KÜBA BUNALIMI VE FÜZELER KRİZİ

AFYON VE İSTANBUL ULUSLARARASI TÜRK-İSLAM TIP TARİHİ VE ETİĞİ KONGRELERİ BİLDİRİ KİTABI /AFYON AND ISTANBUL INTERNATIONAL TURKISH-ISLAMIC MEDICAL HISTORY AND ETHICS CONGRESSES

In general terms, Lıttle Ice Age can be defined as a period of between 1300-1850 when the temperature decreased at least 1 o C which gave rise to the icrease in the expansion areas of glaciers having an impact in every other ragion in the World at different ranges with sudden climatic oscillation. While this period of time is named as Lıttle Ice Age, it is wrong to speak of a global era affecting the whole world in the same extend. The impact shows changes according to time and space. Furthermore, the factor making Lıttle Ice Age important is especially the effects it created on different societies. During this period of time, many revolts (Celali Revolts), social events (French Revolution) and wars took place. All these events are relation between these two is tried to be revealed. The study focuses on Europe, Mediterranean Basin and Ottoman Empire (especially Anatolian drought in 1590s and Nile flooding in Egypt). In the end, it was found out that Lıttle Ice Age affected many many areas like economy, social life, politics and art and that it was one of the most important elements that gave rise to scial events like French Revolution which created an impact in the World scale, and the Celali revolts which had become a major problem for Ottomans for. a long time.

Türk Maarif Ansiklopedisi, 2024

Bazı büyük camiler ve selatin camilerinde cuma günleri vaaz veren resmî görevli. Büyük camilerle selatin camilerinde vaaz veren din görevlilerine "selatin şeyhi", "cuma vaizi" veya "katar şeyhi" denirdi. İstanbul'da büyük camilerde ve selatin camilerinde hatipler cuma ve bayram namazlarında hutbeleri Arapça okurlardı. Namazdan sonra ise kürsü şeyhleri Arapça olarak okunan hutbedeki âyet ve hadislerin izahı ile diğer konularda vaaz ederlerdi. İstanbul'da dinî-siyasî kamuoyu da bu cuma vaazları sırasında oluşurdu. Hem imamlar hem de hatip ve kürsü şeyhlerinin kendi içinde belli bir kıdem sıralaması olurdu. Kürsü şeyhleri şeyhülislam tarafından kadı ve müderris tayinlerinden sonra "zeyl-i meşâyih" başlığı altında ek bir liste olarak arzedilerek atamaları gerçekleşirdi. Kürsü şeyleri protokolde de yer alır, zaman zaman padişahla da görüşme imkânı bulurdu. Kürsü şeyhliği uygulamasının ilk defa Fâtih Sultan Mehmed devrinde Eyüp Sultan Camii'nde başlatıldığı düşünülmektedir. XVII. yüzyılda İstanbul'da yedi selatin camisinin en alt sırasında Eyüp Sultan Camii kürsü şeyhliği vardı. Kürsü şeyhliğine Eyüp Camii'nden başlayan bir cuma vaizi talihi yaver giderse ardından Sultan Selim Camii, Fâtih Camii, Beyazıt Camii, Süleymaniye Camii ve Sultan Ahmed Camii görevinden sonra Ayasofya Camii kürsü şeyhi olarak atanarak kürsü şeyhliği kariyer basamaklarının zirvesine çıkardı. Selatin camilerinde kürsü şeyhliği atamaları belli bir kıdem esasına göre silsile yürütülerek yapılırdı.

KUZEY KIBRIS’TA BASIN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ Burhan Eraslan ÖZET Bu tez çalışmasında, Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta basın özgürlüğüne yönelik kısıtlamaların nasıl tanımlandığı ve hangi gerekçelere dayandırıldığı araştırılmış olup, yerelleşen ve tekrarlanan kısıtlamaların gerekçelerinin farklı dönemlerdeki ortak özellikleri, süreklilikleri veya dönüşümleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu nedenle Kıbrıs Türk basınının muhatap kaldığı kısıtlamalara ilişkin tarihsel bağlamın kurulması amacıyla, Kıbrıs’ta basın olayının başlangıcı olan ve halen Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yasalarının geçerli olduğu XIX. yüzyılın son çeyreği itibarıyla basına yönelik kısıtlamalar araştırılmıştır. Tarihsel perspektif çerçevesinde İngiliz sömürge idaresi döneminde ve “Milli Mücadele Yılları”nda basının muhatap kaldığı kısıtlamalar da değerlendirilmiş ve tezin kapsamında aktarılmıştır. Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta 1974 sonrası tek gazeteci suikastı olan Kutlu Adalı olayının ardından ve 2000’li yıllarla birlikte basın özgürlüğüne ilişkin yeni söylemler ve yeni yasal kavrayışlar gündeme gelmiştir. Çalışmamız çerçevesinde bu yasal kavrayışları önceleyen söylemlerdeki dönüşüme ilişkin tartışmalar araştırılmış ve derlenerek aktarılmıştır. Bu çerçevede basını zorla susturma fiillerinin yanı sıra, siyasal iktidarların basını dava yoluyla susturma girişimleri ve bu girişimlerin yarattığı tartışmalar analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla basın taramaları gerçekleştirilmiş, parlamento konuşmalarına odaklanılmıştır. Sonuçta iktidarda veya muhalefette sağ siyasal partilerin basını yalnızca siyasal rekabetin bir aracı olarak gördüğü, sol siyasal partilerin ise Avrupa Birliği uyum sürecinin bir gereği olarak basın özgürlüğüne ilişkin yeni söylemleri gündeme taşıdıkları ve yeni yasal kavrayışların yolunu açtıkları ve onay verdikleri saptanmıştır. PRESS FREEDOM IN NORTH CYPRUS Burhan Eraslan ABSTRACT In this thesis, research has been done about how limitations on press freedom in North Cyprus are defined and under which pretexts they have been made, as well as searching for the common characteristics of localized and repeated pretexts, their continuity or changes among different periods. In order to make connections with the restrictions faced by the Turkish Cypriot press within a historical context, research has been done on Ottoman Empire laws from the last period of the XIX. century which coincides with the beginning of the press in Cyprus. Within the historical perspective restrictions on the press during the British colonial rule and the “National Struggle Years” have also been evaluated and elaborated upon within this thesis. After the only murder of a journalist Kutlu Adali, in the post 1974 period in North Cyprus and with the developments from 2000 onwards a new discourses and new legal perspectives have surfaced on the agenda. Within our thesis research has been done about the discourses prior to these legal perspectives and included in the thesis. Within this context apart from attempts for silencing the press by force, attempts at silencing the press through court cases by political powers and the discussions ensuing afterwards have been tried to be analysed. For this reason press and parliamentary speeches have been focused on. As a result we can say that the right wing political parties whether they were in power or in opposition saw the press only as a tool for political rivalry while left wing political parties opened the way for new legal prospects and put forward new rhetoric concerning the press freedom which they saw as necessary for the adaptation process with the European Union.

