Agronomic Zinc Biofortication in Oat

Campbell Systematic Reviews

International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences, 2021

In the developing world, Zinc deficiency is a bigger most socio-economic concern for the human and constraints for crop production. The deficiency of micronutrients in humans is generally overlapped with the deficiency in the soil. Mostly zinc deficiency is prevalent due to the consumption of cereals because their grains are genetically low in zinc concentration. The zinc deficiency is mostly occurred in soil due to cropping intensification. Intensification of zinc deficiency in humans mainly occurred due to the regular consumption of cereals as a staple food. Zn plays a key role to regulate the different functions in plants, animals, and humans. In humans, especially zinc is required for the immunity boost up. Therefore, a rapid and complementary approach is required for the biofortification of cereal crops to control zinc deficiency in the developing world. In this scenario, the breeding strategy is cost-effective, competent, and requires a lot of time to biofortified the cereals;...

Research, Society and Development

A diet based on cereals may lack essential mineral elements, among them zinc. The provision of this element in diets can be via supplements, food fortifiers or agronomic biofortification (AB), a practice adopted on a farmer scale. It was carried out different studies in countries with specific local conditions. The meta-analysis allows combining quantitative results from different studies, providing a synthesis of results with high reliability. The objective of this work was to analyze the response of rice (Oryza spp.) and wheat (Triticum spp.) to fertilization with zinc in terms of grain yield and accumulation of this nutrient in the grain. We carried out a systematic review where 16 scientific articles from the last five years were selected, and 179 studies fitted the established criteria. The effect size for Zn application via leaf or soil in rice and wheat compared to the control was calculated using the natural logarithm (lnR) between the ratio of the treatment group and the co...

Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2013

Micronutrients, such as zinc, are important for the metabolic activities that can benefit germination and seed vigor because many soils are deficient in this micronutrient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of coating oat seeds with zinc on the physiological quality and yield of the seeds produced. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of the following, with four replications per treatment: factor A -product 1, 780 g L -1 zinc, and product 2, 17 and 600 g L -1 nitrogen and zinc, respectively; and factor B -0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL of each product kg -1 seed. The results were subjected to an analysis of variance and a means comparison test (p ≤ 0.5 using Tukey's test). The experimental plots consisted of vases of 30 L situated in the greenhouse of the Plant Science Department, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. After harvesting, the yield and physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated based on germination, accelerated aging, cold and field emergence tests. At all of the studied doses, both of the zinc products used to coat the seeds resulted in an increase in the yield and seed germination. The dose of 3 mL of product per kg seed generated the best results.

Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias (Agrária), 2020

In underdeveloped countries, zinc deficiency is a public health problem. The main foods consumed in these countries have low levels of the nutrient, making their consumption insufficient to meet the minimum daily requirements. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate agronomic biofortification with zinc in curly lettuce cultivars. The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia -Monte Carmelo Campus, using a complete randomized block design in a 4 × 5 factorial scheme with four replications. The factors consisted of four curly lettuce cultivars (Brida, Isabela, Thaís, and Vanda) and five doses of leaf zinc (0, 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 g ha -1 of Zn). The following traits were evaluated: zinc leaf content, plant height, SPAD index, total fresh mass, stem diameter, head diameter, number of leaves per plant, and estimated average yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test (α = 0.05) and means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability and regression analyzes. According to the results obtained, the cultivar Thaís can be considered the lettuce with highest leaf zinc content and the most biofortified. It is advisable to use 700 g ha -1 of leaf zinc to obtain biofortified lettuce with increased yield.

LIFE SCIENCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

This study evaluates the influence of agronomic biofortification with zinc on the productivity and quality of winter wheat. The large number of people, globally, affected by the nutritional deficiency of minerals, requires urgent measures to remedy this shortcoming. Agronomic biofortification of zinc cereals is much faster than biofortification through breeding programs. The experiment took place at ARDS Lovrin and was placed in the field according to the randomized block method, in three repetitions. The three experimental factors - factor A - seed treatment, with the following graduations: a1 - without seed fertilization, a2 - with seed fertilization, factor B - variety: b1 - Ciprian variety, b2 - Glosa variety, b3 - Dacian variety and factor C - zinc treatment - c1 - unfertilized control, c2 - soil fertilization, c3 - foliar fertilization at the end of the tillering period, c4 - foliar fertilization in the heading phase, c5 - foliar fertilization in the milk phase, were study bot...

