Eating Disorders: Problems of Contemporary Civilisation – A Review

Prof. E. Babicz-Zielińska) trition…, 2003]. Obesity is a chronic non-infectious disease, which signifi cantly deteriorates the quality of life, shortens its length and constitutes a risk factor for many other metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer of uterus, colon and breast cancer, hypertensive disease, degenerative arthritis, stroke and coronary heart disease. The increase in relative body mass index (BMI) by a single unit increases the risk of diabetes by 20-50% and the risk of cancer by 3-10% [Comparative quantifi cation..., 2004].

International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering, 2022

The purpose of this review is to create awareness about Eating Disorders (ED) disease to the sufferers, their families, and the society in general. The disease threatens the health of millions of young girls aged roughly between 14 to 28 years and also some boys. The review will deal with the following topics related to Eating Disorders (ED): Hunger and why we feel hungry; discuss the causes of eating disorder (ED), which comprises of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia Nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED); describe the ED’s relationship with psychological issues; throwing light on its relationship with physical complications; the availability of drugs for the treatment of ED; a set of guidelines for hospitalization of ED patients by the Society for Adolescent Medicine; elaboration of the important question of prevention of disease; the position of ED in India, the influx of social media, social and cultural values; requirement of serious attention to obtain a realistic picture of the ED issue. Finally, quarantine and self-isolation have undoubtedly caused negative consequences for one’s mental health due to separation from loved ones, loss of freedom, loss of income, and increased boredom.

1988

European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2003

anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, which is generally thought of as multi-factorial in nature. In recent years with the advent of new bio-technologies interest in the exploration of the contribution of biological, in particular genetic factors to the origins of these disorders has been revived. The challenge for the future is to understand better the relative impor-tance of biological and psychosocial risk-factors and how these factors interact. Moreover, there is a need for a greater appreciation of the developmental perspective in the origins of eating disorders.

Progress in nutrition, 2018

Summary. There is a commonly held view that eating disorders are lifestyle choice. Eating disorders are actually serious and often fatal illnesses, obsessions with food, body weight, and shape may also signal an eating disorders. Common eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, night-eating syndrome, eating disorders not otherwise specified and binge-eating disorders. Eating disorders occur in men and women, young and old, rich and poor and from all cultural backgrounds; they result in about 7000 death a year as of 2010, making them the mental illnesses with the highest mortality rate. The chance for recovery increases the earlier they are detected, therefore, it is important to be aware of some of the warning signs of an eating disorder. In this review, different types of eating disorder, their side effects, complications and treatments are discussed.

Psychiatria polska, 2016

The aim of this paper was to characterise nonspecific eating disorders (other than anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa). The Medline database was searched for articles on nonspecific eating disorders. The following disorders were described: binge eating disorder (BED), pica, rumination disorder, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, night eating syndrome (NES), sleep-related eating disorder (SRED), bigorexia, orthorexia, focusing on diagnosis, symptoms, assessment, comorbidities, clinical implications and treatment. All of the included disorders may have dangerous consequences, both somatic and psychological. They are often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders. Approximately a few percent of general population can be diagnosed with each disorder, from 0.5-4.7% (SRED) to about 7% (orthorexia). With the growing literature on the subject and changes in DSM-5, clinicians recognise and treat those disorders more often. More studies have to be conducted in order to differentiat...

Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1996

ijmtst, 2022

Anorexia nervosa is a serious mental disorder with a characteristic appearance. It can affect people of all ages, genders, sexual orientations, races, and ethnicities, but it is especially dangerous for adolescent girls and young adult women. Anorexia is caused by a combination of psychological, societal, and biological variables, and there is no single cause. Anorexia nervosa affects about 0.5-1.0 percent of women over the world. Previous research suggested that anorexia nervosa is a condition that exclusively affects women in Western countries; however, recent research has showed that it is more common in boys than previously assumed.The higher rate of anorexia nervosa in western countries compared to non-western countries was explained by cultural differences, as western culture places a high priority on thinness in young women. Being skinny, on the other hand, is socially unacceptable in most non-western cultures. Although anorexia nervosa is primarily a problem in Western countries, current data suggests that it is spreading to non-Western countries in both genders. This phenomenon was explained by a number of factors, including Western media attention, social and parental pressure, genetic and biochemical variables, and other psychological problems including such sexual abuse and poor self are also contributors.

International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2003

Objective: To review the literature on the incidence and prevalence of eating disorders. Methods: We searched Medline using several key terms relating to epidemiology and eating disorders and we checked the reference lists of the articles that we found. Special attention has been paid to methodologic problems affecting the selection of populations under study and the identification of cases. Results: An average prevalence rate for anorexia nervosa of 0.3% was found for young females. The prevalence rates for bulimia nervosa were 1% and 0.1% for young women and young men, respectively. The estimated prevalence of binge eating disorder is at least 1%. The incidence of anorexia nervosa is 8 cases per 100,000 population per year and the incidence of bulimia nervosa is 12 cases per 100,000 population per year. The incidence of anorexia nervosa increased over the past century, until the 1970s. Discussion: Only a minority of people who meet stringent diagnostic criteria for eating disorders are seen in mental health care. # 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 34: 383-396, 2003.

European Journal of Internal Medicine, 2011

Background: Eating disorders are common health problems afflicting mainly female adolescents and young women. They are associated with important physical health and psychosocial morbidity, and carry increased risk of death. Their cause is not yet completely understood and their management is complex, with some patients resisting all available treatments. Aims of this review: To provide the readers with an update regarding our knowledge and understanding of eating disorders. Methods: Medline database has been used for searching articles on eating disorders published since 1980. The key words used were eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating. Professional books published during this period has been also reviewed. Conclusions: In the last 30 years a substantial improvement has been achieved both in the understanding and management of eating disorders, but many problems still need to be resolved. Three principal priorities should be addressed. First, the actual classification of eating disorders should be revised, since about half the cases seen in clinical practice receive a diagnosis of eating disorder not otherwise specified, and it is common to observe a migration between eating disorder diagnoses. Second, the research on pathogenesis should better clarify the exact role of genetic and environmental risk factors, and how they interact and vary across the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Third, there is an urgent need both to disseminate the few evidence-based treatments available, and to develop more potent treatments for all the eating disorder diagnostic categories.