Milli Lider Haydar Aliyev'e 91. Yıl Armağanı, 2014

Kerbelâ’nın Fuzûlî üzerinde (ve tabi eserlerinde) iki türlü yansıması olduğunu düşünebiliriz: 1. Kerbelâ hâdisesi ve devamında süregiden iktidar savaşları, mezhep çatışmaları açısından, 2. Osmanlıdaki patrimonyal sistem bağlamında merkezden uzaklık ve yalnızlık duyguları açısından...

Serbest Mimar, 2023

The new Çınaraltı and Küllük Coffee Shops at Beyazıt Square have a design approach that establishes a dialogue with the monuments and the public urban open space by examining the place of urban experiences and cultural practices identified with the history of Beyazıt Square in daily life.

BÂBÜR ŞAH VE KÂBİL, 2021

BĀBUR SHĀH AND KABUL Abstract Kabul was not a big city; although it actually harbored such potential, it never grew as much as different cities. Kabul, built on a plateau with a height of 1800 meters sur- rounded by mountains, was located at the intersection of roads from Central Asia that reached India through the Khybar Pass, crossed the Silk Road through the high passes of The Hindu Kush mountains, and came from Ghazni to Khorasan, Māvarāʾ al-Nahr and Iran. Due to its location as an army center, this place has gained the fea- ture of an important market and a passageway. With the inclusion of Islamic lands in 798, the Shadi Turks living in the region paid heavy taxes to the Muslims. In the 10th century, the city could not resist the successes of the Ghaznavids in these re- gions. But in this period, the level of welfare began to decline. When the Ghaznavids declared Ghazni, 145 km away from Kabul, the capital, all the wealth in this process flowed to Ghazni. This situation transformed Ghazni into a big metropolis at that time. From the day when the name of Kabul was known, it has continued to be an important city to this day. Kabul, which has attracted many statesmen over time, has been conquered many times by different states. Kabul, which has been in the hands of different states many times until today, has sometimes come to a state that can be called completely ruined during these conquests. During the conquest of Chinggis Khān, Kabul was destroyed. Bābur was undoubtedly a good commander and administrator. Besides these features, he also attracted attention due to the memory he left behind. The work, which was written in Chagatai Turkish, covered many topics such as expeditions, wars, peace, defeats. In his memoirs, Babur appears as a commander at the head of an army, a son who sheds tears at his mother’s grave, and a father who celebrates when his child is born with fun. He also did not neglect to write down in his memoirs the characteris- tics of important cities in the places he conquered. In fact, this narrative about cities is sometimes written in such detail that it shows that the source of the memory is not only Bābur, but also some books written at that time were used as sources. While Ghazni and Kabul were two important centers in Afghanistan for a while, this situation later developed in favor of Kabul. In 1504, Bābur was defeated by the Uzbeks. Thereupon, Bābur wanted to go to Ḥusayn Bāyqarā in Herat. For this rea- son, during his journey, he changed his plan while passing near the Hindu Kush Mountains and descended into the Gorband valley. After a short and small battle, he captured Kabul. In ancient times, Kapisa was constantly invaded by the fact that it was a commercial center. The city of Kabul replaced Kapisa and became an impor- tant commercial center. The trade routes that continued from Central Asia past the Hindu Kush mountains passed through here, as well as the most important military routes to India left here. Babur did not like Kabul only because of its military and economic importance; He also expressed his admiration for the weather and the beauty around the city. This love he felt for Kabul continued until the end of his life. He informed his children that Kabul was a place belonged to him as long as he lived. We can understand the importance he gave to Kabul from the fact that he often mentions Kabul in his memoirs. According to his will, he was buried on the Shidar- vaza slope in Kabul, in the upper part of Bagh-e Bābur, one of the promenades built by him and still bearing his name, which is also loved by the people of Kabul. This desire for Kabul continued for the duration of the entire empire, mostly one of the Šāhzādehs lived in Kabul constantly.

Bir yaşama biçimi değildir, budalalık. Yaşamın belli bir alanında, alanları algılama biçimi olarak görünür: Yaşama biçiminden çok siyaset, felsefe, bilim, meslek vb.