Suicide and lifting Issues in prevention and postvention

Journal of the National Medical Association, 2011

Suicide is the act of a human being intentionally causing his or her own death. More than 1 million people commit suicide every year. It is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide, with China, India, and Japan accounting for almost half of all suicides. In less than 50 years, the rate of suicide among Sri Lankans has risen from a modest level to one of the highest in the world (118 per 100,000). Suicide is a major preventable cause of premature death. It is influenced by psychosocial, cultural, and environmental risk factors. The impact of suicide can be devastating for all concerned. It is common in people who are living with chronic mental illness. Individuals with severe clinical depression and alcohol use disorders are at highest risk if untreated. On an interpersonal level, friends and families of suicide victims require social support. On a national level, governments need to recognize the causes of suicide and protect those most vulnerable. If governments commit to defining...

Medicinski pregled, 2016

Introduction. Suicide remains a significant public health problem worldwide. This study is aimed at analyzing and presenting contemporary methods in suicide prevention in the world as well as at identifying specific risk groups and risk factors in order to explain their importance in suicide prevention. Material and Methods. The literature search covered electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. In order to select the relevant articles, the authors searched for the combination of key-words which included the following medical subject heading terms (suicide or suicide ideation or attempted) and (prevention or risk factors) and (man or elders or mental disorders). Data analysis covered meta-analyses, systematic reviews and original scientific papers with different characteristics of suicide preventions, risk factors and risk groups. Results. Worldwide evidence-based interventions for suicide prevention are divided in universal, selective and indicated interventions. Rest...

MedNEXT Journal of Medical and Health Sciences

Frontiers in psychology, 2017

The juxtaposition of increasing suicide rates with continued calls for suicide prevention efforts begs for new approaches. Grounded in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) framework for tackling health issues, this personal views work integrates relevant suicide risk/protective factor, assessment, and intervention/prevention literatures. Based on these components of suicide risk, we articulate a Social-Ecological Suicide Prevention Model (SESPM) which provides an integration of general and population-specific risk and protective factors. We also use this multi-level perspective to provide a structured approach to understanding current theories and intervention/prevention efforts concerning suicide. Following similar multi-level prevention efforts in interpersonal violence and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) domains, we offer recommendations for social-ecologically informed suicide prevention theory, training, research, assessment, and intervention programming. Alt...

2017

The experts above are listed with their affiliations at the time this document was reviewed.

Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, 2025

Mental health represents a critical public health challenge, with rising suicide rates demanding innovative intervention strategies. The research synthesizes evidence from multiple domains, demonstrating that physical therapy offers more than traditional rehabilitation and provides a sophisticated, personalized intervention addressing psychological and physiological needs. Key findings highlight the potential of exercise to trigger neurogenesis, regulate neurotransmitters, and promote emotional resilience. Technological innovations, including digital mental health interventions and internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, further enhance the potential for comprehensive mental health support.

2019

As, German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche said "the thought of suicide is a great consolation by means of it one gets through many a dark night", Suicide is the same going in the current scenario. Today, this epidemic cause of death of ending ones own life to get rid of society one own duties and hence makes a coward a press material. The thought of suicide is more killing than doing suicide itself, as a person dies more than hundred times thinking about it. Today's youth or the upcoming generation, where the so called modern lifestyle prevail has stopped thinking and doing work in a psychological manner of living it life more beautifully, instead choose the way of ending ones own life. It never matters to someone or the society how you were living or you die but when one attempts suicide then have to face the cruel society with hatredness and grief. Yes, but who forced one to take a bold step like this, or it was the only fault of the victim who faced it. A number of...

