The Internally Displaced in Lebanon*

BMJ, 2005

World Development, 2012

This work was supported by the Jesuit Foundation and the Faculty Development Fund at the University of San Francisco. We thank Caroline Coleman, Angela Lucia and Diane Royal for excellent research assistance. Abdelbagi Elawad was essential in conducting the field work for this project. We are also very grateful to Adeeb Yousir Abdel Alla for his hard work, responsiveness and wonderful disposition during the data-gathering phase of the project. Eric Werker also generously provided the comments on an early version of this article. The authors take responsibility for any remaining errors in this paper.

International Journal of Disaster Resilience in The Built Environment, 2022

Addressing the housing needs of the displaced communities is an essential part of a recovery programme that has specific links to livelihoods, health, education, security and social and family stability. The housing factor acts as a social centre for family and friends, a source of pride and cultural identity, a resource that commands political and economic importance. Therefore, addressing the housing needs of the displaced communities should be seen as a mode to promote resilience and sustainable communities. Instead, the consideration of housing needs merely as a physical need results in many issues to the communities, including no access to livelihood, poor living condition, health problems, lack of financial independence, lack of social satisfaction and social cohesion and sometimes even recreates and worsens the existing vulnerabilities of displaced communities. Within this context, this paper investigates the factors to consider when addressing the housing needs of the displaced people promoting Resilience and Sustainable Communities. With the identification of this research need, the research team of the project titled REGARD (REbuildinG AfteR Displacement) conducted 47 in-depth interviews in four partner countries (UK, Sweden, Estonia and Sri Lanka) with officials, community representatives, social support networks, agency networks, etc. Apart from that, focus group discussions were conducted with the community members in Sri Lanka, covering both conflict-induced and disaster-induced displacement. Findings revealed that the housing factor plays a significant role in rebuilding communities and determining the long-term satisfaction of displaced communities. Further, the results present eight essential factors to consider when addressing the housing needs of the displaced communities promoting resilient and sustainable communities.

Guidance Note: Humanitarian Action for Different At-Risk Groups in Displacement , 2024

To effectively protect and assist displaced persons with diverse characteristics, it is essential to address challenges to their participation, promote more inclusive coordination mechanisms and data systems, and ensure the delivery of more appropriate services. The active and meaningful participation of at-risk groups in displacement is a precondition for more inclusive and effective humanitarian action. Defining roles and responsibilities for the protection of specific groups among humanitarian actors and integrating specialised stakeholders in relevant coordination mechanisms are crucial for developing tailored responses to the specific needs of displaced people. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the composition of the displaced population and identifying gaps in data collection, use, analysis, and dissemination can lead to practical improvements in humanitarian programming for all displaced persons. Effective humanitarian action requires removing barriers to accessing essential services, as well as complementing these services with targeted efforts that ensure the safety and dignity of every displaced individual.

etd.aau.edu.et

ACHPR/Banjul Charter-African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights ACRWC-African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child ARRA-Administration for Refugee and Returnee Affairs vi ART-Antiretroviral Therapy CEDAW-Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CRC-Convention on the Rights of the Child CESCR-Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights COCs-Combined Oral Contraceptives "Reproductive health conditions are the leading cause of death and illness in women worldwide." (UNFPA, Reproductive Health Fact Sheet, 2008) "Reproductive health care should be available in all situations and be based on the needs and expressed demands of refugees, particularly women, with full respect for the various religious and ethical values and cultural backgrounds of the refugees, while also conforming to universally recognized international human rights standards." (Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations: An Inter-Agency Field Manual 1999) 1 Joëlle Moret, Simone Baglioni, Denise Efionayi-Mäder, The Path of Somali Refugees into Exile, A Comparative Analysis of Secondary Movements and Policy Responses, P 276 Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies No. 46, available at http://www.migration-population.ch. (accessed on May 2010) These refugees live in 10 camps and 4 different places other than camps. Eritrian refugees live

