Analysis of Quantum Neural Models

Procedia Engineering, 2014

The advances that have been achieved in quantum computer science to date, slowly but steadily find their way into the field of artificial intelligence. Specifically the computational capacity given by quantum parallelism, resulting from the quantum linear superposition of quantum physical systems, as well as the entanglement of quantum bits seem to be promising for the implementation of quantum artificial neural networks. Within this elaboration, the required information processing from bit-level up to the computational neuroscience-level is explained in detail, based on the combined research in the fields of quantum physics and artificial neural systems.

2003

Quantum learning holds great promise for the field of machine intelligence. The most studied quantum learning algorithm is the quantum neural network. Many such models have been proposed, yet none has become a standard. In addition, these models usually leave out many details, often excluding how they intend to train their networks. This paper discusses one approach to the problem and what advantages it would have over classical networks.

Neural Networks, 2016

In this work, we propose a quantum neural network named quantum perceptron over a field (QPF). Quantum computers are not yet a reality and the models and algorithms proposed in this work cannot be simulated in actual (or classical) computers. QPF is a direct generalization of a classical perceptron and solves some drawbacks found in previous models of quantum perceptrons. We also present a learning algorithm named Superposition based Architecture Learning algorithm (SAL) that optimizes the neural network weights and architectures. SAL searches for the best architecture in a finite set of neural network architectures with linear time over the number of patterns in the training set. SAL is the first learning algorithm to determine neural network architectures in polynomial time. This speedup is obtained by the use of quantum parallelism and a non-linear quantum operator.

International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 2014

In a paper on quantum neural networks, Zhou and Ding (Int. J. Theor. Phys. 46(12):3209-3215 ) proposed a new model of quantum perceptron denoted quantum M-P neural network and showed its functionality by an example. In this letter, we show that the proposed learning algorithm does not follow an unitary evolution and the proposed neuron can be efficiently simulated by a classical single layer neural network.

Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 2018

Quantum neural network is a useful tool which has seen more development over the years mainly after twentieth century. Like artificial neural network (ANN), a novel, useful and applicable concept has been proposed recently which is known as quantum neural network (QNN). QNN has been developed combining the basics of ANN with quantum computation paradigm which is superior than the traditional ANN. QNN is being used in computer games, function approximation, handling big data etc. Algorithms of QNN are also used in modelling social networks, associative memory devices, and automated control systems etc. Different models of QNN has been proposed by different researchers throughout the world but systematic study of these models have not been done till date. Moreover, application of QNN may also be seen in some of the related research papers. As such, this paper includes different models which have been developed and further the implement of the same in various applications. In order to understand the powerfulness of QNN, few results and reasons are incorporated to show that these new models are more useful and efficient than traditional ANN.

npj Quantum Information

We propose a quantum generalisation of a classical neural network. The classical neurons are firstly rendered reversible by adding ancillary bits. Then they are generalised to being quantum reversible, i.e., unitary (the classical networks we generalise are called feedforward, and have step-function activation functions). The quantum network can be trained efficiently using gradient descent on a cost function to perform quantum generalisations of classical tasks. We demonstrate numerically that it can: (i) compress quantum states onto a minimal number of qubits, creating a quantum autoencoder, and (ii) discover quantum communication protocols such as teleportation. Our general recipe is theoretical and implementation-independent. The quantum neuron module can naturally be implemented photonically.

ArXiv, 2015

Recently with the rapid development of technology, there are a lot of applications require to achieve low-cost learning in order to accomplish inexpensive computation. However the known computational power of classical artificial neural networks (CANN), they are not capable to provide low-cost learning due to many reasons such as linearity, complexity of architecture, etc. In contrast, quantum neural networks (QNN) may be representing a good computational alternate to CANN, based on the computational power of quantum bit (qubit) over the classical bit. In this paper, a new algorithm of quantum perceptron neural network based only on one neuron is introduced to overcome some limitations of the classical perceptron neural networks. The proposed algorithm is capable to construct its own set of activation operators that enough to accomplish the learning process in a limited number of iterations and, consequently, reduces the cost of computation. For evaluation purpose, we utilize the pr...

In the neural network theory content-addressable memories are defined by patterns that are attractors of the dynamical rule of the system. This paper develops a quantum neural network starting from a classical neural network Hamiltonian and using a Schr'Odinger-like equation. It then shows that such a system exhibits probabilistic memory storage characteristics analogous to those of the dynamical attractors of classical systems.

