Revista Anfora, 2017.24(42), 19-43

ÁNFORA

Objective: to establish the impact of family remittances from the United States and the "Prospera" welfare program for the high school student population in a community with high social exclusion and poverty in Sinaloa.Methodology: first, the population, economic and work activities in the community of Choix, Sinaloa were described. Then, the discussion on remittances and the beneficiary families of the Prospera program were characterized; finally, a survey was designed and applied to 114 high school students and families from Choix.Results: the findings showed that remittances do not stop school dropouts from high school students in Choix. Although, some of those students use family remittances and the Prospera program help for their education. The social program Prospera works as an incentive to the students´ education. Family remittances are mainly used for family support.Conclusions: social assistance programs focused on poverty have been a visible trend. However, they...

2017

Objective: to establish the impact of family remittances from the United States and the "Prospera" welfare program for the high school student population in a community with high social exclusion and poverty in Sinaloa. Methodology: first, the population, economic and work activities in the community of Choix, Sinaloa were described. Then, the discussion on remittances and the beneficiary families of the Prospera program were characterized; finally, a survey was designed and applied to 114 high school students and families from Choix. Results: the findings showed that remittances do not stop school dropouts from high school students in Choix. Although, some of those students use family remittances and the Prospera program help for their education. The social program Prospera works as an incentive to the students´ education. Family remittances are mainly used for family support. Conclusions: social assistance programs focused on poverty have been a visible trend. However, t...

Several governments and International organizations have lately paid attention to remittances as a tool that could contribute to the reduction of poverty and the development of the countries of origin of International migration. In this article, from a critical point of view, we submit some concepts and facts that allow a better understanding of the real role of remittances in promoting such a development process. First of all, from a macroeconomic analysis, we elaborate a model of the relationship between remittances and development that allows to understand and to evaluate the impacts of household remittances depending on their character and modality, as also their significance and specific behaviour as an economic category. The base of this analytical model is quite simple: the impact of remittances directly depends of the way they are incorporated to the economic structure of each society. Secondly, starting from an econometric model, we identify the determinants of the macroeconomic behaviour of remittances. The results of this model show that the dynamics of remittances are not related to an investment or saving fund, but to a wage fund, that in this case adopts the form of an external household transference, and that contributes to solve the negative effects over household of the reiterative crisis and recessions of the Mexican economy.

This research compares remittance-receiving families in rural Mexico to non-remittance receiving households in terms of how the presence of this financial source relates to variation in parent educational aspirations for their children and youth enrollment and completion at the non-compulsory upper secondary schooling level. Using multivariate analysis of a comprehensive survey collected in a significant migrantsending state, no evidence is found of a remittance effect on the selected outcomes. Rather, other socio-demographic background factors-namely, maternal education levels and to a lesser extent household wealth-are the factors most associated with variation in these educational outcomes. Implications for migration and education public policy and suggestions for future research are discussed.

2018

This paper will examine the relationship between remittances and education attainment focusing on Dominican Republic in 2002. This study will focus on households in Dominican Republic using surveys from IPUMS international and the data is cross-sectional. Sending remittances increases the income for households, which in return, influences the spending on education. The study of remittances is analyzed in a more cultural and social value rather than entirely economic. The dynamic and structure of a family is crucial when studying the effects of remittances in a developing country. Key findings from this analysis is that the relationship between education attainment and remittances are positively related and it is statistically significant according to this model. This study examines the family structure as well as the economic and social structure of Dominican Republic to understand the relationship between remittances and education attainment.

Immigration from Nicaragua to the United States, to Costa Rica, to Spain, and other Central American countries is growing. Migrants are looking for economic and profesional opportunities, but does immigration results in better opportunities and standard of living for the younger generations staying behind? Are family remittances and information coming from abroad improving or hindering opportunities for students in Nicaragua? This field study focuses on adults and adolescents from migration zones in the municipalities of Chinandega and El Viejo, in the northwestern región of Nicaragua. The results do not support the migrants' assumptions that economic opportunities abroad are going to improve living conditions in the country, which in turn would lead to more educational and profesional (labor) opportunities for the family. On the contrary, the struggles the migrants face often cause the economic depletion of the communities of origen in the form of " inverse remittances " when the families use their material, social and emotional resources to ensure that the migrant stays abroad-families even send money abroad to help support the migrant. Additionally, a strong pattern of absent migrant mothers and fathers means that a generation of boys and girls are being raised by their grandmothers. These children when they become students experienced social and psychological difficulties that hinder their capacity to excel in school only to find very low employment rates after school completion. These results have important implications for public policy-making (or lack thereof) not only on migratory patterns but also on the future of the country and its younger generations.

Remittances are an important source of external funding. They have a positive impact, both at the microeconomic level, like for the welfare of the household, and at the macroeconomic level, like in the growth of the domestic economy. Remittances are current transfers in cash or in other forms or money received by resident households from non-resident households. The purpose of this paper is to discover the impact of remittances on the welfare of the household in the Prizren region. For this reason, an online questionnaire with 160 participants was conducted by selecting the non-random sampling method. According to the results obtained, remittances play an important role in the households of the Prizren region because most of these remittances are used for food consumption, education and clothing. At the end of hypothesis testing it is found that there is an important relationship between the residence and the frequency of receiving remittances, and people living in both, urban and rural areas receive remittance in different frequencies. However, no significant relationship has been found between the gender and frequency of receiving remittances. The research mainly has a descriptive nature of the effect of remittances on households.

International migration is a sociopolitical and economic prodigy. Pakistan, being the 10th in ranking in the world and 2nd in South Asia, is among the largest recipient of remittances. However, a significant research gaps exist between the remittances and its social impacts. This study has tried to analyze the impact of remittances sent by adult male children on the well-being of left-behind parents. Well-being of left-behind parents was operationalized through two indicators as financial security and healthcare facilities. For this purpose, quantitative research design was employed, and a survey was conducted in three cities, i.e., Gujrat, Jhelum, and Mirpur. The data was collected from 94 respondents chosen purposively on the basis of certain characteristics including demographic profile of the respondents and their male children who must be living abroad. The findings of the study revealed that parents were getting money from their sons regularly. Parents were getting financial assistance from their children for managing their household expenditures and visiting good hospitals and specialist doctors in case of illness. Lastly, the study concluded that the economic aspect of migration of male children has a significant impact on the health status of left-behind parents with the value of correlation (r) = 0.241 and level of significance as 0.019. The research study also gives some suggestions and provides future directions for research.