The diversity of hydropower projects

The study focuses on the Environmental Factors that are necessary for Hydroelectric Power Generation. . The hydroelectric power plant instructional device was designed for showing the similar process of hydroelectric power plant in generating electricity to the small villages. Based on the evaluation conducted, the factors were proven to be highly acceptable based on the given criteria on aesthetics, functionality and reliability. The study really supports the findings of the researchers about the project. The research project “Environmental Factors Necessary for Hydroelectric Power Generation.” will be used in laboratory purposes and the findings can also help our instructors in demonstrating and explaining about hydroelectric power plant.

International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering, 2015

Hydropower energy is a renewable, sustainable and clean energy in the other alternative energy sources. Moreover, it does not deprive future generations in terms of raw materials, or burdening them with pollutants or waste. Hydroelectric power plants utilize the basic national and renewable resource of the country. Although the initial investment cost of hydropower seems relatively high, the projects have the lowest production costs and do not depend on foreign capital and support, when considering environmental pollution and longterm economic evaluation. Hydropower is available in a broad range of project scales and types. Projects can be designed to suit particular needs and specific site conditions. As hydropower does not consume or pollute the water it uses to generate power, it leaves this vital resource available for other uses.

Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language, , 2023

The concept of living in harmony with nature is as old as humankind. However, a modern conception emerged in the term 'sustainable development' with the rise of green movements in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Sustainable development can be defined as an approach to the economic development of a country without compromising with the quality of the environment for future generations. This definition captured the spirit of the times whereby government, business, and civil society have strived to make development sustainable. Hydropower accounts for 16% of all global electricity production and it is one of the world's most widely used renewable, low-carbon energy resources. It plays an important role in enabling communities around the world to meet their power and water needs. In some regions the pace of hydropower growth has been rapid but with little guidance to ensure development is sustainable. However, some of the most promising and influential initiatives to improve development, such as the Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol, have been driven by the hydropower sector itself. This paper addresses the progress that hydropower has made in the context of sustainable development over the past 15 years. The concept of sustainable development does imply limits, not absolute limits but limitations imposed by the present state of technology and social organizations on environmental resources and by the ability of the biosphere to absorb the effects of human activities. But technology and social organization can both be managed and improved to make way for a new era of economic growth.

In this work we summarized the all the concepts of hydropower plants dams as well as all hydropower plants. Introduction There are many ways to generate electricity in modern day. One of them is to use the gravitational force of falling water, which is also known as hydroelectricity. Hydroelectricity occurs in a dam, where the falling water is used to generate enough force to turn a turbine that is connected to an electricity generator. With this action, potential energy of water is transformed into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy. This is both an efficient and green way of generating electricity: it is not as hard as the geothermal electricity because people do not have to find a perfect area to generate it; and it is also not as polluting as the nuclear power plants are. Therefore, hydroelectricity is much greener than the nuclear power plants which generate electricity, and much easier to generate than the geothermal electricity, where it is economically attractive, provides security of supply and has low levels of COR 2 Remissions Hydropower has been using in thirty country worldwide and its production is estimated at 1/5 total global production with 90% efficiency. The greatest benefit from the hydropower program is the abundant low-cost energy the projects contribute to electric power grids. Because hydroelectric power plants burn no fuel, operating costs are low and are immune to rising fossil fuel prices, when construction costs were low. As a result, these plants are playing a significant role in keeping electricity costs affordable for consumers, creating a positive impact on the economy. Not only, but a dams which use to produce energy also used to irrigation and keep water to expected drought periods. So hydropower is considered a major renewable energy where it just produce through magnetic induction, the generator converts the mechanical energy of the turbines to electricity. In Sudan there's 92% primary energy consumption comes from fossil fuels and 8% from hydropower. However, the current installed capacity is about 60% of hydropower. The country is making efforts to integrate more renewable energy resources and seeks 11% of renewable electricity generation except hydropower by 2031. Sudan has also adopted a national energy efficiency plan in 2012 and has set cumulative energy efficiency targets of 11.8% and seeks 32% by 2020[1, 2, and 3] Classification of Hydropower Plants According to Capacity Hydropower plants classified according its capacity to six types large, medium, small, mini, micro, pico and will be discuss below in details [4]. 1. Large hydropower plants: >100 MW 2. Medium hydropower plants: 25-100 MW 3. Small: 1-25 MW

Energy Policy, 2002

Technically feasible hydropower potential estimated at nearly 15 000 TW h/yr still exists in the world today, mostly in countries where increased power supplies from clean and renewable sources are most urgently needed to progress social and economic development. While it is not realistic to assume that all of this potential will be developed in the short or even medium term, it is clear that hydro has a substantial role to play in world energy supply. It can also offer a number of environmental and technical advantages, in terms of avoided generation based on fossil fuels. This paper reviews the current role hydropower is playing in the world, along with some its inherent benefits, and then looks at the remaining potential, and some specific development plans in various regions of the world. Attention is drawn to the advantages of developing hydropower as part of a multipurpose water resources scheme, often enabling it to subsidize other valuable functions of a reservoir or river system.

Energy, 1992

The development of hydroelectric power throughout the world is receiving renewed attention as the economic, political, and environmental costs of conventional energy production rise. There is currently a perception that hydro electricity has environmental and economic advantages over electricity produced by conventional energy technologies, but there is a paucity of information about the environmental impacts of hydroelectric facilities as a function of size and type. We characterize the environmental impacts of hydroelectric developments and quantify these impacts as a function of the size and type of project. Several unexpected conclusions arise from our analysis. For most hydroelectric facilities, size, as measured by installed capacity, is not necessarily a good indicator of the severity of environmental costs. For impacts such as land flooded and evaporative water lost, smaller facilities cause greater environmental disruptions per unit of energy produced than do larger facilities. A more striking conclusion, however, is that differences m the type of facility, as indicated by the relationship between dam height and gross static head, are often far more important from an environmental perspective than are differences in the installed electrical capacity of a facility. Another major conclusion is that the development of hydroelectric facilities (independent of their size) such as dams at new sites and dams operated to produce peak power are often, accompanied by environmental and ecological disruptions comparable to or exceeding those of conventional nonhydroelectric energy facilities. These results suggest that there is no justification to expedite licensing procedures for hydroelectric facilities smaller than some arbitrarily chosen installed capacity, as currently permitted by' some laws. Appropriate policies should emphasize the development of dams on the basis of other favorable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.

IntechOpen eBooks, 2021

Renewable energy sources are gaining momentum in power sector mainly to address the impacts of climate change as well as the risks associated with usage of fossil fuels or nuclear energy sources. Hydropower is one of the most promising renewable energy source-based power plant that hold significant shares globally. But there are series of risks associated with hydropower project when we talk about sustainability and needs are felt to critically understand the pertaining risks as well as protocols or measures to quantify the risks. Such measure will prove to be crucial in underlining the strategic measures from planning, construction and operation phases of hydropower keeping on account of its sustainability.

Concerned with increasing energy prices, balance of payment problems and reliability energy supplies, many countries are reassessing the role of hydroelectric energy within national energy policies. Since hydroelectric generation does not consume water, the projects- once developed- can be used to provide water for agricultural and industrial developments, two major problems faced by all developing countries. While the primary impacts of the majority of hydroelectric developments have been beneficial, it is now evident that they have also contributed to several adverse environmental effects. Two such major environmental impacts are discussed: problems due to erosion and sedimentation and implications of inundations, especially in terms of resettlement.

Green Health: An A-to-Z Guide, 2011