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2013, Forensic Science International: Genetics
AI
X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci are utilized for forensic applications, particularly in paternity testing within multidimensional Ecuadorian populations, including Mestizos, Kichwas, and Waorani. This study investigates the genetic structure of these populations using 10 X-STRs, revealing significant genetic differences, particularly in relation to demographic and ancestral factors. Results indicate that specific reference databases are necessary for accurate forensic calculations involving these populations.
Forensic Science International: Genetics, 2008
The analysis of X-STR polymorphisms has received the attention of several researchers, mainly due to its applicability to the investigation of complex kinship cases. Although many X-STRs have been validated for forensic use, little is known about the variations of these polymorphisms in different populations of the world. The present work describes a new multiplex system that allows the simultaneous analysis of 11 X-STR markers, for use both in paternity determination and more complex forensic cases. The loci investigated include DXS9895, DXS7132, DXS6800, DXS9898, DXS6789, DXS7133, DXS7130, HPRTB, GATA31E08, DXS7423, and DXS10011, which together afford a power of discrimination in the order of 0.999999. In addition, this work presents the genotyping results obtained for a sample of 324 individuals (182 males and 142 females) from the admixed population of Belém, Pará, located in the Brazilian Amazon Region. #
Human Biology, 2007
Three main ethnic groups live in the South American country of Ecuador: Mestizos, Amerindian natives, and African-derived populations, or Afro-Ecuadorans. Mestizos and Afro-Ecuadorans can be considered trihybrid populations containing genes originating in the Americas, Europe, and Africa, as is the case with equivalent populations in other Latin American countries. The proportion and the dynamics of the admixture process remain unknown. However, a certain sex asymmetry of the admixture process can be expected for historical reasons. We typed 11 Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (STRs) in these three ethnic groups to provide adequate allele and haplotype frequencies for forensic genetic purposes and to quantify admixture proportions in male lineages. In addition, a data set of 15 autosomal STRs in the same samples were reanalyzed for the same purpose. Contributions to Mestizo Y chromosomes were estimated to be 70% European, 28% Amerindian, and 2% African, whereas in autosomes the contributions were 19%, 73%, and 8%, respectively, which underlines the sexual asymmetry in mating, with Europeans contributing mostly males. European Y-chromosome haplotypes in Mestizos were similar to those in Spain. Moreover, about 10% of European Y chromosomes were found in the Amerindian Kichwa. As for Afro-Ecuadorans, their contributions to the male line are 44% African, 31% European, and 15% Native American; the last value is the highest percentage reported so far for an African-derived American group. Autosomal admixture was estimated as 56% African, 16% European, and 28% Amerindian.
International Congress Series, 2006
The X linked short tandem repeat (STR) markers have proven to be very useful tools for paternity testing when the disputed child is female. This paper aims to describe the polymorphism of five X-chromosomal STR loci (DXS6800, DXS6807, DXS6798, DXS8377 and DXS7423) in an Antioquian (Colombian) population sample, and evaluate their efficiency in forensic practice and paternity testing. The comparisons of the allele frequency distributions for Antioquian population are similar to European populations. The forensic efficiency values demonstrate that especially DXS8377 and DXS6798 are highly informative markers for kinship analysis and deficiency cases.
