NOA Oregon Wild Horse Spay Part 2

Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2018

Australian Veterinary Journal, 1993

The records of 1630 mare years from 6 Thoroughbred stud farms in south eastern Australia were analysed for the years 1981 to 1986. Overall pregnancy and foaling rates were 83.9% and 69.3%, respectively. When calculated per served oestrous cycle, pregnancy and foaling rates were 54.7% and 43.1%, respectively. Pregnancy and foaling rates were higher (P < 0.001) for mares 3 to 10 years of age than for older mares. There was no difference in the pregnancy ratesof maiden, barren and foaling mares. The foaling rate was significantly higher (P c 0.001) In mares that became pregnant during the first served oestrous cycle (77.8%) than in mares that needed two served oestrous cycles to become pregnant (65.4%). 01 all diagnosed pregnancies, 19.5% were not completed. Pregnancy loss was lower (P < 0.05) in maiden (12.4%) than in barren (19.7%) or foaling (20.9%) mares.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2018

Veterinary World, 2025

This review explores advanced strategies for enhancing fertility and optimizing reproductive outcomes in equine breeding programs. Horses, being seasonal breeders, present unique reproductive challenges influenced by environmental and physiological factors such as photoperiods, hormone cycles, and aging. Key approaches discussed include hormonal therapies, artificial light manipulation, and nutritional supplementation to improve ovulation and conception rates during the breeding season. Specific hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, equine follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone are analyzed for their roles in synchronizing estrus and increasing ovarian activity. The document also emphasizes the significance of dietary strategies, particularly the inclusion of omega-3 fatty acids, L-arginine, and essential vitamins, in improving reproductive health. In addition, the review underscores the importance of stallion management, addressing factors such as testicular health, age, and environmental stress. Practical methods to mitigate seasonal infertility and improve foaling rates through better reproductive management of mares and stallions are detailed. These insights aim to assist stud farm owners in maximizing breeding efficiency and achieving higher economic returns. The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive guide to practical interventions that increase the productivity and sustainability of equine breeding operations. Keywords: economic empowerment, equine breeding management, fertility enhancement, hormonal therapy, reproductive efficiency, seasonal breeding. How to cite this article: Khan IU, Khairullah AR, Khan AY, Rehman AU, and Mustofa I

2016

The modern horse (Equus caballus) evolved in North America about four million years ago, dispersing into Eurasia approximately two to three million years ago. Following this emigration, several extinctions occurred in North America, as did additional migrations to Asia and return migrations to North America (see chap. 8). The final North American extinction occurred between 13,000 and 11,000 years ago (Hunt 1992). Eurasian populations persisted, and humans began domestication ~6,000-5 ,500 years ago (Outram et al. 2009) on the western Eurasian Steppe (Warmuth et al. 2012) and perhaps on the Iberian Peninsula (Warmuth et al. 2011; Achilli et al. 2012). Today, European free-roaming horse populations can be grouped into three classes: (1) traditional popu· lations, (2) true feral populations, and (3) introduced populations (for the purposes of conservation management). We consider traditional popu· lations to be free-roaming, long-established horses that are harvested by local people (...

Ethiopian Veterinary Journal, 2015

Morphometric characterization, breeding soundness evaluation and reproductive management of 33 sport horses (14 mares and 19 stallions) belonging to Palace Administration was carried out for 6 months from January to June/2014. Animals were also subjected to condition scoring, and detailed evaluation through ultrasonography, semen analysis and fertility test using AL The overall age, BCS and body weight were 15±5.7 years, 5.2±1.3 and 327.7±33.3 Kg, respectively. Stallions were significantly older than the mares while mares were heavier with relatively poorer BCS. Body weight was significantly correlated with girth both in mares (p<0.05; r=0.97) and stallions (p<0.05; r=0.68). Comparison of body morphometry among mares, studs and neutered stallions showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in loin length, front and hind leg height, and head length. BCS and scrotal circumference of the breeding stallions (n=12) were highly correlated (P<0.05; r=0.60). The length of estrous cycle and estrus in the breeding mares were 16.1±3.5 days and 7-12 days, respectively. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the total number of follicles among the mares. The mean (±SD) diameters of the first-largest and pre-ovulatory follicles were 24.3±9.23 mm and 29.4±9.19 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the diameter of the preovulatory follicles among the breeding mares. Fresh semen was generally characterized by poor motility (<50%), small live percent (54.3%), high gel volume (>40%) and very poor freeze ability (<10% in total motility of frozen thawed semen) however, fertility of fresh semen was 50%. Poor performances are signs of inbreeding that also render the studs unfit for breeding. A proper reproductive management is required to mitigate further loss of performance and influence of inbreeding depression.

2000

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors affecting gestation length in 209 foalings from 65 heavy draft horses by multiple linear regression analysis. The objective variable was gestation length, and the explanatory variables were stud farm, year foaled, month foaled, age of mare, parity of mare, last gestation length, foal gender, and some meteorological parameters (the mean values of prepartum 10 days: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average barometric pressure, and hours of sunshine in a day). The mean gestation length for 209 foalings was 334.9 (standard deviation ¼ 8.3) days, with a range of 313-352 days. Stepwise regression analysis showed that last gestation length and foal gender had significant (P < .01) effects on gestation length. Multiple regression analysis showed that last gestation length (standard partial regression coefficient ¼ 0.54) was more influential on the present gestation length than foal gender (standard partial regression coefficient ¼ 0.22). The present gestation length and the last gestation length were moderately positively correlated (r ¼ 0.56, P < .01). Colt foal (n ¼ 106) pregnancies were significantly (P < .01) longer than fillies (n ¼ 103) (mean AE SEM: colt 337.1 AE 0.7 vs. filly 332.7 AE 0.9). According to our results, last gestation length (mare itself) and foal gender were the main factors affecting gestation length in heavy draft horses. Once several gestation lengths are known, predictions with acceptable accuracy can be made about the gestation length of that mare's following foaling.