Psychoanalysis-Freud

WORK UNIVERSITYOF PESHAWAR i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises to ALLAH, the most Merciful, Kind, and Beneficent, and source of all Knowledge, Wisdom within and beyond our comprehension. all respects and possible tributes goes to our Holly Profit MUHAMMAD (Swal Allaho Alaihy Wasallam), who is forever guidance and knowledge for all human beings on this earth. Thanks to Dr. Rahat Sajjad, Chairperson Psychology department, and the course instructor, who has contributed enthusiasm, support, sound advice, particularly her supportive attitude was always a source of motivation for me. She guided me in a polite and cooperative manner at every step. I am also in debt to all those writers who has written such informative and thought provoking books and other material. Imran Ahmad Sajid ii SUMMARY To many minds there have been four great scientific revolutions in the recent history of man. These are the revolutions wrought by Darwin, Marx, Einstein, and Freud. It is impossible nowadays, however much one may disagree with the tenets of psychoanalytic theory, to deny the enormous influence of Sigmund Freud on so many facets of everyday life. To many people who have never taken a psychology course, psychology begins and ends with psychoanalysis. Proponent of psychoanalysis believe that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts over which the individual has little awareness and control. Dreams and slips of the tongue are viewed as indications of what a person is truly feeling within a seething cauldron of unconscious psychic activity. Psychoanalysis has its roots in hypnosis. The first contributor was Franz Mesmer, who is known for inducing a Trans like state called Mesmerism. He has presented the idea of animal magnetism. He also presented the thesis that the planets and moon has an effect on the body. He used magnets for the treatment of paralysis, later he claimed that he could treat paralysis without magnets by directing his own magnetic fluid to the patient's body. Liebault and Bernheim introduced Mesmerism in the Nancy school, France. They drew significant attention there. Jean Martin Charcot was a French Neurologist and he used to treat hysterical patients through the use of hypnosis. In 1885 Charcot introduced Freud to hypnosis. It was under Charcot's influence that Freud began developing his own theory of psychoanalysis. Josef Breuer introduced Freud to Cathartic method of treatment of hysteria.

Sigmund Freud, born in Austria in 1856, was the most important and instrumental personality and mind scientist in the twentieth century. First 10 years (1886-1896) in Freud's career as a psychoanalyst were crucial and useful for everyone in the psychology field. Freud's interest in the evolutionary roots of the human mind and its neurotic and psychotic diseases was shown in his first ten years of his career as a psychiatrist and continued throughout his writing career, according to Young (2006). Freud's theoretical insights and innovative psychotherapy approach transformed psychiatry according to Ellman (2018). The seduction theory, the theory of regression, and the theory of dream are some of his most important ideas. In laying the groundwork, Freud had a tremendous effect on later thinkers and his ideas are still being debated and discussed in psychology today. II. The First 10 Years A. The Beginning of Freud's Career as a Therapist According to Messias (2014), Sigmund Freud is the most important historical figure, followed by Carl Jung and John Dewey. Talk therapy, popularized by Freud, became popular among persons suffering from anxiety and mood problems throughout the third period. In addition to the seduction and regression ideas, and the theory of dreams, he speculated about psychological problems and the unconscious mind.

Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939) is considered to be one of the pioneers of modern psychology. His theory of personality states that (a) the human psyche (personality) has more than one aspect (see below) and (b) the unconscious mind can be highly influential in directing human behavior. Freud did not invent the idea of the unconscious. His contribution was an understanding of how impulses and ideas contained in the unconscious were often prevented from becoming conscious. This chapter excerpt describes some of the basics elements of his theory.

WHAT IS PSYCHOANALYSIS?

Of what does the 'cure' consist in psychoanalysis? Freud circulates around this problem with all the tenacity of a neurotic trying to come to terms with the question of his or her desire. Indeed, the problem of the cure might productively be thought of as the desire of psychoanalysis itself: psychoanalysis as a body of knowledge concerned with the treatment of psychic disorder. Is the fact that this knowledge includes no definitive conception of the cure a sign of its strength or its weakness? Jacques-Alain Miller, has pointedly remarked that psychoanalysis has "therapeutic effects", that "may only be obtained on the condition that you question the very notion of cure, because for the human condition, there is no cure" (N.P.); in fact, psychoanalysis developed out of the questioning of the "very notion of cure", which is reflected in the evolution of its technique, beginning with the shift from Freud's first application of Josef Breuer's 'cathartic method'. Breuer's method was closely aligned with hypnosis and suggestion, requiring the physician to question the patient about her symptoms under the influence of hypnosis. Later, Freud will briefly introduce a modified version-without direct hypnosis-that he called the 'pressure technique' before finally settling on the well-known practice of 'free association'.

1979

The life and work of Sigmund Freud continue to fascinate general and professional readers alike. Joel Whitebook here presents the first major biography of Freud since the last century, taking into account recent developments in psychoanalytic theory and practice, gender studies, philosophy, cultural theory, and more. Offering a radically new portrait of the creator of psychoanalysis, this book explores the man in all his complexity alongside an interpretation of his theories that cuts through the stereotypes that surround him. The development of Freud's thinking is addressed not only in the context of his personal life, but also in that of society and culture at large, while the impact of his thinking on subsequent issues of psychoanalysis, philosophy, and social theory is fully examined. Whitebook demonstrates that declarations of Freud's obsolescence are premature, and, with his clear and engaging style, brings this vivid figure to life in compelling and readable fashion.