ∧ p endowed with the pointwise convergence topology on elements of G contains a nontrivial convergent sequence. In the special case of precompact abelian torsion groups G, we characterize the existence of a nontrivial convergent sequence in G ∧ p by the following property of G: No infinite quotient group of G is countable. Finally, we present an example of a dense subgroup G of the compact metrizable group Z(2) ω such that G is of the first category in itself, has measure zero, but the dual group G ∧ p does not contain infinite compact subsets. This complements Theorem 1.6 in [J.E. Hart and K. Kunen, Limits in function spaces and compact groups, Topol. Appl. 151 (2005), 157-168]. As a consequence, we obtain an example of a precompact reflexive abelian group which is of the first Baire category.
Journal of Group Theory, 2000
We prove that every dense subgroup of a topological abelian group has the same 'convergence dual' as the whole group. By the 'convergence dual' we mean the character group endowed with the continuous convergence structure. We draw as a corollary that the continuous convergence structure on the character group of a precompact group is discrete and therefore a non-compact precompact group is never reflexive in the sense of convergence. We do not know if the same statement holds also for reflexivity in the sense of Pontryagin; at least in the category of metrizable abelian groups it does.
Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, 2012
We present a wide class of reflexive, precompact, non-compact, Abelian topological groups G determined by three requirements. They must have the Baire property, satisfy the open refinement condition, and contain no infinite compact subsets. This combination of properties guarantees that all compact subsets of the dual group G ∧ are finite. We also show that many (non-reflexive) precompact Abelian groups are quotients of reflexive precompact Abelian groups. This includes all precompact almost metrizable groups with the Baire property and their products. Finally, given a compact Abelian group G of weight ≥ 2 ω , we find proper dense subgroups H 1 and H 2 of G such that H 1 is reflexive and pseudocompact, while H 2 is non-reflexive and almost metrizable.
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 2005
The Pontryagin-van Kampen (P-vK) duality, defined for topological Abelian groups, is given in terms of the compact-open topology. Polar reflexive spaces, introduced by Köthe, are those locally convex spaces satisfying duality when the dual space is equipped with the precompact-open topology. It is known that the additive groups of polar reflexive spaces satisfy P-vK duality. In this note we consider the duality of topological Abelian groups when the topology of the dual is the precompactopen topology. We characterize the precompact reflexive groups, i.e., topological groups satisfying the group duality defined in terms of the precompact-open topology. As a consequence, we obtain a new characterization of polar reflexive spaces. We also present an example of a space which satisfies P-vK duality and is not polar reflexive. Some of our results respond to questions appearing in the literature.
Motivated from , call a precompact group topology τ on an abelian group G ss-precompact (abbreviated from single sequence precompact) if there is a sequence u = (u n ) in G such that τ is the finest precompact group topology on G making u = (u n ) converge to zero. It is proved that a metrizable precompact abelian group (G, τ ) is ss-precompact iff it is countable. For every metrizable precompact group topology τ on a countably infinite abelian group G there exists a group topology η such that η is strictly finer than τ and the groups (G, τ ) and (G, η) have the same Pontryagin dual groups (in other words, (G, τ ) is not a Mackey group in the class of maximally almost periodic groups). We give a complete description of all ss-precompact abelian groups modulo countable ss-precompact groups from which we derive:
Forum Mathematicum, 2000
We study Pontryagin reflexivity in the class of precompact topological Abelian groups. We find reflexive groups among precompact not pseudocompact and among pseudocompact not compact groups. Making use of Martin's Axiom we give an example of a reflexive countably compact not compact Abelian group. We also prove that every pseudocompact Abelian group is a quotient of a reflexive pseudocompact group with respect to a closed reflexive pseudocompact subgroup.
