Micronutrients Voss Article20200512 70940 1s5izw9

Earth Science Frontiers, 2008

Micronutrient concentrations are generally higher in the surface soil and decrease with soil depth. In spite of the high concentration of most micronutrients in soils, only a small fraction is available to plants. Micronutrients, also known as trace elements, are required in microquantities but their lack can cause serious crop production and animal health problems. Crops vary considerably in their response to various micronutrients. Brassicas and legumes are highly responsive to molybdenum (Mo) and boron (B), whereas corn and other cereals are more responsive to zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu). Micronutrient deficiencies are more common in humid temperate regions, as well as in humid tropical regions, because of intense leaching associated with high precipitation. Soil pH is one of the most important factors affecting the availability of micronutrients to plants. With increasing pH, the availability of these nutrients is reduced with the exception of Mo whose availability increases as soil pH increases. In most plant species, leaves contain higher amounts of nutrients than other plant parts. Therefore, whenever possible, leaves should be sampled to characterize the micronutrient status of crops. Deficiency symptoms for most micronutrients appear on the younger leaves at the top of the plant, whereas toxicity symptoms generally appear on the older leaves of plants. As summarized by Deckers and Steinnes, micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in developing countries, which have much poorer soil resources than the fertile soils of Europe and North America. Many of these areas lie in the humid tropics with extremely infertile, highly weathered, and/or highly leached soils, which are intensely deficient in nutrients. The rest of such soils are in the semiarid and areas adjacent to the latter, where alkaline and calcareous soil conditions severely limit the availability of micronutrients to plants. Frequently, the Cu, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Zn, and selenium (Se) levels in forages, which are sufficient for optimum crop yields, are not adequate to meet the needs of livestock. Selenium is a trace mineral, which is not required by plants, and maximum forage yields can be obtained on soils with very low amounts of soil Se.

Nutrition and Food Processing, 2021

Micronutrients are essentially as important as macronutrients to have better growth, yield and quality in plants. There requirement by plants is in trace amounts. Boron, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium and molybdenum constitute main micronutrients required by different crops in variable quantities. The requirement of micronutrients is partly met from the soil or through chemical fertilizer or through other sources. Various physical and metabolic functions are governed by these mineral nutrients. Boron is particularly essential in pollen germination, copper plays major role in photosynthesis and increases sugar content in fruits, chlorophyll synthesis and phosphorus availability is enhanced by manganese, iron acts as an oxygen carrier and promotes chlorophyll formation, while, zinc aids plant growth hormones and enzyme system. Yield and quality of agricultural products increased with micronutrients application, therefore human and animal health is protected with feed of enri...

2018

Food and nutrients are the essential components for proper growth and development of plants just like all other living organisms. Plants require sixteen essential nutrient elements including oxygen, hydrogen and carbon potentially derived from hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere while remaining thirteen are chlorine, molybdenum, boron, copper, manganese, zinc, iron, sulphur, magnesium, calcium, potassium, phosphorous and nitrogen that are supplied either through soil organic matter and soil minerals or by inorganic and organic fertillizers. Water, heat and light are three essential components that are required in sufficient quantities for proper utilization of macronutrients and micronutrients by plants. Insects, disease control and cultural practices plays important role in good quality crop production. Each plant type is unique and known to have optimum nutrient range along with minimum requirement level below which plants show significant nutrient deficiency symptoms. However...

2020

The elements of plants for the uptake of nutrients occurs by micro and macronutrients, these are responsible for the growth and the development of plants. Micronutrients are required in small quantities whereas Macronutrients are required in large Disease resistance and the production of crop is maintained by micronutrients (Gupta et al., 2008). Major nutrient uptake and metabolism activities in plant and various process like development of plant cell wall, photosynthesis, respiration activities, formation of chlorophyll, activity of enzymes, synthesis of hormones, fixation of nitrogen and reduction activities etc, Micronutrients increase the quality, yield and post-harvest life of horticulture produce (Raja, 2009). Foliar feeding supplies micronutrients, hormones and spraying of nutrients to plants.

Agriculture Letters, 2022

Soil nutrients including micro- and macro-nutrients are necessary components for plant growth and yield production as they regulate different plant

IASET, 2021

Secondary macronutrients are less commonly yield limiting than the primary macronutrients (N, P, and K), yet are required by crops in relatively large amounts. Sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) are considered secondary macronutrients because they are less commonly yield limiting than the primary macronutrients (N, P, and K), yet are required by crops in relatively large amounts. Sulfur is the fourth major nutrient and it is essential for plant growth .It is essential for the formation of certain amino acids, proteins, and oils; is a structural component of protoplasm. Calcium, a structural component of plant cell walls, is most abundant in plant leaves. It is involved in cell growth, both at the plant terminal and at the root tips, and apparently enhances uptake of nitrate-N. Mg plays a critical role in nearly all parts of plant metabolism and protein synthesis, and is an essential constituent of chlorophyll. Mg is less required by Plants than Ca. Plant growth will take place normally until it is restricted by the supply of an essential nutrient. A deficiency of any essential nutrient cannot be corrected by the addition of other crop inputs. Excess of one plant food element may cause deficiency of another. Excess of N causes K starvation in certain crops. Short supply of any nutrient leads to adverse cellular metabolism, growth and development of plants. Such plants bear abnormal symptoms termed as visual deficiency symptoms. Toxic conditions such as excessive soil acidity may prevent plant roots from growing or perhaps nutrients are simply in low supply. Nutrients are essential for the metabolism of crop plants hence growth and yield as well as can be considered as an important component in plant-disease interactions.

