National Security Strategy of Iran and North Korea

Journal of Contemporary International Relations and Diplomacy

North Korea became a nuclear weapon state in 2006 and has vehemently pursued and advanced its nuclear weapons program against the desires of the international community with claims that its policy on nuclear deterrence is to deter enemy states from attacking. Hence, the issue has been a source of debate in recent years. The study therefore conducted an analysis of North Korea’s foreign policy on nuclear deterrence using the nation state level of foreign policy analysis to better understand the foreign policy decision. The study found that states peculiarities such as the type of government, bureaucracy, military capacity, identity and ideology, national interest, location and national resources, population, public opinion, and economic capacity among others, can influence a state’s foreign policy decision-making. The study concludes that despite the authoritarian leadership in North Korea, all these other elements and characteristics within the state actively shape North Korea’s for...

National security is of paramount importance for North Korea due to the continuous hostilities between North and South Korea and the external threats posed by other nations. The military tension between North and South Korea has increased significantly with the launch of North Korea’s third nuclear test in February 2013. North Korea has attempted to justify and legitimize its nuclearization process as a self-defense mechanism which is essential for national security. Even though national security is defined at three different levels: individual, the state, and the international system, in North Korea, individual level gains priority over the others since the regime maintenance of the Kims is considered to be a critical factor in the nation’s survival. North Korean aspiration for reunification, considered to be achievable partially by reducing U.S. influence on the Korean Peninsula, and its commitment to perpetuating the Kim family regime has remained unchanged since the nation’s founding in 1948. But, the strategies to achieve the same have evolved significantly which has resulted in its nuclearization process posing a security challenge for the United States and its allies. The objective of the study was to identify and assess different types of risks caused by North Korea’s national security strategy which will have an impact on the development of North Korea. Secondary data was used to identify the various risks. These risks were assessed using a risk assessment matrix. It was revealed that certain strategic measures such as the high resource allocation for defense activities are extremely high risks posing an adverse threat to the economic growth of North Korea. Several other high, moderate and low risks were also identified. Based on the findings of the risk identification and assessment process, it is evident that North Korea’s national goal of building a “Strong and Prosperous State” has become a challenge. Key words: National security, nuclearization process, development, strategy, risk

Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 1996

This paper examines the extent to which the domestic and external policies of the two Koreas can be described in terms of "national strategy." Though "national strategy" remains a problematic construct for a variety of theoretical and practical reasons, this study attempts to deploy it to describe the evolving economic, military, and security policies of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea from the partition of the Korean peninsula in 1945 to the present. The paper proceeds through four sections. The first introduces and frames the problem. The second section examines, and attempts to describe, the "national strategy" of the DPRK. The third section does the same for the ROK's post-partition "national strategies." The final section reviews and assesses some of the findings, and speculates about the challenges that may face national strategy in North and South Korea in the years ahead.

2021

The nuclear crisis of Democratic People's Republic of Korea is difficult to be settle down in a peaceful way due to the negative effects of nuclear proliferation, unacceptable not only for the Northeast Asia but also for the international community. South Korea, United States of America, China, Japan, and Russia have clear different point of views on the resolution of North Korea’s nuclear matter. The expansion of nuclear weapons is directly becoming a high security risk in Northeast Asian region. Each state has different strategy how to tackle this issue and best policies that may cause change on Korean Peninsula. So, this research study gives the result that nuclear crisis of North Korea cannot be decided immediately under the mistrust and reservations. It will take a long duration, to overcome these deep-rooted reservations through talks, constancy and understanding. This study also highlights the strategies of South Korea (ROK), Japan, United States of America (USA) and China towards the crisis of North Korea’s nuclear weapons development program.

Pacific Focus, 2000

Scientific Bulletin, 2018

During last year North Korea has made almost daily headline. Topics such as the strongest nuclear test, tests of missiles from medium range ballistic missiles (MRBM) to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), readiness to retaliate to any possible U.S. attack, appeared frequently. In addition, the reaction of U.S. president D. Trump about American readiness to solve the issue, sending armada or reacting with fire and fury, were also covered by media all around the world. With these developments a possibility of nuclear war was discussed for the first time since the end of Cold War. This article aims to look closer to the reasons of North Korean behaviour, not only in last few years but within the contest of the concept of strategic culture. This concept has been used to explain behaviour of powers mainly, but the article aims to prove it is a viable tool to explain the motives and perceptions of any state in international system. The article aspires to conclude that the North Ko...

Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development, 2022

This paper examines the extent to which deterrence has motivated the acquisition of nuclear armament by North Korea and Pakistan. Nation-states involve in the acquisition of nuclear weapons to deter other nation-states with the notion that a nuclear attack by one would receive an overwhelming nuclear counterattack such that both the defender and attacker would be annihilated. This scenario has created a security dilemma and nation-states are grasping with fears. Both North Korea and Pakistan were involved in the acquisition of nuclear weapons because of adversaries that have constituted major threats based on ideological and religious differences. The paper adopted the neo-realism theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. The paper relied on a qualitative method of data gathering technique. It unravels that both North Korea and Pakistan's adversaries have motivated them to acquire more nuclear weapons. Therefore, the paper concludes that North Korea and Pakistan could enjoy peaceful coexistence with neigbhours if they have enough deterrence.

This paper aims to set out a framework for the analysis of national security strategies. This will be achieved in three steps. First of all, I will define what national security means. In so doing, I will go through the definitions and redefinitions of the concept of national security has provided by scholars so far. I will identify the pros and cons of the “narrow” and the “wider” agenda of national security. Then, I will seek to compromise both approaches into a new definition of national security. Secondly, I will analyze the threats that can put at stake national security. I will proceed by dividing national security into conceptual spheres of security. This reduction will help us to analyze threats in three specific sub-security sectors: the politico-military security, the economic security and the energy security. Subsequently, I will reassemble the sectors in order to recompose the unity of national security. Thus, I will underline how this process points out areas of inter-sectoral connections between sectors. Finally, I will identify what are the variables that generate different security strategies. In this regards, I will focus on two set of variables: external and internal to the state. The former concerns the “system” in which the state acts, while the latter, instead, is about a state’s domestic qualities, such as socio-political strength and strategic culture. The different combination of this set of variables will explain why different states adopt different security strategies.

The Long Shadow, 2008

National Security Strategy: A Toolkit for Assessing State Preparedness to Combat Global Security Threats That Endanger National Security in the 21st Century, 2024

With reliance on qualitative secondary research, emphasizing content or textual analysis, this article introduced national security strategy as a toolkit for assessing state preparedness to combat global security threats that endanger national security in the 21st century. Through the lenses of the social contract theory, realist theory, and alliance theory, this paper viewed state preparedness as a legal and moral obligation of the state. It argues that the national security strategy is the viable and available starting point to assess states' preparedness to counter global security threats posing a danger to national security in the 21st century. Conclusively, the paper opined that the national security strategy merely demonstrates the expressed commitment of states' preparedness. The implementation of the strategy will prove or disprove the preparedness of the state's expressed commitment.