INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN CONTEMPORÁNEA EN VENEZUELA

2016

Mimeo, 2009

1

Regional and Sectoral Economic Studies, 2018

El presente articulo analiza el desenvolvimiento de la industria automotriz venezolana durante los gobiernos de Chavez y Maduro. Esta industria expresa, en forma clasica en America del Sur, la radicacion de fragmentos de capitales normales que obtienen una rentabilidad extraordinaria aunque operan en la region con una productividad por debajo a la de sus paises de origen. En este contexto, la automotriz venezolana se coloca como una de las de peor productividad en el mundo. Considerando estas condiciones analizaremos las causas historicas de su crisis actual y mostraremos los limites del intento de relanzar la produccion por la via de la baja salarial. This article analyzes the development of the Venezuelan automotive industry during the recent period. This industry expresses, in a classic way in South America, the establishment of fragments of capitals that, although in their countries of origin operate high productivity, in the region they do so below it. In this context, the Vene...

The World Bank, Governance and Successful …, 1994

for their criticism of preliminary drafts of this paper. This paper has been cleared for inclusion in the occasional paper series by R. Shyam Khemani, Manager, Competition & Strategy. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the World Bank. This paper forms part of a forthcoming volume, Leila Frischtak and Izak Atiyas (eds.), "Governance, Leadership and Communication: Building Constituencies for Economic Reform." The World Bank Private Sector Development Department * Enzergy sector. Apart from planned privatizations, CADAFE, the largest public electric company, started a restructuring process, and electricity rates were raised

International Organization, 1982

Development policy is analyzed by liberal models in terms of bargaining transactions between interest-maximizing actors and by the dependency perspective in terms of the internalized requirements of worldwide capital accumulation. Both approaches assume the working of capitalist rationality in dependent nations. In contrast, a focus on productive relations, class alliances, and political coalitions reveals the constraints on developmental policies in nations built around the partial development of capitalist productive forces and occupying a subordinate role in the international division of labor. Analysis of the Venezuelan auto policy during the Pérez administration (1974–79) shows the relations constituting socially defined actors and the structures underlying the policy bargaining process. It posits that in Venezuela there is a growing disjuncture between the internationally conditioned requirements of capital accumulation and the locally based demands of social reproduction; tha...

Latin American Perspectives, 2017

The current crisis in Venezuela is sometimes said to have been provoked by the response of imperialism and the local oligarchy to the fundamental changes in economic and political relations fostered during the administrations of Hugo Chávez. A quantitative study using various statistical sources shows that the significant increase in oil rent during the Chávez presidency did not translate into a qualitative transformation in the form of state intervention and that, although social expenditures increased in that period, most of the income that allowed this was obtained through currency overvaluation by inefficient national and foreign capital. The current crisis is, therefore, evidence of the limits of low-productivity state and private capital reproduction due to the decline in oil prices rather than of a conflict between overcoming and reproducing capitalism in an alleged " economic war. " A veces se dice que la crisis actual en Venezuela ha sido provocada por la respuesta del imperialismo y la oligarquía local a los cambios profundos en las relaciones económi-cas y políticas promovidos durante la administración de Hugo Chávez. Un estudio cuantitativo en el que se usaron diferentes fuentes estadísticas demuestra que el aumento significativo en la renta del petróleo durante la presidencia de Chávez no se tradujo en una transformación cualitativa de la intervención estatal y que, aunque los gastos soci-ales aumentaron en ese período, la mayor parte del ingreso que permitió ese aumento se obtuvo por medio de la sobrevaluación de la moneda por parte del ineficiente capital nacional y extranjero. Por lo tanto, la crisis actual es evidencia de los límites de la baja productividad de la reproducción estatal y privada debido a la caída en el precio del petróleo y no un conflicto entre la eliminación y la reproducción del capitalismo en una supuesta " guerra económica. " From the start, the Venezuelan government of Nicolás Maduro faced an acute economic crisis. The shortage of basic goods, inflation, and the widening of the gap between the official and the parallel exchange rate are some of the most prominent issues that marked the Venezuelan situation in late 2015. The economic crisis directly challenged the workers' political agenda.

Latin American Research Review

Redes

O objetivo deste estudo é criar um padrão olhando para o contexto histórico do movimento migratório na Venezuela e revelar que a diáspora venezuelana é um movimento social que ocorre com fatores push, com base na teoria push and pull. Nesse contexto, concentrou-se no contexto econômico e político do movimento migratório venezuelano e, analisando a história da economia política, determinou-se que o movimento migratório ocorreu em três ondas diferentes. Ao analisar os fatores de impulso, acompanhou-se o desenvolvimento do fenômeno migratório na Venezuela e traçou-se um quadro com os contextos sociológicos dos países-alvo. O principal argumento do artigo é a afirmação de que o atual movimento migratório venezuelano ocorreu com fatores de impulso, considerando as condições econômicas e políticas, enquanto as duas primeiras ondas migratórias foram dependentes dos fatores de atração.

WorkingUSA, 2009

2012

An inform published by ECLAC in 2003 (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) under the title: El Desarrollo económico de America Latina en épocas de globalización-Una agenda de investigación, called on the Institution to design and implement a new research agenda directed toward the reconstruction of long economic series to better understand the past performance of Latin America economy as a whole to make a correct analysis of the present day challenges. Therefore going beyond and complementing the short-term concern with development with a longer view on economic progress. The mentioned paper remember us that it was Raul Prebish who even before Simon Kuznets, made an effort to measured economic progress on the basis of an homogenous and standardized method that he used for Mexico, Brazil , Argentina and Chile. The aim of this paper is to fulfill this gap for Venezuela, profiting from the fact that we are in the middle of the year of the Bicentennial Independence Commemorations. For that purpose we have built a GDP and population historical series starting in 1783 and ending in 2009, employing for the colonial period a statistical method that regresses foreign commerce on the relation between the national product and exports-imports for the period between 1830-1870, before the impact created by the new economic policies implemented by the Autocratic Government of Guzman Blanco with its emphasis on progress. For the series 1830-1949 we employed an expenditure approach to reconstruct the product of Venezuela by using as departing point a dynamic consumer basket to get household/ personal consumption, then adding up government expenditures, net exports and private investment. We link the series from 1783 to 1949 with the Central Bank of Venezuela macroeconomic information for the interval 1950-2009, thus obtaining the GDP and real income series from the late colonial era to the Bolivarian revolution. That is a long economic series of 226 years.