Forensic Science International-genetics, 2011
2009
Whole blood was obtained in EDTA vacutainers tubes by venipuncture from 102 Mestizo, 102 Kichwa, 102 Afro-Ecuadorian and 35 Waorani males born and living in Ecuador. Samples from Kichwas, Afro-Ecuadorian and Waoranis were obtained directly at their communities. Samples of Mestizos were taken from a paternity test bank of our laboratory in Quito. All the samples were obtained after informed written consent and were approved by the Bioethics Committee of our hospital. We selected the individuals using criteria such as skin color, surnames, town of origin and language. All samples have been previously typed for autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) [1-4]. Ecuador's population is ethnically diverse. The largest ethnic group is comprised of Mestizos, the mixed descendants of Spanish colonists and indigenous Amerindians, who constitute just over 65% of the population [5]. Native Amerindians (Kichwa speaking) are second in numbers and account for approximately a fifth of the current population, around 3 million people [6]. Most of them live in the mountains, in the Andean region, from Carchi province in the north to Loja province in the South (Fig. 1a). Some of them, speaking a different Kichwa language, inhabit the Amazonian provinces of Pastaza, Napo, Sucumbíos and Orellana. The small Afro-Ecuadorian minority ($500,000 individuals), is largely based in coastal Esmeraldas province and in the Valle de Chota located in the Andean region (Fig. 1b). The Waorani are the last nomad population of hunters and gatherers in Ecuador. Known traditionally as ''Aucas'' or ''Jíbaros'', they have been popularized as being capable of ''shrinking heads'', a process known as ''tzantza''. They speak the ''Wao Tiriro'' language, which, according to linguistic studies, does not have any related languages. The Waoranis currently live in small isolated groups in Ecuadorian Amazonia, some of them subject to oil companies that are deforesting and destroying their natural environment, whilst other individuals live isolated without any contact with the Western world, for example the ''Tagaeris'', the ''Taromenanes'' and the ''Oñ amenanes''. According to the Waorani Nationality Diagnosis carried out in 1999, the population exceeds 2200 people. They can be found in three provinces of Amazonia (Orellana, Pastaza and Napo, see Fig. 1(c). Their traditional territory extended over an approximate area of 2,000,000 ha, between the right bank of the Napo River and the left bank of the Curaray. They are currently organized in around 28 communities which are grouped together around the population in contact [6]. This population maintained its independence and defend their territory through belligerent actions. The Forensic Science International: Genetics 3 (2009) e83-e91
Forensic Science International: Genetics, 2010
Human Biology, 2013
Forensic Science International: Genetics, 2021
Autosomal DNA data from Peru for human identity testing purposes are scarce in the scientific literature, which hinders obtaining an appropriate portrait of the genetic variation of the resident populations. In this study we genetically characterize five populations from the Northeastern Peruvian Andes (Chachapoyas, Awajún, Wampís, Huancas and Cajamarca). Autosomal short tandem repeat (aSTR) and identity informative single nucleotide polymorphism (iiSNP) data from a total of 233 unrelated individuals are provided, and forensic genetic parameters are calculated for each population and for the combined set Northeastern Peruvian Andes. After correction for multiple testing in the whole dataset of the Northeastern Peruvian Andes, the only departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in locus rs2111980. Twenty one out of 27 aSTR loci exhibited an increased number of alleles due to sequence variation in the repeat motif and flanking regions. For iiSNPs 33% of the loci displayed flanking region variation. The combined random match probability (RMP), assuming independence of all loci (aSTRs and iiSNPs), in the Chachapoyas, the population with the largest samples size (N = 172), was 8.14 × 10-62 for length-based data while for sequence-based was 4.15 × 10-67. In the merged dataset (Northeastern Peruvian Andes; N = 233), the combined RMP when including all markers were 2.96 × 10-61 (length-based) and 3.21 × 10-66 (sequence-based). These new data help to fill up some of the gaps in the genetic canvas of South America and provide essential length-and sequence-based background information for other forensic genetic studies in Peru.
International Congress Series, 2003
Allele frequency data for the STR systems, HUMCSF1PO, HUMTPOX and HUMTH01, were determined in a population sample of unrelated Amerindian Quichua individuals. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations and the high discrimination power of combined system showed the forensic efficiency of these genetic markers. There is a lack of genetic information on Ecuadorian populations and therefore no previous publications on the distribution of STRs in Quichuas are available. D
Forensic Science International, 2003
Allele frequency data for the 15 STR systems and Amelogenine were determined in a population sample of healthy Mestizo unrelated individuals. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations and the high discrimination power of combined system showed the forensic efficiency of these genetic markers. There is a lack of information on Ecuadorian population from a genetic point of view and therefore no previous publications on the distribution of STRs on Mestizos is available. Mestizos are descendents of Spanish and Amerindian people, however, significant differences were found between the former and the populations from Spanish peninsula, that have been analyzed for these genetic markers. #
International Congress Series, 2006
Allele frequency data for the 15 STR systems, Amelogenine and 12 STRs from chromosome Y were determined in a population sample of healthy Amerindian Huaorani individuals. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations and the high discrimination power of the combined system showed the forensic efficiency of these genetic markers. D
Forensic Science International, 2006
Allele frequency data for the 15 STR systems and Amelogenine were determined in a population sample of healthy Amerinidian Kichwas and Blacks individuals. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations and the high discrimination power of combined system showed the forensic efficiency of these genetic markers. #
Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series, 2013
Human Biology
In northeast Argentina, different Amerindian communities share territory and history with settlers, mainly Europeans. Due to miscegenation, the current Argentinian population has a particular structure that can be described through the X chromosome variation. Our objectives are: to describe the variation of 10 X-STRs in urban populations of the Argentinian regions known as Gran Chaco and Mesopotamia; to report the forensic parameters of these STRs, and to estimate the European and indigenous genetic components in these regions. Population and forensic parameters were estimated for 419 individuals from the analysed populations, including two indigenous groups, Wichí and Mocoví, previously reported. Population structure was estimated through Fst and Rst distances and AMOVA calculations. The indigenous American and European components were assessed with STRUCTURE. X-STRs showed a high level of genetic variability in urban and indigenous populations. Indigenous people of the Gran Chaco region showed significant differentiation from the urban samples (Fst 5.5%) and also among themselves (Fst 5.3%). The genetic differentiation among urban groups is almost negligible instead population from Misión Nueva Pompeya differed from the rest of the city populations. Forensic parameters indicate that these X-STRs are useful as a complement to paternity tests. The set of 10 STRs could be a good tool for population differences.
