Terminology of the Article as a Scientific Text

Problems of Education in the 21st Century, ISSN 1822-7864, 2019

Writing and publishing scientific articles (research, review, position etc. articles) are referred to as responsible academic activities. Any scientist/researcher is somehow involved in scientific writing. Thus, this is a technique assisting the researcher with demonstrating individual performance. Most of the main scientific/research journals are published in English, and therefore scientific information is made internationally available by a wide audience and actually becomes accessible to every scientist and/or researcher. On the other hand, a valid point is that scientific/research journals are published in different national languages. Nevertheless, it should be noted that science policy has recently become one-dimensional and resulting in a blind orientation towards support for scientific/research journals published in English. As noted by Poviliunas and Ramanauskas (2008), national languages face a legitimate risk of becoming domesticated and to one degree or another being excluded from scientific, cultural, education and public areas of life. However, this is material for another discussion. Still, every researcher finds relevant to properly prepare a scientific article, i.e. describe the conducted research and publish the obtained results. The previous editorial attempts were made to discuss the fundamental structural elements of the scientific/research article, including the title, summary and keywords (Lamanauskas, 2019). This time, efforts are exerted to share certain insights and gained experience in writing the introduction to the article.

Scientists and researchers communicate their research results one to another through scientific articles. These articles are generally published in scientific journals or presented in conferences. To make the communication efficient and effective, the articles must be presented coherently and logically. This can be realized through the use of the format commonly used in scientific articles. This paper describes the structure of scientific articles that are commonly used to communicate the results of research, known as AIMReDCaR (Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Result, Conclusion, and References). Discussions are focused on the scientific article features and guidelines for writing each section.

Scientists and researchers communicate their research results one to another through scientific articles. These articles are generally published in scientific journals or presented in conferences. To make the communication efficient and effective, the articles must be presented coherently and logically. This can be realized through the use of the format commonly used in scientific articles. This paper describes the structure of scientific articles that are commonly used to communicate the results of research, known as AIMReDCaR (Abstract, Introduction, Methodology, Result, Conclusion, and References). Discussions are focused on the scientific article features and guidelines for writing each section.

Problems of Education in the 21st Century, ISSN 1822-7864, 2020

Scientific (academic) writing is continuous activity of every scientist (researcher), and therefore needs to be regularly advanced. Thus, it should be wrong to assume that writing proficiency is achieved once and for all. The skills of academic writing are essential for the independent acquisition of scientific knowledge and for disseminating the acquired information, i.e. sharing knowledge with others. On these grounds, it is worth remembering that a fully completed research paper, the clear results of the conducted research and specific and valid conclusions act as prerequisites for writing a good scientific article etc. Another trivial but important point is that writing an article (or other research paper) is barely a study itself, but only the presentation, dissemination and publicity of the findings. Consequently, even properly carried out research (exploration, examination etc.) and the obtained significant results may fail to be appropriately presented, and the importance of the produced results may simply ‘disappear’ in a poor description.

Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India, 1999

Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 2019

Scientific article writing is undoubtedly an inseparable part of academic activity. Every researcher/scientist, in one way or another, has to declare scientific research activity results, i.e., to publish in scientific press. If this is not done, it is considered that a scientific work is not finished regardless of the size of the research/experiments carried out and so on. Such information has to be completely understandable not only in the academic environment but also in society. Publications in the international and independent science journals acknowledged in the academic community show the real value of the scientist and his works. This does not mean in any way that the other level publications are not necessary (Lamanauskas, 2013). Every publication has its auditorium, purpose, aims and so on. Regardless of the type of publication broadly speaking, it has to be appropriately prepared. On the other hand, every scientist and/or researcher is different, first of all, in the sense of academic literacy. Academic literacy formation is one of the constituents of the academic activity. Thus, an appropriate academic literacy level is necessary. The question only is what an appropriate level means. According to the researchers, academic literacy is a complex wholeness of abilities, knowledge and attitudes covering both general and special items, typical only for academic literacy (Žukauskienė & Erentaitė, 2011). Writing, first of all, is a direct analysed material/information presentation in written form and visualisations, isn't it? And such presentation is inevitably focused on other people, i.e. scientific information consumers/ readers, who are not exhaustively acquainted with the particular research and/or area of interests. Academic writing is a manifold construct joining such essential elements as specific science field understanding, scientific research methodology understanding, statistics knowledge, finally, native and foreign language culture understanding. For academic writing, it is important to understand well not only scientific text characteristics (e.g., clearness, completeness, originality) but also responsibility (e.g., research methodology validity/reliability/suitability, formulated conclusions and /or presented recommendations). It is understandable that researchers are people having different qualifications, experience and so on. However, inevitably each of them constantly encounters academic writing challenges. Scientific research activity is not a static, unchanging thing, on the contrary, it is a dynamic activity. From the classical point of view, there exist two though closely related however different scientific activity processes. The first one is search for a scientific research idea, grounding, research planning and carrying out. The second one is the carried-out research description and presentation. Presentation is usually understood as research procedure and result public announcement. Despite the fact that plenty of various advice, recommendations, examples on academic writing questions are published, nevertheless, it is necessary to accentuate some essential things preparing a scientific article. Here the focus is put on social science field scientific publication preparation (for example, education). On the other hand, we think that it is useful for the other field scientists as well.

