Impacts socio-culturels de l'implantation de la mine d'or de Morila

2021

Social mining is considered a historical option for local development, facing the dominant modality of commercial mining of interest to large international and national companies, which has recently dispossessed the original owners of millions of ha. Social mining is a small and medium scale type of mining where ejidos and agrarian communities participate, devoted primarily to the exploitation and valuation of non-metallic minerals, contemplated as an option and opportunity for economic, organizational and social development. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were used to identify the processes and organizational situation of the community, and to gather data about production, costs and income from marble sales. It was found that the agrarian community has generated its own organizational structure and normative modalities that regulate access to the resource; the characteristics of producers’ organizations determine the ability of a relational system for trade, obtainin...

Mining is one of the activities that affect the environment intensely, changing the location and environment where waste deposits are discarded. Being one of the basic sectors of the Brazilian economy, mining has contributed to the economic development, since operated with environmental responsibility, based on the precepts of sustainable development. The present study aims to demonstrate the socioenvironmental impacts and conflicts caused by mining activities in the rural community of Paredão, located in the north of the State of Bahia, as well as to discuss the ineffectiveness of Brazilian legislation through illegal mining without licensing. It is a qualitative, descriptive, observatory, bibliographical and participatory research based essentially on the Geosystemic Theory (Sotchava, 1977), the Ecodynamic Method (Tricart, 1977) and the GTP Theory (Bertrand, Bertrand, 2007). Discourse and Content Analysis of Bardin (2009). The results indicate that the area is totally degraded, directly impacting "the Caatingas" in loco, being with the soil and the subsoil deteriorated, completely naked, eroded and frail.

2014

This paper problematizes the role of informal mining in the environmental de-pletion of Madre de Dios through the analysis of the institutional dynamics that shape the miners actions. It answers the question of how the State's be-haviour influences the causal relationship between small-scale and artisanal mining and environmental depletion. By using an analytical framework built from the theoretical debates about the structural approach of informal econo-my and natural resource-led development, three concepts such as institutional change, informalization and conflicts are identified to interpret the dynamics that led to the deforestation and loss of biodiversity in the region. Under these analytical considerations, qualitative research techniques were employed in or-der to find the connectivity among the three concepts within the public sec-tor's actions. Thereby, the findings of the research conclude that there is a his-torical causal relationship between the role of the St...

The aim of the current article is to investigate how labor relationships have developed along with technical changes taking place in wildcat gold mining camps (‘garimpos’) in Tapajós River’s channel, from the perspective of people who have worked in them, from the 1950s to the 80s. Secondly, the article is also an analysis on how social organization, morality-production practices and wildcat gold miners’ perceptions about using natural resources collided to the new environmental paradigms observed from the 1970s, on. The analysis method gathers the collective memory of former gold miners and theoretical studies about the political contexts, legal frameworks and issues linked to both artisanal and small-scale mining. It is possible observing the economic front of mining as injunction condition, despite its economic relevance for cities and communities in the region. Given its high capacity to absorb manpower, the mining economy is based on informality and illegality conditions, and its production methods have great potential to degrade the environment. Products used in mining procedures and their waste significantly harm the aquatic ecosystem in Tapajós basin and threaten food security of both traditional communities and mining-zone neighboring settlements. Despite the standards set for this mineral exploration modality, the State has been incapable of effectively controlling and regulating small-scale mining in the country; still, there is a long way between prescription and practice in Tapajós’ mining.

Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 2017

The focus of this paper is on a marginal society in Bojonegoro Regency, East Java Province. It is a remote area in the middle of a teak forest, far away from the centre of economy and governance, it's that makes the society find some difficulties to overcome their economic problems. There are some oil wells owned by NV BPM Company which had stopped its legal operations. Then, the society conducts illegal traditional oil mining. The purposes of this study are: (1) to study the reason of the society in making the artisanal oil mining as their livelihood, (2) to study the economic implication from their mining activities. The results showed that in a tough life to fulfil their needs, there is a creative idea from the society in seeing and understanding their infertile environment. In an environment that looks unable to provide a chance to the society for getting a livelihood, there are some people find a niche in the form of old oil wells. The society is able to find an environment niche to resolve their poverty problems. The economic implication is in the form of chance or entrance for the society to work in Artisanal Oil Mining (AOM) field.

2022

Mining in Ecuadorian territory comprises three stages of Ecuadorian history: pre-Columbian, colonial, and republican times. In its beginnings, this activity did not have regulations or a legal foundation. The first Mining Law dates back to 1830, and it has been modified until the most recent update in 2009. The Andean region consists of 10 provinces, 9 of which have registered gold concessions, the most important of which are Loja, Azuay, and in recent years, Imbabura and Pichincha, which are the provinces with the highest number of reported concessions. The objective of this study focused on analyzing the historical and current situation of Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASGM) and the emergence of large-scale (industrial) mining. For the elaboration of this study, different methodological techniques were used, such as literature review, field interviews, and expert judgment validation. The main findings show that the provinces of Loja, Azuay, Imbabura, and Pichincha are the most conflictive areas in the region due to the impacts caused by mining activities. In socio-economic terms, there are conflicts between inhabitants in favor and against these activities and problems associated with human health. In environmental terms, the findings suggest historical contamination of water sources by heavy metals, which has altered the surrounding aquatic and terrestrial systems. Finally, the study concludes that implementing public policies should be promoted to balance socio-economic and environmental aspects in gold mining activities in the Andean region of Ecuador, strengthening the use of new technologies and education to raise awareness of the serious effects of mining activities.

Ambiente & Sociedade, 2014

Currently, artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM), known in the Brazilian Amazon as “garimpagem”, generates direct income for approximately 35,000 gold miners in the Tapajos region. Most of the gold mining sites are located in the Par´a cities of Itaituba, Jacareacanga and Novo Progresso, operating various technical and organizational structures that require distinct levels of capital and technological investments, constituting a complex commercial supply chain of services, inputs and equipment on a regional national and international scale based on the commercialization of gold, which in most cases is negotiated under informal and illegal conditions. The main objective of this ethnographic research is to analyze the predominant model of mining production used in the region in consolidation with the use of backhoe technology in the production process, focusing on the relations and working conditions of small miners. The results of this research are to understand and describe how the productive structures that currently exploit gold in the Tapajos region are organized under what conditions the small miners extract the ore from the Amazonian soil.

2023

This research examines the Loss of Agricultural Traditions: A Study of the Social Impact of Mining on Mine-Round Communities by appointing PT. IWIP as a case study. This appointment is based on the reason that PT. IWIP is the first integrated industrial estate management company in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative research conducted in Weda Tengah District, Central Halmahera Regency, North Maluku Province. The purpose of this study is to explain the Loss of Agricultural Traditions: A Study of the Social Impact of Mining on Mine-Round Communities. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with an ethnographic approach. Data collection was carried out through document studies (literature review), observation (observation), and in-depth interviews. Research informants are people who live in the mining area which are determined by purposive sampling based on their knowledge and experience related to the research topic. The results of the study show that the presence of mining companies has a broad impact on people's lives. One of these impacts can be found in social and cultural aspects. Based on their nature, these impacts are positive and negative. If viewed from the perspective of social change, the various descriptions above show that the community in the mining area has experienced changes, whether consciously or not. This social change that occurred at the same time also penetrated the joints of the culture of society that was oriented towards agriculture.