The Study on Eye Controlled Smart Wheelchair

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications

The inability to control the limbs is the main reason that affects the daily activities of the disabled which causes social restrictions and isolation. More studies were performed to help disabilities for easy communication with the outside world and others. Various techniques are designed to help the disabled in carrying out daily activities easily. Among these technologies is the Smart Wheelchair. This research aims to develop a smart eye-controlled wheelchair whose movement depends on eye movement tracking. The proposed Wheelchair is simple in design and easy to use with low cost compared with previous Wheelchairs. The eye movement was detected through a camera fixed on the chair. The user's gaze direction is obtained from the captured image after some processing and analysis. The order is sent to the Arduino Uno board which controls the wheelchair movement. The Wheelchair performance was checked using different volunteers and its accuracy reached 94.4% with a very short response time compared with the other existing chairs.

In this paper, we use the optical-type eye tracking system to control powered wheelchair. The userís eye movements are translated to screen position using the optical-type eye tracking system. The pupil-tracking goggles with a video CCD camera and a frame grabber analyzes a series of human pupil images when the user is gazing at the screen. A new calibration algorithm is then used to determine the direction of the eye gaze in real time. We design an interface with nine command zones to control powered wheelchair. The command at the calculated position of the gazed screen is then sent to move the powered wheelchair.

The Eye Directive wheelchair is a mobility-aided device for persons with moderate/severe physical disabilities or chronic diseases as well as for the elderly. There are various interfaces for wheelchair available in the market, still they remain under-utilized, the reason being the ability, power and mind presence required to operate them. The proposed model is a possible alternative. In this model, we use the optical-type eye tracking system to control powered wheel chair. User's eye movements are translated to screen position using the optical type eye tracking system, without any direct contact. When user looks at appropriate angle, then computer input system will send command to the software based on the angle of rotation of pupil i.e., when user moves his eyes balls left (move left), right (move right), straight (move forward) in all other cases wheel chair will stop. Also, obstacle detection sensors are connected to the arduino to provide necessary feedback for proper operation of the wheelchair and to ensure the user's safety. The motors attached to the wheelchair support differential steering which avoids clumsy motion. The wheelchair has also been provided with a joystick control to ensure safe movement in case of tired vision and with a safety stop button, which will enable the user to stop the wheelchair at his own ease.

2015

Statistics suggests that there are around 40 cases per million of quadriplegia every year. Great people like Stephen Hawking have been suffering from this phenomenon. Our project attempts to make lives of the people suffering from this phenomenon simple by helping them move around on their own and not being a burden on others. The idea is to create an Eye Controlled System which enables the movement of the patient’s wheelchair depending on the movements of eyeball. A person suffering from quadriplegia can move his eyes and partially tilt his head, thus giving is an opportunity for detecting these movements. There are various kinds of interfaces developed for powered wheelchair and also there are various new techniques invented but these are costly and not affordable to the poor and needy people. In this paper, we have proposed the simpler and cost effective method of developing wheelchair. We have created a system wherein a person sitting on this automated Wheel Chair with a camera ...

An electric wheelchair is an aid for disabled people who have lost the ability to move. A conventional wheelchair is manually driven which cannot be used by full body impaired people, so a model is needed which can be beneficial to them. There are various motor operated wheelchairs available but none of them are perfectly accurate. Inaccuracy of wheelchair can have disastrous results for the operator. So, a design is required to navigate wheelchair which has high accuracy. This paper deals with deriving a method to navigate the wheelchair with high accuracy by collaborating E.O.G. method and interfacing a camera in front of eye to get maximum accuracy and giving highest priority to the safety of user.

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2016

An electric-powered wheelchair is a wheelchair that is propelled by means of an electric motor rather than manual power. Motorized wheelchairs are useful for those unable to propel a manual wheelchair. This wheelchair is used for patients with severe disabilities or life threatening diseases as well as for the elderly. To take care of different disabilities various wheelchairs with different electronic components have already been developed, such as wheelchairs having joystick control, head control etc. Many people with disabilities do not have the ability to control a powered wheel chair using the above mentioned interfaces. The proposed model is a possible alternative. In this project, we use an optical eye tracking system to control a motorized wheel chair. The camera continuously monitors the pupil and tracks it centre. When the pupil moves in a particular direction a corresponding signal is sent to the motor drivers and the wheelchair moves accordingly. When the user moves his eyes balls up the wheelchair moves forward, for left it moves left and right it moves right and in all other cases the wheel chair stops. The camera automatically calibrates the centre of the eye at the start of its working and decides the coordinates for left, right and forward movement accordingly. The rear wheels are connected to the motors and are responsible for movement of the chair. The front wheels are used to steer the wheelchair in the right direction.

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2020

According to the latest report prepared by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, 15 percent of the world's population is disabled [2]. The use of power-driven wheelchairs with high navigational intelligence is a great step to integrate severely handicapped and mentally ill people. Different systems are being developed, allowing the end-user to perform safe movements and accomplish some daily life important tasks [4]. The notion is to create an Eye Monitored System that allows wheelchair navigation depending on the movement of the eyes. We have built a device where a patient sits in a Wheel Chair looking directly at the camera; can move in a direction just by looking in that direction. Our Robotic wheelchair uses the image processing system to control the wheelchair. The user's eye movements are turned to a screen position using a camera, without any direct contact. In addition, we can give more independence to the disabled person to communicate with the devices in a room, for example: a light, a fan. This communication is done using a MEMS Accelerometer. Using this, the person can handle various devices easily.

International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2013

This paper delivers a new method to guide and control the wheelchair for eyeball movement. In this method we use sensor based eyeball tracking system to control powered wheelchair. Eyeball sensor will generate distinct range of values for each position of eyeball (i.e. left, right, straight). Thi concept can be used for multiple applications, but this paper focuses the application to mobile and communication aid for paralytic people. The proposed system involves two stages; first eyeball tracking and second sending of control signals to the arduino controlled wheelchair. Abstract This paper delivers a new method to guide and control the wheelchair for disabled people based on their eyeball movement. In this method we use sensor based eyeball tracking system to control powered wheelchair. Eyeball sensor will generate distinct range of values for each position of eyeball (i.e. left, right, straight). Thi concept can be used for multiple applications, but this paper focuses the application to mobile and communication aid for paralytic people. The proposed system involves two stages; first eyeball tracking and second sending of no controlled wheelchair.

2018

People suffering from quadriplegia are unable to use both their hands and their legs. In such a scenario, they are dependent on others to move them around which results in a loss in their self-confidence. The only movements they are able to achieve are their heads and therefore their eyes. This paper leverages this movement of the eye and implements a method to track the movement of the eye to automatically control a wheelchair. A vision based system is utilized here, wherein the web-camera of the laptop is utilized to acquire images of the patient. By implementing the Viola Jones algorithm, the eyes of the patient are detected. Using MATLAB, these images undergo various morphological processes and on further analysis eye movements are tracked to determine in which direction the wheelchair is to be moved. These signals are then sent to the Arduino which forwards it on to the DC motors via the L293D IC.

International Journal of Advance Research Ideas and Innovations in Technology

In the growing world of technological advancements, here comes another small uphill. The Eyeball Controlled Wheelchair (ECW). The major purpose of this concept is to make locomotion possible, not only to people who find it difficult to move with their legs but also people whose motor limbs are not functional. Thus controlling the wheelchair with just eyeball movement. The applications of the eye tracking and movement are more efficiently rather than controlling the wheelchair with a Remote Control operated by motor organs.