Creative clusters - new city spaces

Academia Letters, 2021

With the need of competing in a global city race, many countries are trying to come up with new theories in the domain of economic development. The focus is on harnessing the intangible capital i.e. tacit knowledge and skills, identify the clusters to have overall economic development. Not just in terms of economy, but in terms of social development, this approach has proven to be effective globally especially at the times of global recession. In the pursuit of sustainable growth and development of the country which is inclusive and equitable in nature at the base layers of the societies, the cultural aspect was promoted. This gave a rise to cluster planning and economic clusters. Literature over Economic Clusters suggests that different types of clusters incline to situate over different parts of the city (Zhenshan Yang, 2015). Spillover effect of clusters and industries can be seen on peri-urban areas of London. These clusters are scattered over the city and outside the city limits. For example, knowledge based clusters are formed adjacent to Universities, research centers, etc. Agro processing clusters emerge around agricultural lands away from city. The relation is shown as cluster being a link to spatial policy and economic policy. Delineation of such clusters needs dedicated analysis of landuse, transport networks, connectivity, economy and demography. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development reported that in May 2013 the world trade of creative goods and services totaled record of USD 624 billion in 2011 which was twice to the trade in 2002 (UN, 2013). Before that, the term 'Creative Economy' was already introduced by John Hawkins in 2001 stating 15 industries that contribute to economy through

2009

Attention to, and investigation of, the phenomenon of cultural and creative quarters is now widespread. From historic city centre and industrial heritage sites, alternative communities and settlements (Miles 2005) to institutional "shopping malls of culture" (Bogner 2001) and digital media and knowledge cities. No longer limited to developed old world cities and historic quarters, the perceived benefits of spatially defined cultural clusters is evident in small and medium sized towns, in fast developing countries and in city-states such as Singapore. Research and conceptual models include "scenes" (Lange 2005); economic models of agglomeration (Porter 2000) and consumption (retail, entertainment, tourism) 'destination' clusters; proxy indices of the "creative class" (Florida 2005), and the integration of planning of the creative city project (Landry 2000). These are discussed through the analysis of a survey of creative industry cluster strategies promoted by over 75 cities-regions worldwide, with examples of creative cluster developments and their underlying rationales.

Studia i Materiały Wydziału Zarządzania UW

Creative industries tend to concentrate around large and medium cities forming creative local production systems. The article will present literature review focused on the role of creative cities in such aspects as: knowledge centers, entrepreneurship, financing, capital markets, infrastructure, cluster policy, government, presence of international companies, networks, and quality of life. The mini case study of Cracow city will provide better understanding of the factors that determine the development of creative clusters.

2011

However, this paper tries to demonstrate that creativity can become a driving force for the development of small and medium-sized urban centres and even rural areas, alongside with studies that have been carried out in countries such as USA, Canada or the UK.

—Creative-Knowledge Cities have been adopted as tools for urban-regeneration by many post-modern cities. This paper, initially, outlines the concept of creativity as 'driver' for urban development; and underlines the components of a creative economy. Further, it discusses the tendency of creative industries to cluster; and how such creative clusters begin to shape the urban morphology to a large extent. The paper argues that cities of today need to adopt a knowledge-driven planning process, based on its creative-capital. Case studies of two creative economic hubs from Kolkata – Kumartuli and Boipara-have been discussed exemplifying the clustering tendencies.

Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning, 2022

This article examines changes along Phra Athit Road in Rattanakosin's historic center. With the support of the state, a former commercial street became a "cultural quarter" and eventually a "culturalcreative cluster," with creative activities infiltrating the neighborhoods. For this study, the researcher conducted a field survey and interviewed creative entrepreneurs in four sub-districts. The Phra Athit Road social and cultural resources reflect the qualities or potential resources of traditional neighbourhoods that have fostered the development of creative clusters. "Urban culture" is one of the district's key cultural resources that is properly understood and utilized, and its complex network of creative people is a crucial social resource. These creative people are "outsiders" with strong relationships to "insiders"; some of them advocate a new way of living, while others comprise groups of intellectuals with creative economy talents and tasks. Cultural-creative clusters comprise more than people; they are typified by cafés and bars, exhibition spaces, and the production of creative products. These clusters may vary from one another in function and location, and newer clusters, less dense than the original, are less harmful to traditional communities and businesses. What they have in common is that they have enabled participants to gain real-life experiences and join distinctive activities customized by entrepreneurs. Still, those who use external resources to create goods and develop a creative cluster may endanger the very neighbourhoods where they take root. The Phra Athit Road area provides a deep understanding of "creative clustering," which refers to a dynamic process that has taken place in some traditional neighbourhoods, based on the positive exploitation of their rich traditional, artistic, and cultural resources. Entrepreneurs are producing unique products that fit into complex systems, which is good for the area, but may also disrupt established patterns in the community. Transforming the historic area gradually could help locals adjust to the change. This study proposes the following approaches to promote both the protection of traditional structures and the acceptance of change: (1) The design or planning of the area should allow for development that is consistent with the rhythm of life in the area. Proper pacing of changes and the growth of well-sized creative clusters create an ecosystem that is good for both the residents and creative entrepreneurs. (2) The neighbourhood's values should be enhanced by integrating local and external resources. The wide range of creative production and consumption activities that are created from these resources will be unique and endlessly adaptable. (3) The adaptability of cultural-creative clusters should be optimized through programs provide good services and offer support to the urban regeneration. However, such programs and support should not limit the creativity and flexibility of these clusters.

Creative Industries Journal, 2012

This latest report from NESTA's commissioned research series on creative clusters deals with the geography of innovation as displayed by a spatial analysis of selected creative industries in England and Wales. The study builds on the 2009 NESTA report The Geography of Creativity by the same authors (2009). Attention to and claims for the positive effects of agglomeration within regional economies and the emergent creative industries, have featured increasingly in academic and policy reviews. This focus has informed and reflected regional and local economic development and investment strategies (and as the report notes, national government's latest Silicon Roundabout/Tech City initiative), and which has helped to maintain public sector intervention in what otherwise would appear to be a fragile, little understood collection of old and new

The article draws attention to the potential role of creative industries [and creativity-based business models] in building the new post-crisis economic landscape, and how this is promoting a re-view of local development strategies in most innovative cities. Few urban issues deal simultaneously so deeply with both space [physical dimension] and economy as creative industries.

The research reports, 2017

Creative industries tend to concentrate around large and medium cities forming creative local production systems. The article will present literature review focused on the role of creative cities in such aspects as: knowledge centers, entrepreneurship, financing, capital markets, infrastructure, cluster policy, government, presence of international companies, networks, and quality of life. The mini case study of Cracow city will provide better understanding of the factors that determine the development of creative clusters.

2016

This article studies creative clusters outside metropolitan areas in Spain. Both the notion of cluster and that of creative activity tend to be associated by mainstream research with urban settings; thus, situating them in an non metropolitan or rural localities has required us to adapt the usual methodology to the scale and idiosyncrasies of a rural setting. Based on this new focus, we have been able to identify 761 municipalities that could host creative clusters within an initial area of study of 7367 non-metropolitan municipalities with fewer than 50,000 inhabitants. This methodology also has allowed us to measure intensity, internal composition, and localization, so that those of a more mature or advanced character, having a greater level of specialization and diversity, predominate in places close to metropolitan areas and the Mediterranean axis, whereas in the inner Spain, they are found in a lower proportion and in a more scattered and discontinuous manner. Activities belong...