“Quing: International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering, 2023

In recent years, quantum computing has emerged as a potentially gamechanging technology, with applications across various disciplines, including AI and machine learning. In recent years, the combination of quantum computing and neural networks has led to the development of quantum neural networks (QNNs). This paper explores the potential of QNNs and their applications in solving complex problems that are challenging for classical neural networks. This paper explores the fundamental principles of quantum computing, the architecture of QNNs, and their advantages over classical neural networks. Furthermore, this will highlight key research areas and challenges in the development and utilization of QNNs. Through an in-depth analysis, it demonstrates the QNNs hold significant promise for addressing complex computational problems and advancing the field of artificial intelligence.

1997

Quantum computation uses microscopic quantum level effects to perform computational tasks and has produced results that in some cases are exponentially faster than their classical counterparts. Choosing the best weights for a neural network is a time consuming problem that makes the harnessing of this "quantum parallelism" appealing. This paper briefly covers necessary high-level quantum theory and introduces a model for a quantum neuron.

Communications in Computer and Information Science

In this paper, we present a gradient-free approach for training multi-layered neural networks based upon quantum perceptrons. Here, we depart from the classical perceptron and the elemental operations on quantum bits, i.e. qubits, so as to formulate the problem in terms of quantum perceptrons. We then make use of measurable operators to define the states of the network in a manner consistent with a Markov process. This yields a DiracVon Neumann formulation consistent with quantum mechanics. Moreover, the formulation presented here has the advantage of having a computational efficiency devoid of the number of layers in the network. This, paired with the natural efficiency of quantum computing, can imply a significant improvement in efficiency, particularly for deep networks. Finally, but not least, the developments here are quite general in nature since the approach presented here can also be used for quantum-inspired neural networks implemented on conventional computers.

Recently with the rapid development of technology, there are a lot of applications require to achieve learning with low-cost in order to accomplish inexpensive computation. However the known computational power of classical artificial neural networks (CANN), they are not capable to provide low-cost learning due to many reasons such as linearity, complexity of architecture, etc. In contrast, quantum neural networks (QNN), or neural networks inspired quantum computing, may be representing a good computational alternate to CANN, based on the computational power of quantum bit (qubit) over the classical bit. In this paper, a new algorithm of perceptron neural network inspired quantum computing based only on one neuron is introduced to overcome some limitations of the classical perceptron neural networks. The proposed algorithm is capable to construct its own set of activation operators that enough to accomplish the learning process after only one iteration autonomously and, consequently, reduces the cost of computation. For evaluation purpose, we utilize the proposed algorithm to solve five different problems using real and artificial data. It is shown throughout the paper that promising results are provided and compared favorably with other reported algorithms. keyword: Artificial neural networks and Quantum computing and Quantum neural networks

Information Sciences

It is shown by classical simulation and experimentation that quantum artificial neural networks (QUANNs) are more efficient and in some cases more powerful than classical artificial neural networks (CLANNs) for a variety of experimental tasks. This effect is particularly noticeable with larger and more complex domains. The gain in efficiency is achieved with no generalisation loss in most cases. QUANNs are also more powerful than CLANNs, again for some of the tasks examined, in terms of what the network can learn. What is more, it appears that not all components of a QUANN architecture need to to be quantum for these advantages to surface. It is demonstrated that a fully quantum neural network has no advantage over a partly quantum network and may in fact produce worse results. Overall, this work provides a first insight into the expected behaviour of individual components of QUANNs, if and when quantum hardware is ever built, and raises questions about the interface between quantum...

2021

Quantum machine learning emerges from the symbiosis of quantum mechanics and machine learning. In particular, the latter gets displayed in quantum sciences as: (i) the use of classical machine learning as a tool applied to quantum physics problems, (ii) or the use of quantum resources such as superposition, entanglement, or quantum optimization protocols to enhance the performance of classification and regression tasks compare to their classical counterparts. This paper reviews examples in these two scenarios. On the one hand, the application of classical neural network to design a new quantum sensing protocol. On the other hand, the design of a quantum neural network based on the dynamics of a quantum perceptron optimized with the aid of shortcuts to adiabaticity gives rise to a short operation time and robust performance. These examples demonstrate the mutual reinforcement of both neural networks and quantum physics.