An Abelian topological group is called strongly reflexive if every closed subgroup and every Hausdorff quotient of the group and of its dual group are reflexive. In the class of locally compact Abelian groups (LCA) there is no need to define "strong reflexivity": it does not add anything new to reflexivity, which by the Pontryagin - van Kampen Theorem is known to hold for every member of the class. In this survey we collect how much of "reflexivity" holds for different classes of groups, with especial emphasis in the classes of pseudocompact groups, $\omega$-groups and $P$-groups, in which some reflexive groups have been recently detected. In section 3.5 we complete the duality relationship between the classes of $P$-groups and $\omega$-bounded groups.
Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 2013
Topology and its Applications, 2019
If G is a locally essential subgroup of a compact abelian group K, then: (i) t(G) = w(G) = w(K), where t(G) is the tightness of G; (ii) if G is radial, then K must be metrizable; (iii) G contains a super-sequence S converging to 0 such that |S| = w(G) = w(K). Items (i)-(iii) hold when G is a dense locally minimal subgroup of K. We show that locally minimal locally precompact abelian groups of countable tightness are metrizable. In particular, a minimal abelian group of countable tightness is metrizable. This answers a question of O. Okunev posed in 2007. For every uncountable cardinal κ, we construct a Fréchet-Urysohn minimal group G of character κ such that the connected component of G is an open normal ω-bounded subgroup (thus, G is locally precompact). We also build a minimal nilpotent group of nilpotency class 2 without non-trivial convergent sequences having an open normal countably compact subgroup. All topological groups are assumed to be Hausdorff. 1. Preliminaries A topological group is (locally) precompact if it is topologically isomorphic to a subgroup of some (locally) compact group, or equivalently, if its completion with respect to the left uniformity is (locally) compact. Symbols t(X), χ(X), nw(X), w(X) denote tightness, character, network weight and weight of a space X, respectively. All cardinal invariants are assumed to take infinite values. Definition 1.1. For a non-trivial group K and a cardinal κ, we define Σ κ (K) = {f ∈ K κ : |{α < κ : f (α) = 1}| ≤ ω} to be the Σ-product of κ-many copies of K. Recall that a space X is said to be ω-bounded if the closure in X of every countable subset of X is compact. Fact 1.2. Let K be a non-trivial compact metric group and κ be an uncountable cardinal. Then G = Σ κ (K) is an ω-bounded, Fréchet-Urysohn group such that χ(G) = w(G) = κ. Moreover, the following properties pass from K to G: (i) connectedness;
Topology and its Applications, 2012
We study the class CC of topological Abelian groups G such that all countable subgroups of G are closed. It is shown that all countably compact subsets of a bounded torsion group in CC are finite, while in general countably compact subsets of any group in CC are countable and compact. It was proved by the author in 1992 that there exist arbitrarily big pseudocompact groups in CC; however all these groups did not contain non-trivial convergent sequences. For every infinite cardinal κ satisfying κ ω = κ, we construct here a pseudocompact Abelian group G ∈ CC of cardinality κ which contains non-trivial convergent sequences. We show, however, that all countably pseudocompact groups as well as all countably pracompact groups in the class CC are finite.
2007
An Abelian topological group is called strongly reflexive if every closed subgroup and every Hausdorff quotient of the group and of its dual group are reflexive. In the class of locally compact Abelian groups (LCA) there is no need to define "strong reflexivity": it does not add anything new to reflexivity, which by the Pontryagin-van Kampen Theorem is known to hold for every member of the class. In this survey we collect how much of "reflexivity" holds for different classes of groups, with especial emphasis in the classes of pseudocompact groups, ω-groups and P-groups, in which some reflexive groups have been recently detected. In section 3.5 we complete the duality relationship between the classes of P-groups and ω-bounded groups, already outlined in [26]. By no means we can claim completeness of the survey: just an ordered view of the topic, with some small new results indicated in the text.
Topology and its Applications
Under p = c, we answer Question 24 of [6] for cardinality c , by showing that if a non-torsion Abelian group of size continuum admits a countably compact Hausdorff group topology, then it admits a countably compact Hausdorff group topology with non-trivial convergent sequences.
