• International Entrepreneurship - an Indian Case Study

New Dimensions of Economic Globalization, 2008

This article analyses the trends, patterns and determinants of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) by Indian enterprises, which has increased markedly since the onset of reforms. It finds that the sharp rise in OFDI since 1991 has been accompanied by a shift in the geographical and sectoral focus of Indian investments. It develops an analytical framework for explaining the probability of an Indian enterprise investing abroad and undertakes empirical analysis using a large exclusive dataset of Indian enterprises. The findings suggest that Indian enterprises draw ownership advantages from accumulated production experience, cost effectiveness of their production processes and adaptations to imported technologies made with technological effort, and sometimes with the ability to differentiate the product. Firm size exerts a positive but nonlinear effect. Enterprises that are already engaged in exporting are more likely to be outward investors. Finally, policy liberalization of the 1990s has encouraged Indian enterprises to venture abroad.

Thunderbird International Business Review, 2017

Indian fi rms are challenged by the latecomer disadvantages faced by emerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) in general. These challenges notwithstanding, Indian fi rms are doing crossborder acquisitions (CBAs) in developed regions. Analyzing fi rm-level secondary data of two Indian MNEs-namely, Motherson Sumi Systems Limited and Rain Industries Limited-that show signifi cant developed region-based revenues and assets, we link extant and emerging theoretical perspectives on EMNEs ' internationalization with the observed fi rm motives and behaviors of our case fi rms. We propose a framework of multiple contextual settings to understand the context-driven internationalization of the case fi rms. Finally, our article offers a set of propositions emphasizing fi rm-level entrepreneurial orientation and international orientation, when EMNEs internationalize via CBAs in developed regions.

2010

Contrary to contentions in earlier literature that emerging multinationals are only regional players, the evidence on the globalness of Indian firms presented in this study suggests that a number of emerging multinationals are global firms. Their strategies target both the developed and the developing markets and the intensity of their overseas operations is comparable with or far greater than those of the world’s leading multinationals. Many of these firms have greater sales or capital assets outside their home base. Indeed, many of them qualify as global firms as they have a significant presence (over 10% of sales) in each of the four regions (the triad and the non-triad developing regions) and no region alone accounts for more than 50% of their global sales. The study of the transformation of emerging multinationals into non-home region players provides considerable potential for better understanding management theories and practices.

International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2011

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of the born global firm (BGF) in the Indian context. Specifically, the paper explores firm-level characteristics (from the Indian IT industry) which act as initiating forces for firms which have made cross-border acquisitions within five years of incorporation. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses inductive reasoning to derive a theoretical framework of analysis, using constructs from the resource-based view and institutional theory. Findings – The paper posits that firm resources, personal and network characteristics of its founders, age of the firm and institutional factors act as the initiating factors for a BGF. Originality/value – This is the first study on the phenomenon of the BGF from India, which is an important emerging market, and has pioneering value, contributing to the growing literature on the topic. Key Words : India, Born GLobals, Information Technology , Acquisitions and mergers, Emerging markets, Multinational companies

2011

Presentazione: Contrary to contentions in earlier literature that emerging multinationals are only regional players, the evidence on the globalness of Indian firms presented in this study suggests that a number of emerging multinationals are global firms. Their strategies target both the developed and the developing markets and the intensity of their overseas operations is comparable with or far greater than those of the world's leading multinationals. Many of these firms have greater sales or capital assets outside their home base.

2006

This paper investigates whether transnational entrepreneurs who create and operate hightech start-ups in India are more likely to survive and sustain when compared to the local entrepreneurs. Data from 45 high-tech start-ups headquartered across different locations in India were used for the purposes of analysis. The results indicated that transnational entrepreneurs were more likely to achieve survival of their high-tech start-ups in comparison to their local counterparts. In addition, our findings established that young technical transnational graduates, who possessed entrepreneurial experience and who had obtained early funding, would have a higher probability of achieving survival of their high-tech start-ups in India. For policy makers, investors and practitioners focused on emerging economies, this paper reveals the type and kind of factors that should be examined to enable a vibrant startup ecosystem in the region.

Transnational Corporations, 2017

Following the ongoing liberalization and openness measures begun in the 1990s, an increasing number of Indian firms have progressively taken to outward FDI (OFDI), in line with their efforts to diversify away from domestic markets. This expansion has been heightened by market competition on firms' home turf, the continued high growth of the home economy (leading to investible resources) and considerably expanding business prospects worldwide. Internationalization has gained strategic importance in the survival and growth of capable Indian firms in recent periods. Although most of the Indian firms investing abroad are relatively small compared with their developed-country counterparts, a number of them have turn global in their operations. They tend to be involved in a wide range of manufacturing and services activities, with a notable presence in knowledge-based sectors. Some Indian firms have risen to leading global positions through mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and greenfield investments in industries such as pharmaceuticals, automotive, steel, information and communication technology (ICT) and petroleum refining. These emerging global players are acquiring particular relevance to host countriesdeveloping as well as developed -in important ways.

2009

This paper examines the phenomenon of accelerated internationalization of firms from the Indian IT industry. It examines the emergence of the Born Global firm in the Indian context with a specific focus on firms which made an acquisition within five years of incorporation. It specifically addresses the issue of initiating factors which contribute to the emergence of the Born Global Acquirer using constructs from the Resource based view (RBV) and institutional theory.