Forensic Science International, 2007
Allele frequencies for 13 short tandem repeat (D3S1358, vWA, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317, D7S820, TH01, TPOX, D16S539, CSF1PO, D8S1179 and FGA) loci were determined in a sample of 325 unrelated individuals from the population of the Amazon of Belém, Brazil. These loci are the most commonly used in forensic and paternity testing. The forensic parameters investigated presented high values. The power of discrimination and the probability of exclusion for these 13 STRs are 99.999999999992% and 99.9998%, respectively. In conclusion, these 13 markers are suitable for forensic analysis and paternity tests of the Amazonian population. #
One hundred and eighty-two samples of unrelated people who requested the paternity test at the Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory of the Catholic University of Cuenca-Ecuador in the province of Azuay were studied, except for the D1S1656 (180 samples) and SE33 (89 samples) markers. The STRs
2011
Allele frequency data for the STR systems CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D5S818, and D7S820 were determined in a population sample of unrelated, healthy Amerindian Kichwa individuals. All loci met Hardy-Weinberg expectations, and there was no evidence for association of alleles among the seven loci.
Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series, 2019
The Mestizo (admixed) population of the Peninsula of Yucatan (Southeast, México) characterizes by a predominant Native American origin involving the Mayan culture. Autosomal Short tandem repeats (STRs) are the election tool for human identification (HID) purposes, such as forensic casework and paternity testing, among others. Although there are autosomal STR databases for some Mexican populations, the HID kits with more STRs have poorly studied in this country. Therefore, we estimated forensic parameters for 22 autosomal STRs belonging to the PowerPlex® Fusion System Promega kit (Promega, Corp.) in a population sample of 733 Mexican Mestizos subjects from the Peninsula of Yucatán (Southeast, Mexico). Buccal swabs were used as DNA sample for direct PCR multiplex amplification for genotyping PowerPlex® Fusion System Promega kit. Forensic parameters were obtained with Powerstats 1.2 software. Hardy-Weinberg expectations (HWE) were estimated with GDA ver 1.1 software. Gene diversity was estimated with Shannon-Wiener (H`) and statistical differences with t-test modified by Hutcheson using Biodiv 5.1 software. Interpopulation comparisons were analyzed with Dice and Rogers-Tanimoto indexes and classification method of Unweighted Pair-Group Method (UPGMA). Genotype distribution was in agreement with HWE (p > 0.001), except for D1S1656. FGA and Penta E were the most polymorphic loci with 32 and 25 different alleles, respectively. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.6112 for D22S1045 to 0.9141 for D1S1656. The most discriminating loci were Penta E (0.9852) and FGA (0.9756). The combined power of discrimination and combined power of exclusion were 1.9093 × 10 −26 and 99.9999833%, respectively. Gene diversity ranged from 1.21 for D22S1045 to 2.68 for Penta E. Inter-comparison populations did not show significant differences for gene diversity based on allelic frequencies of 22 studied autosomal STR. Our results provide a STR population dataset that allow confident interpretation of paternity tests and criminal cases carried out with this HID system in the Peninsula of Yucatan.
Forensic Science International-genetics, 2011
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