Institute for Social Justice and Conflict Resolution, 2021

Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 2004

Lebanon has witnessed multiple waves of displaced peoples throughout its recent history, including the displacement of Palestinians to Lebanon after the occupation of Palestine in 1948, the internal displacement of families from occupied Southern Lebanon after the Israeli invasion of 1978, and the influx of Syrian refugees after the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in 2011. Many Syrian families had to reconstitute their lives in Lebanon because of the crisis in their country, often in tented and informal settlements or in overpopulated or even abandoned buildings. This article focuses on the process of hosting Syrian refugees in Saida in Southern Lebanon after 2011. It explores service provisions and the two dominant types of housing for Syrian refugees: collective shelters and single apartments within local neighbourhoods. The article argues that mechanisms of exclusion emerge with intensity in cities like Saida that have received and accommodated multiple waves of displacement. Such mechanisms of exclusion in Saida are politically attuned to the historical depth of the hosting experience and emerge at multiple levels, both social and spatial. This is despite Saida's mobilization to provide aid, and its departure from housing refugees Keywords displacement Syrian refugees Lebanon social exclusion housing urban services

Sociology and Anthropology, 2020

The displacement of people within their own countries is currently a common international and national phenomenon. Migration of internally displaced persons in the northeastern part of Nigeria is caused by internal armed conflict, particularly caused by the Boko Haram insurgency. The internally displaced people are living in highly vulnerable conditions. They suffer discriminations, faced emotional trauma, experience significant deprivation and impoverishment. The paper focuses on the role of the social workers in assisting the internally displaced persons of the northeast who are ravaged by the operation of insurgents. The present study aims at examining the causes and effects of the displacement of persons in the study area. A mixed method of data was employed. Therefore, two hypotheses and four research questions were formulated to guide the study. A total of 278 respondents was utilised for the study and stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents. In addition to that, six respondents were engaged in an interview and purposive sampling was used to select the interviewers. The instruments used in the study are self designed questionnaire tagged the Internally Displaced Persons Questionnaire (IDPQ) and the interview protocol. The questionnaire has a reliability coefficient of 0.82. The t-test at 0.05 level of significance was used in testing the null hypotheses. While thematic analyses were used for the interview. The findings of the study show that there is no significant difference in the manner of people's displacement due to Boko Haram insurgency. However, there is a significant relationship between internally displaced persons and their vulnerability. Similarly, the result revealed that injustice, security lapses, weak and inefficient governance, illiteracy as well as unemployment are the causes of the displacement. Consequently, the effects of the displacement include lack of peace and stability, family disintegration, alienation, loss of economic opportunities, breakdown of cultural identity, loosening of social and family structure, interruption of children's schooling and increased poverty.

This paper presents the realities on ground concerning internally displaced persons within the African continents as a result of terrorism and natural disasters. There have been serious cases of regional conflicts orchestrated by insurgency groups especially in Nigeria, Mali and Somalia. Also, the incidence of flooding due to torrential rains, poor infrastructural facilities and urban planning is another aspect. The conflict within the northeastern region of Nigeria has displaced millions of people residing there since 2008. There is a continuous rise in the numbers of internally displaced persons across Nigeria and by extension other African countries. This paper would throw more light on the harsh realities internally displaced persons have to contend with in different parts of Nigeria. Studies reveal many factors responsible for the upsurge in displaced people are all related to socially structured sources of insecurity such as poverty, unemployment, inequalities, hunger, marginalization and oppression by the government. These are some of the major challenges of internally displaced persons. Also, lack of social integration and inadequate social amenities are some sources of insecurities. Some of the host communities were resistant towards foreigners. The objective of the this paper is to examine the challenges of internally displaced persons in line with intervention programs designed to enhance their resettlement within their host communities or make a return to their roots. Government stakeholders and international organizations need to collaborate on how to resolve the challenges of the internally displaced persons IDPs through enhanced access to loans, basic social amenities, infrastructure and offer support for livelihood via employment and empowerment (skills acquisition and trainings.) Internally displaced persons should be resettled in regions where they can easily have access to good economic and social opportunities whilst relating with the host community.