Frontiers in Psychology

Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2004

Approximately 400 people die in Ireland each year as a result of suicide. Males account for 80% of cases and 40% of these are aged 30 years and under. In fact, suicide is now the leading cause of death for Irish men aged 15 to 34 years. 1 The aetiology of suicidal behaviour is complex and multifactorial, being associated with factors such as psychiatric illness (most notably depression), alcohol and substance use disorders, employment status, marital status and stressful life events. The importance of suicide as a public health problem in Ireland is highlighted by documents and initiatives such as Suicide in Ireland, A National Study,' the Report of National Task Force on Suicide 2 and the important work being undertaken by organisations such as The Irish Association of Suicidology 3 and Aware." The 'live' psychological autopsy A number of different research methodologies have been used to study risk factors for completed suicide 6. Assessing exposure to putative risk factors for completed suicide among suicide attempters allows interviews with living cases, but the methodology is flawed in that suicide attempters and suicide completers are very different, albeit overlapping, populations. The methodology of correlating average risk factor exposure prevalence among certain populations with the suicide rates in those populations is liable to lead to erroneous conclusions, as causality cannot necessarily be inferred between the risk factors and the outcome. In the 'psychological autopsy', information on exposure to putative risk factors is gathered from relatives, friends and treating healthcare professionals of the deceased. However, this method is prone to recall biases, as informants are likely to try and provide 'explanations' for the victim's death. Following on from the above methodologies, a further strategy involves interviewing the survivors of nearly lethal suicide attempts, ie. people who clearly had every intention of killing themselves but survived because, for example, of heroic medical intervention. Among the general population of suicide attempters, the characteristics of this sub-population are most likely to resemble suicide completers, as evidenced by recent research. 6 Furthermore, it is possible to interview these people and gain detailed insights into the possible antecedents and reasons for their attempts, information that is taken to the grave

Mental Health and Social Work, 2019

Suicide is an urgent public health concern, and its prevention and reduction have been declared matters of national priority in several countries. Suicide is devastating both for its loss of life and for its wider impacts on families and communities. This chapter provides an overview of the implications for the social work role within this global crisis. Due to their day-today proximity to people at increased risk of suicide and those impacted by suicide, social workers are

Archives of Medical and Biomedical Research, 2016

The risk factors of suicide which occur in people of all genders, ages and ethnicities, although complex to fully understand, share certain characteristics that include depression (other mental disorders, psychosis or substance abuse disorder), a prior suicide attempt, family history of a mental disorder or substance abuse, family history of suicide, family violence (including physical or sexual abuse), having guns or other firearms in the home, incarceration and exposure to others' suicidal behavior (such as that of family members, peers, or media figures). Research suggests that people who attempt suicide differ from others in many aspects of how they think, react to events, and make decisions. This paper reviews the global trends on suicide and the prevention of suicide according to program evaluation, risk and protective factors, type of intervention, level of intervention and the interface between clinical and public health levels. The major interventions for the prevention of suicide are reasonable care and treatment of mental and addictive disorders, restricted access to lethal means of suicide such as firearms, pesticides, etc., improvement of media portrayal of suicide, school-based programs, availability of hotlines and crisis centers, and training of primary health care personnel.

2018

3.3 English local government 3.4 Oversight and implementation in the devolved nations Scotland Wales Northern Ireland 4. Health services 4.1 Reducing suicide rates 4.2 Local suicide prevention plans 4.3 Support for high-risk groups Primary care Specialist services and support Information sharing Perinatal suicide prevention 4.4 Devolved nations Scotland Wales Northern Ireland 5. Education 5.1 Schools Suicide Prevention in England Third progress report of the Suicide Prevention Strategy Safeguarding in schools Identifying mental health issues Initiatives to improve mental health in schools 3 Commons Library Briefing, 10 September 2018 Mental health education on the curriculum Concerns over mental health provision in schools Bullying and mental health 5.2 Further and Higher Education Guidance for universities on preventing student suicide Guidance on supporting student mental health Mental health charter IPPR report on student mental health in universities Association of Colleges mental health survey Mental Health Green Paper 5.3 Devolved nations Scotland Wales Northern Ireland 6. Employment 6.1 Suicide rates by occupation 6.2 Employment policy and mental illness 7. Social Security 7.1 Benefit claimants and mental health 7.2 Training and guidance for DWP staff 7.3 ESA and PIP assessments ESA and "substantial risk" Assessment procedures Work and Pensions Committee inquiry Reassessing ESA and PIP claimants 7.4 Conditionality and sanctions 7.5 Universal Credit 7.6 Devolved nations Northern Ireland Scotland 8. Railways 8.1 British Transport Police suicide prevention 8.2 Rail suicide prevention partnership 8.3 UK Government support 9. Prisons 9.1 Statistics 9.2 Prison service policy 9.3 Health services in prison, including mental health and substance misuse services 9.4 Commentary The Prisons and Probation Ombudsman 9.5 Prison suicide prevention policy Mental Health in prisons 9.6 Devolved nations 10. Media 10.1 Press 10.2 Broadcasting 10.3 Internet The impact of the internet and social media 10.4 Health Committee report on suicide prevention (March 2017) 10.5 Devolved nations 4 Suicide Prevention: Policy and Strategy 11. Armed forces 11.1 A new strategy 11.2 The numbers 11.3 Suicide among Veterans Post-operational suicide rates 11.4 Defence Committee inquiry 12. Coroners' conclusions 12.1 Statutory requirements 12.2 Conclusions 12.3 Chief Coroner guidance 12.4 Suicide conclusions: statistics ONS coding 12.5 The standard of proof for a conclusion of suicide Form 2 Previous case law New High Court decision 12.6 Previous calls for change Health Committee inquiry into suicide prevention