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, 2019

Scientific writing in English started in the 14th century. Human beings have been able to communicate for thousands of years. Yet scientific communication as it is today is relatively new. It was only 300 years ago that the first journals were published. Writing is the most vital means for communicating scientific work. It helps document and communicate ideas, activities and findings to others. Good writing can be beneficial to scientists in a number of ways. In this article we have discussed the basic overview and principles of scientific writing.

2021

The article clarifies the peculiarities of the organization of educational and scientific research activity of higher education institution students, which is an important way to improve the quality of training and forming of specialists with an academic degree, able to creatively apply the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress, and opens opportunities for effective acquisition and use of knowledge; implements an individualized approach to learning; develops the ability to independently conduct research and summarize the investigation results; dominant tasks are characterized; the directions (educational research, scientific research and scientific organizational) and types of educational research activity of students (abstract, scientific reviews and articles, course and diploma papers) are analysed; the theoretical bases of stylistics and the concept of "style" are investigated; the substyles of the scientific style are analysed (proper scientific (academic, purely scientific); scientific and technical (production and technical); scientific humanitarian; scientific informative (scientific summarizing); scientific reference (reference-encyclopaedic). It is proved that the main purpose of scientific language is to create and produce the scientific text, by which we mean the highest communicative unit within scientific discourse, a holistic communicative block having a clear, logical structure and internally complete parts, saturated with relevant terminology, a set of constant text categories and a means of presenting scientific information, the results of scientific research. The levels of organization of the scientific text (linguistic-structural (operating with linguistic models); Collective monograph linguistic-cognitive (verbalized concepts in the text); communicativerhetorical (means of persuasion in the scientific text); communicativepragmatic (personal attitude of the one who produces a scientific text to the message) are investigated; the features of primary (monograph, dissertation, bachelor and master theses) and secondary (scientific article, abstracts, summaries, annotations, reviews, reports) scientific texts are characterized. The paper reveals the principles of compiling scientific texts: content saturation-innovativeness of the presented information, its cognitive value; professional core-the need for analysed information for a particular sphere; scientific informativeness-the author's concept of the represented research; novelty of the scientific text-new observations and knowledge discoveries that can be implemented in practice; content completeness-the integrity of the presented statements; problematicitycoding of problematic issues; comprehensibility to a specialist in a particular field-apprehensibility of information and providing necessary conditions to understanding it; intertextuality-connection of the scientific text with other types of texts; text declarativeness-a clear comparative analysis of a particular process or phenomenon. The stages of work on the scientific text (organizational, research, generalization of research results) are studied. Requirements for the creation of scientific texts are defined: clear structure (division into chapters, sections, units, paragraphs and sentences that are closely related to each other), avoiding of repetitions (in particular, in conclusions to chapters and in final conclusions); deliberate use of graphic material; systemacity in the process of writing the text; avoidance of concepts that cannot be unambiguously interpreted; justified use of figures and facts; text coherence. The requirements to the structure of the scientific text (introduction, research part, conclusions) are covered.

Studies in Linguistics and Language Teaching - Issue 30, 2019

This study created the Scientific Research Article Word List (SRAWL) out of the titles and abstracts of scientific research articles. The purpose of the list is to show scientists who are not native speakers of English what words they need to learn in order to handle scientific research articles in English. When scientists are determining whether or not a research article is worth reading, they look at the title first and then the abstract. Therefore, it is helpful if

Winston Churchill is reported to have said of literary critin who insisted that sentences never end in a ~reoosition ( I ) .