Simply atoms – atoms simply

Journal of Modern Physics, 2016

In this study all energy in the universe, here called energy quanta, originate from a singularity at the centre of the universe. These energy quanta have different frequencies and at each frequency the energy quanta can have positive or negative spin direction. There is a force of attraction between energy quanta which have exactly the same frequency but opposite spins. This is the dominating force in the universe and accounts for the strong nuclear force, the Coulomb force and the gravitational force. The universe contains one more basic entity; the oscillator quantum which absorbs and re-emits energy quanta at one specific frequency. The oscillator quantum can have positive or negative spin. Thus, there is a force of attraction between oscillator quanta with opposite spins and which amalgamates oscillator quanta into larger structures, i.e. particles (e.g. electron). These particles also have spin at a specific spin frequency and they have positive or negative spin. Thus they absorb and re-emit energy quanta at a frequency specific to the particle and where they can have positive or negative spin. This amalgamates particles into larger structures, e.g. quarks, neutron, proton and atomic nucleus. Using this model enables simple and stringent descriptions of elementary particle physics, electromagnetic theory, gravity, photon and inertial mass. The present model may be a step towards unification of elementary particle physics, general relativity, quantum physics and electromagnetic theory into one comprehensive theory.

This paper provides a short presentation of a natural, rational, classical, deterministic, continuous, mathematically endowed model of the hydrogen atom. The tittle could very well add the warning " for Global Analysts " , because it assumes that the reader is familiar not only with QM but also with Global Analysis, the contemporary mathematical version for manifolds of the classical Newton-Leibniz Infinitesimal Calculus, specifically adapted to non-linear problems. This is a requisite for a succinct, technical description of our topic. Also, along the paper QM is constructively criticized. QM is already confusing enough, thus no additional harm is really done stating here that Quantum Mechanics is neither wrong, nor right, but rather the complete contrary.

Advanced texts in physics, 2005

The usual quantum model for the hydrogen atom is a Hamiltonian dynamical system defined over a complex projective space; it is based on Schrödinger operator H. Since the 1920s it is known that, when compared with the physical atom, the quantum model has important shortcomings. First and foremost the quantum system has no trajectories joining stationary electron configurations at different energy levels, as reflected by Schrödinger phrase diese verdammte quantenspringerei. The natural model is an alternative Hamiltonian system also based on H but having space of states equal to the cotangent manifold of a real projective space. This is a system with trajectories that join any pair of given stationary electron configurations. The present paper discuses some basic aspects of the natural model.

Physics Today, 2012

R ichard Feynman once wrote that the concept of the atomic structure of the material world was the most fertile idea we inherited from antiquity. But although the so-called atomic hypothesis traces its beginnings to the fifth century BC (see box 1), it was only a century ago, in 1911, that the atom secured its place as the cornerstone of the modern physical sciences. That year marked two important advances in our understanding of the microscopic world. First, from the observation that α particles were deflected as they passed through a thin gold foil, Ernest Rutherford arrived at the planetary model of the atom, in which electrons orbit a massive nucleus. Second, he evaluated the angle-differential cross section for the deflection of the α particles. 1 Rutherford's formula was purely classical-he treated atomic particles as having trajectories influenced by Coulomb forces-yet it proved remarkably accurate. An identical expression can be derived quantum mechanically by calculating the scattering amplitude due to Coulomb interaction in the limit of weak scattering, where the first Born approximation holds (see box 2). The success of Rutherford's calculations, however, was soon overshadowed by the advent of quantum mechanics (QM), which triumphed in describing atomic and subatomic processes. Deemed generally inadequate, the classical approach was neglected until 1953, when Gregory Wannier, then at Bell Labs, used classical mechanics to derive a law describing near-threshold atom ionization due to electron impact. 2 In the decades that followed, various efforts from an assortment of groups demonstrated the enduring capacity of classical mechanics to elucidate the structure and interactions of atoms.

It is argued that two ontological assumptions in Bohr's original atomic model are actually supported by the latter quantum mechanics. They are: (1) electrons are particles; and (2) they undergo discontinuous jumps.

2022

Schrodinger received the Nobel prize in 1933 for his wave model of the atom, and yet when asked about his role in the development of quantum mechanics, he is quoted as having said "I don't like it, and I am sorry I ever had anything to do with it! " Why did Schrodinger feel so betrayed? We show here that the electron as conceived of by Schrodinger is entirely different from the standard model form that it takes today, and that the true meaning he attempted to convey at the time has largely been lost to history. We attempt to re-present this model, using Schrodinger's own words where possible, to explain what may very well be a tragedy in the history of science.

We have created a particle-base model, Atonic Mechanics, for calculating the spectra of the hydrogen and helium atoms. We make the argument that the Schrödinger theory is un-physical for one of the simplest atomic configurations, the ground state of the hydrogen atom. Although the mathematical procedures in Atonic Mechanics are relatively simple, the accuracy of the ground state helium atom calculations is comparable to the accuracy of the Schrödinger Equation using perturbation techniques. Our mathematical procedure is energy minimization with the introduction of a term Δn, the precession fraction, in the angular momentum. The precession fraction is a real quantity in the helium atom energy levels shown on the NIST website with the Atonic Mechanics interpretation of that data. We have found curve-fitted expressions for Δn for the helium singlet and triplet cases. The curvefitted equations seem to suggest a coupling scheme between the angular momentum of the electrons in an atom. We obtain good agreement between the Atonic Mechanics calculation for helium spectra and the more than 400 energy levels given on the NIST website.