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 2020
We construct, in ZFC, a countably compact subgroup of 2 c without non-trivial convergent sequences, answering an old problem of van Douwen. As a consequence we also prove the existence of two countably compact groups G 0 and G 1 such that the product G 0 × G 1 is not countably compact, thus answering a classical problem of Comfort.
Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 1995
Applied general topology, 2005
We study the sequences of integers (un) that converge to 0 in some precompact group topology on Z and the properties of the finest topology with this property when (un) satisfies a linear recurrence relation with bounded coefficients. Some of the results are extended to the case of sequences in arbitrary Abelian groups.
According to Comfort, Raczkowski and Trigos-Arrieta, a dense subgroup D of a compact abelian group G determines G if the restriction homomorphism G → D of the dual groups is a topological isomorphism. We introduce four conditions on D that are necessary for it to determine G and we resolve the following question: If one of these conditions holds for every dense (or G δ -dense) subgroup D of G, must G be metrizable? In particular, we prove (in ZFC) that a compact abelian group determined by all its G δ -dense subgroups is metrizable, thereby resolving a question of Hernández, Macario and Trigos-Arrieta. (Under the additional assumption of the Continuum Hypothesis CH, the same statement was proved recently by Bruguera, Chasco, Domínguez, Tkachenko and Trigos-Arrieta.) As a tool, we develop a machinery for building G δ -dense subgroups without uncountable compact subsets in compact groups of weight ω1 (in ZFC). The construction is delicate, as these subgroups must have non-trivial convergent sequences in some models of ZFC.
Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra, 2005
We prove that direct and inverse limits of sequences of reflexive Abelian groups that are metrizable or k -spaces, but not necessarily locally compact, are reflexive and dual of each other provided some extra conditions are satisfied by the sequences.
Topology and its Applications, 2009
A topological Abelian group G is called (strongly) self-dual if there exists a topological isomorphism Φ : G → G ∧ of G onto the dual group G ∧ (such that Φ(x)(y) = Φ(y)(x) for all x, y ∈ G). We prove that every countably compact self-dual Abelian group is finite. It turns out, however, that for every infinite cardinal κ with κ ω = κ, there exists a pseudocompact, non-compact, strongly self-dual Boolean group of cardinality κ.
Forum Mathematicum, 2014
Topology and its Applications, 2010
Let G be a topological group with the identity element e. Given a space X, we denote by Cp(X, G) the group of all continuous functions from X to G endowed with the topology of pointwise convergence, and we say that X is: (a) G-regular if, for each closed set F ⊆ X and every point x ∈ X \ F , there exist f ∈ Cp(X, G) and g ∈ G \ {e} such that f (x) = g and f (F ) ⊆ {e}; (b) G ⋆ -regular provided that there exists g ∈ G \ {e} such that, for each closed set F ⊆ X and every point x ∈ X \ F , one can find f ∈ Cp(X, G) with f (x) = g and f (F ) ⊆ {e}. Spaces X and Y are G-equivalent provided that the topological groups Cp(X, G) and Cp(Y, G) are topologically isomorphic.
arXiv (Cornell University), 2008
For an abelian topological group G let G^* be the dual group of all continuous characters endowed with the compact open topology. A subgroup D of G determines G if the restriction homomorphism G^* --> D^* of the dual groups is a topological isomorphism. Given a scattered compact subset X of an infinite compact abelian group G such that |X|<w(G) and an open neighbourhood U of 0 in the circle group, we show that the set of all characters which send X into U has the same size as G^*. (Here w(G) denotes the weight of G.) As an application, we prove that a compact abelian group determined by its countable subgroup must be metrizable. This gives a negative answer to questions of Comfort, Hernandez, Macario, Raczkowski and Trigos-Arrieta, as well as provides short proofs of main results established in three manuscripts by these authors.
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