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2020

Twenty five years ago the 1995 World Health Report noted that suicide was the second leading cause of death for young people in most countries (second only to accidents), with rates rising more quickly than those of any other age group (World Health Organization, 1995). It was on this backdrop that the first issue of Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry (CCPP) was released. It included an appropriately timed paper aiming to increase treatment adherence and follow-up among adolescents presenting to the emergency room for a suicide attempt (Rotheram-Borus, Piacentini, Miller et al., 1996). To this end, the authors developed an intervention program for multidisciplinary staff in the emergency room with later publications showing promising results (Rotheram-Borus, Piacentini, Van Rossem et al., 1996; Rotheram-Borus et al., 2000). Other brief interventions offered in emergency rooms have since been developed, such as the Family Intervention for Suicide Prevention (Asarnow et al., 2009), Therapeutic Assessment (Ougrin et al., 2011), and the Safety Planning Intervention (Stanley et al., 2018). Today, 25 years after the first issue of CCPP, suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people between the ages of 15 and 19 (World Health Organization, 2019), with rates decreasing throughout the world among all age groups (Naghavi & Global Burden of Disease Self-Harm Collaborators, 2019). Public health initiatives to reduce access to common means for suicide, such as toxic pesticides, have played a significant role in decreasing suicide rates in many areas of the world (Mew et al., 2017). However, suicide remains the second leading cause of death among 10to 19-year-olds in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018) where the number of visits to the emergency department for suicidal thoughts and attempts among children and adolescents doubled between 2007 and 2015 (Burnstein et al., 2019). Furthermore, global research on risk factors predicting suicidal behaviors has led to examining the same risk factors for 50 years without improving our ability to predict and prevent suicide (Franklin et al., 2017). This might seem to suggest that the answer to the question, "How much has changed?" regarding the past 25 years of suicide research and prevention would be a defeated response of "not much." Beyond the research-supported use of public health interventions restricting access to lethal means to reduce risk for suicide, I believe there are several positive changes in more recent years that offer reason for optimism. First, converging evidence suggests that the development of suicide ideation and the progression from suicide ideation to attempt occur across distinct pathways. That is, they are separate processes with separate explanations and predictors (Klonsky et al., 2018).

International Journal of Health Services, 1979

Where the genesis of “disease” owes much to causes that are social and economic in nature, epidemiology holds unrealized potential as a tool of social criticism. A particularly interesting example is provided by suicide and suicide research. Methodological difficulties are explored in detail, major findings reviewed, and the dominant interpretations of such findings criticized. Research has consistently pointed to the risks of marginal or minority status, unemployment, weak community supports, situational crises, and the pressures people are subjected to during periods of economic depression. It is argued that the sociostructural implications of such research have been systematically ignored, attention being devoted instead to more efficient management of the suicidal individual—this in spite of the lack of success of suicide prevention centers. Initial steps toward an alternative framework are outlined, with emphasis laid on the need to disaggregate the suicide act. It is further s...