2000

Biofortification of crops that provide major food staples to large, poor rural populations offers an appealing strategy for diminishing public health problems attributable to micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this first-stage human study was to determine the increase in quantity of zinc (Zn) absorbed achieved by biofortifying wheat with Zn. Secondary objectives included evaluating the magnitude of the measured increases in Zn absorption as a function of dietary Zn and phytate. The biofortified and control wheats were extracted at high (95%) and moderate (80%) levels and Zn and phytate concentrations measured. Adult women with habitual diets high in phytate consumed 300 g of 95 or 80% extracted wheat as tortillas for 2 consecutive days using either biofortified (41 mg Zn/g) or control (24 mg Zn/g) wheat. All meals for the 2-d experiment were extrinsically labeled with Zn stable isotopes and fractional absorption of Zn determined by a dual isotope tracer ratio technique. Zn intake from the biofortified wheat diet was 5.7 mg/d (72%) higher at 95% extraction (P , 0.001) and 2.7 mg/d (68%) higher at 80% extraction compared with the corresponding control wheat (P = 0.007). Zn absorption from biofortified wheat meals was (mean 6 SD) 2.1 6 0.7 and 2.0 6 0.4 mg/d for 95 and 80% extraction, respectively, both of which were 0.5 mg/d higher than for the corresponding control wheat (P , 0.05). Results were consistent with those predicted by a trivariate model of Zn absorption as a function of dietary Zn and phytate. Potentially valuable increases in Zn absorption can be achieved from biofortification of wheat with Zn.

International Journal of Chemical Studies

Micro nutrients are designed to supply critically needed nutrients at the most responsive time during the growth cycle and to stimulate and optimize the assimilation and production process in the leaves. Micronutrients are the elements which are essential for the plant growth when roots are unable to absorb sufficient nutrients from soil due to high degree of fixation, losses from leaching, low soil temperature and lack of soil moisture. Zinc (Zn) is one of the eight essential micronutrients. It is needed by plants in small amounts, but yet crucial to plant development. In plants, zinc is a key constituent of many enzymes and proteins. It plays an important role in a wide range of processes, such as growth hormone production and internode elongation. Crop yield significantly increases with the use of micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), boron (B), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), etc. Zinc (Zn) has an important metabolically role in plants growth and development and is therefore called an essential trace element or a micronutrient. Zinc is uptake and transfers the form of Zn 2+ in plants and is an essential nutrient that has particular physiological functions in all living systems, such as the maintenance of structural and functional integrity of biological membranes and facilitation of protein synthesis and gene expression, enzymes structure, energy production and Krebs cycle; also has a positive impact on crops yield; therefore crops quantitative and qualitative yield is strongly dependent on zinc (Zn) in the soil. Calcareous soils with high intake of phosphorus (P) and soils with high pH are confronted with zinc deficiency. Zinc is an active element in biochemical processes and there is chemical and biological interaction between it and some other elements such as phosphorus, iron and nitrogen in plants. Phosphorus and copper have an antagonistic impact on zinc. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has determined that zinc is the most commonly deficient micronutrient in agricultural soils; almost 50% of agricultural soils are Zn deficient. Plants growing on potentially zinc-deficient soils have reduced productivity and contain very low concentrations of zinc in the edible parts (such as in cereal grains). Therefore, zinc deficiency represents a serious nutritional and health problem in human populations, especially in the developing world where cereal-based foods are the dominating source of diet. Hence, the review.

Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 2019

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the split and combinated application of foliar zinc (ZnF) + soil Zn (ZnS) on Zn concentration in the grains (ZnCG) of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ). Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse during two seasons. In the first experiment, two common bean cultivars received six ZnF rates (0, 120, 240, 480, 720, or 1,200 g ha -1 ), with split applications at the R5, R7, and R8, or R7 and R8, or R8 plant stages. In the second experiment, one cultivar received three ZnS rates (0, 5, or 10 kg ha -1 ) combined with ZnF rates (0, 1, 1.5, 3, 6, or 10 kg ha -1 ). In the first experiment, with the ZnF increment, ZnCG increased linearly from 15.3 to 20.7 mg kg -1 . ZnF splitting did not affect ZnCG. In the second experiment, ZnF without ZnS did not affect ZnCG. ZnS doubled ZnCG in comparison with the treatment without ZnS application. At 5 kg ha -1 ZnS, the highest ZnCG (67.5 mg kg -1 ) was obtained with 7.8 kg ha -1 ZnF. At 10...

Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017

Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, zinc biofortification of wheat and other cereal crops is being urgently addressed and highly prioritized as a research topic. A field study was planned to evaluate the influence of zinc application on grain yield, grain zinc content, and grain phytic acid concentrations of wheat cultivars, and the relationships between these parameters. Three wheat cultivars, C 1 = Faisalabad-2008, C 2 = Punjab-2011, and C 3 = Millet-2011 were tested with five different methods of zinc application: T 1 = control, T 2 = seed priming, T 3 = soil application, T 4 = foliar application, and T 5 = soil + foliar application. It was found that grain yield and grain zinc were positively correlated, whereas, grain phytic acid and grain zinc were significantly negatively correlated. Results also revealed that T 5 , T 3 , and T 4 considerably increased grain yield; however, T 2 only slightly enhanced grain yield. Grain zinc concentration increased from 33.1 and 33.7 mg kg −1 in T 1 to 62.3 and 63.1 mg kg −1 in T 5 in 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, respectively. In particular, T 5 markedly decreased grain phytic acid content; however, maximum concentration was recorded in T 1. Moreover, all the tested cultivars exhibited considerable variation in grain yield, grain zinc, and grain phytic acid content. In conclusion, T 5 was found to be most suitable for both optimum grain yield and grain biofortification of wheat.