Design and Optimization of Thermal Syste

Energy, 1996

A comprehensive and rigorous introduction to thermal system designfrom a contemporary perspective Thermal Design and Optimization offers readers a lucid introductionto the latest methodologies for the design of thermal systems andemphasizes engineering economics, system simulation, andoptimization methods. The methods of exergy analysis, entropygeneration minimization, and thermoeconomics are incorporated in anevolutionary manner.

International Standard Book This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.

Design of thermal systems is no longer primarily an art and experience but it has now shifted to a rigorous optimization procedure, the commercial software tools are being routinely used to the best possible design under the conditions at hand. Thermal system design and analysis continues to develop. The number of workers is growing, technical papers appear in greater numbers, and new textbooks are being written. Many concepts like use of information flow diagrams to simplify the simulation procedure, novel optimization methods suitable for thermal system simulation, etc. have been developed. Researchers have developed detailed simulation procedures for equipment used in refrigeration systems. Also thermal power plants and novel desiccant-based cooling systems have been developed over the years. This paper discusses briefly the procedures for thermal systems design, simulation and optimization developed over the decades.

Springer eBooks, 2019

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate by means of relevant examples the usefulness of Excel as a tool for introducing computer-aided design optimisation to engineering students.The performance of thermal systems is strongly influenced by the cost of energy which constitutes a major part of their running cost.Thermal design, which must take into consideration operating costs as well as initial costs, offers good examples of design optimisation. Moreover, design optimisation of thermal systems can easilybe performed by using Excel. The examples considered in the paper deal with insulated conduits carrying hot or cold air with respect to initial and energy costs. Unlike analytical optimisation that can only be used for simple situations with a single design parameter, Excel can deal with thermal designs that involve multiple design factors and elaborate analytical models. I. INTRODUCTION Thermal-fluid systems,or simply thermal systems,are mechanical-engineering systems that are used for the transfer and utilisation of thermal energy in industrial, residential, and many other applications. Thermal design refers to the design of these systems that is based on the principles of thermal sciences (thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer). The design of thermal system is strongly influenced by the cost of energy as well as environmental regulations that vary with location and time. Therefore, the acceptability of a thermal system does not depend only on its initial cost, but also on its running cost. Thermal design can be used to illustrate the concept of design optimisation more effectively than conventional types of mechanical-engineering design [1]. Like conventional design, thermal design is an iterative process that requires the use of computers and computer software. In order to deal with design assignments, standard textbooks in the field of thermal engineering now use relevant computer software[2,3]. By eliminating the tedium of property tables and charts, computer software helps the students to improve their designs by performing sensitivity and optimisation analyses that lead to more efficient systems with less energy consumption and lower impact on the environment. Unfortunately, such applications are usually protected by proprietary rights and, therefore, they are inaccessible for many engineering students particularly in developing countries. Microsoft Excel,which comes as part of the widely-distrbuted Microsoft Office software, is is a general-purpose spreadsheet application that is usually taught to junior engineering students within an introductory course in computer application. Although Excel is an extremely versatile application,itismostly used only for data analysis and presentation. However, Excelis equipped it with the necessary tools that allow students to perform design optimisation analyses. Moreover, the computational capabilities of Excel as a modelling platform for engineering analyses can be extended significantly by taking advantage of Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which is a well-equipped programming language that also comes as part of Microsoft Office. VBA can be used for developing additional user-defined functions as required by thermal analyses [4]. With the wide availability of personal computers nowadays, Excel can be a useful modelling platform for mechanical engineering students and practicing engineers alike. Ithas already been used as an effective educational tool for introducing the basic concepts of thermal sciences[5-8]. The present paper focuses on using Excel for design optimisation of thermal systems. By means of relevant examples, the paper demonstrates the adequacy of Excel, together with its Solver add-in,as a modelling platform for thermal design optimisation. The paper also highlights the advantages of computer-aided optimisation compared to analytical optimisation of thermal systems design.

Thermal System Optimization, 2019

There are a few thermal components which can play an important role in power-generating systems, refrigeration systems, or any such system. Similarly, there are few thermal systems which can be operated with solar energy. In this chapter, thermal modeling of few such systems like the cooling tower, heat pipe, micro-channel heat sink, solar air heater, solar water heater, solar chimney, and other systems of such type is presented. The objective function for each of these systems is derived from the thermal model. The optimization of a derived objective is performed by implementing 11 different metaheuristic algorithms for each system, and then the comparative results are tabulated and discussed. In this chapter, a thermal modeling of components which can play an important role in systems such as the power-generating system and refrigerating system is carried out. Apart from the conventional system, the thermal modeling of few solar-assisted systems is also performed in this chapter. The objective function of each component/system is derived based on the thermal modeling and optimization of the derived objective (which is carried out by implementing different metaheuristic algorithms). 7.1 Cooling Tower A cooling tower is a device used in thermal power plant refrigeration plants, air conditioning plants, and chemical and petrochemical industries to dissipate processed heat. The large quantities of processed heat must be removed to maintain standard operating parameters. The cooling tower works based on a combination of heat and mass transfers to cool water by direct contact between air and water. The water to be cooled is distributed in the tower by spray nozzles, fills, and splash bars in such a way that it exposes a large quantity of surface water to atmospheric air (Kröger 2004). The movement of the air is accomplished by fans, natural draft, or the induction effect from the water sprays. A portion of the water is evaporated

This study serves as an example of an effort to raise the effectiveness of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. A device that transfers heat from a single fluid into another is one definition of a heat exchanger. Heat exchangers come in a variety of forms, but those with shells and tubes are some of the most adaptable and widely utilised. This project optimises the structural and CFD components while also taking the entire yearly operating cost into account. As a result, research has been done to establish the ideal heat exchanger size in relation to a certain set of input characteristics and the required outputs at the outlet. Three phases of optimisation were used for the heat exchanger: (1) a mathematical model-based thermal study; (2) ANSYS nozzle optimisation with structural loads; and (3) ANSYS CFD analysis. Every technique made use of the ANSYS software. Due to the fact that each of the the necessary variables have been obtained from recognised standards and guidelines in the industry, the optimisation issue has now taken on a more realistic form.

Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 2018

Achieving thermal systems and processes which are energy efficient and of optimised design is a goal for researchers and engineers in view of rising energy costs and decreasing targets for greenhouse gas emissions. Energy efficiency is also vital if organisations are to remain competitive. Consequently, great effort is being expended on enhancing both systems and individual components because ultimately such enhancement leads to reductions in energy consumption, costs and the impact of the systems on the environment. The papers in this special edition on energy efficient thermal systems and processes cover a very wide range of topics including the optimisation of the design or operation of systems and individual components, the use of renewable energy and low-grade heat and the production of fuels from waste. In each case the outcome of the research provides information which could be used either for reducing energy demand and emissions or for reducing environmental risks.

This work represents the study of various optimization techniques used in thermal systems. The thermal system used here is a Vapor Absorption refrigeration system. The optimization of this system has been done using various optimization techniques. These techniques are either traditional one or some heuristic approach such as genetic algorithm, artificial neural networks etc. These techniques have different convergence rate and requires different number of iterative steps to provide the optimized results. The results obtained by these techniques are also little different because it is not necessary that heuristic approach will provide the best solution but they provide the solution which is very close to the best solution and in some case, they provide best solution which has to be further justified. For better convergence rate, an algorithm which is 'algorithm specific-parameter less 'can be used. Effect of evolutionary algorithms with respect to optimization for thermal sy...

2017

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.