Experimental Agriculture, 2008

Eight trace elements are essential for higher plants: boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). Whenever the supply of one or more of these elements is inadequate, yields will be reduced and the quality of crop products impaired, but crop species and cultivars vary considerably in their susceptibility to deficiencies. Zinc deficiency is the most ubiquitous micronutrient problem throughout the world affecting many crops including the staples maize, rice and wheat. Boron deficiency is the second most widespread micronutrient problem and dicotyledon species tend to be more sensitive to B deficiency than graminaceous crops. Iron deficiency is important in some regions, especially those with a Mediterranean climate and calcareous soils. Copper deficiency is important in some parts of the world, such as Europe and Australia where cereals are most affected. Likewise, Mn and Mo deficiencies vary in importance around the world. Acute micronutrient deficiencies in plants are accompanied by distinct symptoms, but hidden deficiencies without obvious symptoms are generally more widespread.

International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2020

Proper plant nutrition is essential for successful production of vegetable crops. Integrated supply of micronutrients with macronutrients in adequate amount and suitable proportions is one of the most important factors that control the plant growth and development. Micronutrients are usually required in minute quantities, nevertheless, are vital to the growth of plant. Judicious use of micronutrients is essential for vegetable cultivation to get maximum yield of high quality produce. Plant metabolism, nutrient regulation, chlorophyll synthesis, reproductive growth, flower retention, fruit and seed development etc., are such effective functions performed by various micronutrients. Micronutrients which are essential for all higher plants are boron (B), chlorine (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and nickel (Ni). Micronutrients like Cl, Cu, Fe and Mn are involved in various photosynthetic processes and Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn are associated with various enzymatic activities, Mo is specific for nitrate reductase only. Boron is associated with the carbohydrate metabolism and reproductive phase of the plants along with photosynthesis or enzymatic activities. Taking this into consideration, in the current review focus on major functions of micronutrients in vegetable production and also gives a brief overview of recent research findings related to role of micronutrients on vegetable production, which can contribute to a better understanding of the role of micronutrients in vegetable plants.

World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research, 2024

Crop productivity in developing countries is hindered by micronutrient deficiency, particularly in the third world, leading to challenges in achieving higher yields. The unbalanced use of fertilizers for higher agricultural production has resulted in soil fertility exhaustion and imbalances in major, secondary, and micronutrients. The intensified cultivation, erosion, and loss of micronutrients through various processes have led to an escalation in crop micronutrient insufficiencies, impacting both crop productivity and human nutrition. African soils, including those in Ethiopia, suffer from multiple nutrient deficiencies, affecting staple crops and leading to poor nutritional quality in diets. In Ethiopian soils, there is a widespread occurrence of micronutrient deficiencies, specifically in zinc, boron, and copper, which adversely impact the productivity of crops. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in Ethiopia in the 1970s has not addressed micronutrient deficiencies adequately. The review emphasizes the importance of micronutrients in global crop production and their role in addressing hunger and malnutrition. The limited use of micronutrients in developing countries contrasts with their significance in improving crop yield and quality. Micronutrient deficiencies can have severe consequences on plant growth, yield, and human health. The review concludes by stressing the significance of addressing micronutrient deficiencies for optimal crop production and human nutrition. The goal of the review is to present a comprehensive understanding of the significance of micronutrients for crop production.

Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci., 2021

Plant growth and development are directly depended on the source of nutrients. Basically, plants need different type of nutrients which are categories into two groups i.e. macro nutrients and micro nutrients according to their requirements. These nutrients include Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Boron (B), Sulphur (S), Magnesium (Mg) etc. In the plant body, many nutrients influence biochemical processes as well as provide resistance against diseases and finally disturb the quality of crops. According to fast increasing in the world population and the decreasing trend in yields of crop make food safety a main challenge. That’s why balanced application of nutrients is very important to rise the crop yield and to attain the necessary increase in the production of food. Furthermore, nutrients play a significant role in fertility of soil and make it more productive for the growth of plant. This review article will discuss the recent information that concerning about the nutrients and their use in sustainable agriculture for the growth of plant.

IJARW, 2019

Plants produce various parts of the water by nutrients, water and nutrients from the ground, air from karvain dioxide and light energy from the sun. Nutrients are classified according to the requirements of plants.

Trends in Plant Science, 2005